Diversity Management

ASSIGNMENT
1- Workforce diversity
Workforce Diversity Is The Collective Mixture Of Employees' Differences And
Similarities (Including Individual Characteristics, Values, Beliefs, Experiences,
Backgrounds, Preferences, And Behaviors).
Workforce diversity is something that has become very essential nowadays and hence
most companies are trying to achieve it. While an organization’s reputation and
workforce inclusion are definitely paramount goals worth pursuing, workforce diversity
has many other tangible and immediate benefits connected directly to the organization’s
bottom-line. Hence, diversity and inclusion in the workplace are not just a necessity, but
also a major competitive advantage. 
2- Discrimination
A simplified description of the Discrimination Act's definition of discrimination is when a
person is treated disfavourably or when a person's dignity is violated. The disfavourable
treatment or the violation of the person's dignity must have a connection to one of the
seven grounds of discrimination. Discrimination can be direct or indirect. Inadequate
accessibility, harassment, sexual harassment and instructions to discriminate are also
forms of discrimination.
2 . 1 - The legal definition of discrimination

A simplified description of the legal definition of discrimination is when a person is

treated disfavourably or when a person's dignity is violated. The disfavourable treatment
or the violation of a person's dignity must also be related to one of the seven grounds of
discrimination.

 Sex
 transgender identity or expression
 ethnicity
 religion or other belief
 disability
 sexual orientation
 age.

3- Diversity management
Diversity management is an organizational process used to promote diversity and
inclusion in the workplace. This process involves implementing policies and strategies in
hiring, management, training, and more. The goals of diversity management are to
promote fairness and equality and benefit from the advantages of a diverse
organization.
Diversity management is an organizational process used to promote diversity and
inclusion in the workplace. This process involves implementing policies and strategies
in hiring, management, training, and more. The goals of diversity management are to
promote fairness and equality and benefit from the advantages of a diverse
organization.

4- Classical conditioning
Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a type of
unconscious or automatic learning. This learning process creates a conditioned
response through associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral
stimulus.1

Put another way, classical conditioning involves placing a neutral stimulus before a
naturally occurring reflex. In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal
was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to
food. By associating the neutral stimulus (sound) with the unconditioned stimulus (food),
the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response.

5- Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method

of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant
conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether
negative or positive) for that behavior.1

For example, when lab rats press a lever when a green light is on, they receive a food
pellet as a reward. When they press the lever when a red light is on, they receive a mild
electric shock. As a result, they learn to press the lever when the green light is on and
avoid the red light.
But operant conditioning is not just something that takes place in experimental settings
while training lab animals. It also plays a powerful role in everyday learning.
Reinforcement and punishment take place in natural settings all the time, as well as in
more structured settings such as classrooms or therapy sessions.

6- dimensions of intellectual ability

1. Number Aptitude
2. Comprehension
3. Perceptual Speed
4. Inductive Reasoning
5. Deductive Reasoning
6. Special Visualization
7. Memory

7- four types of reinforcement

A. Positive reinforcement: This involves adding something to increase response,

such as praising a child when they complete a designated task. This would
motivate the child to get involved in the task.
B. Negative reinforcement: This involves removing something to increase response,
such as withholding payment until the person completes the job. The person
would remain motivated till the end of the job to acquire the payment.
C. Punishment: This involves adding something aversive to modify behavior. For
example, yelling at a child for misbehaving. In this example, the child would
associate every negative behavior with punishments. This would prevent the
child from repeating such behavior.
D. Extinction: This involves removing or taking away something to modify a certain
response. This is called negative punishment or extinction. For instance, a
teenager comes home late, and the parents curb their phone usage. Next time,
the teenager would think before breaking the curfew.