Diversity Management

ASSIGNMENT
1- Workforce diversity
Workforce Diversity Is The Collective Mixture Of Employees' Differences And
Similarities (Including Individual Characteristics, Values, Beliefs, Experiences,
Backgrounds, Preferences, And Behaviors).
Workforce diversity is something that has become very essential nowadays and hence most
companies are trying to achieve it. While an organization’s reputation and workforce inclusion
are definitely paramount goals worth pursuing, workforce diversity has many other tangible and
immediate benefits connected directly to the organization’s bottom-line. Hence, diversity and
inclusion in the workplace are not just a necessity, but also a major competitive advantage.
2- Discrimination
A simplified description of the Discrimination Act's definition of discrimination is when a
person is treated disfavourably or when a person's dignity is violated. The disfavourable treatment
or the violation of the person's dignity must have a connection to one of the seven grounds of
discrimination. Discrimination can be direct or indirect. Inadequate accessibility, harassment,
sexual harassment and instructions to discriminate are also forms of discrimination.
2 . 1 - The legal definition of discrimination

A simplified description of the legal definition of discrimination is when a person is treated

disfavourably or when a person's dignity is violated. The disfavourable treatment or the violation
of a person's dignity must also be related to one of the seven grounds of discrimination.

• Sex
• transgender identity or expression
• ethnicity
• religion or other belief
• disability
• sexual orientation
• age.
•
 3- Diversity management
Diversity management is an organizational process used to promote diversity and inclusion in the
workplace. This process involves implementing policies and strategies in hiring, management,
training, and more. The goals of diversity management are to promote fairness and equality and
benefit from the advantages of a diverse organization.
Diversity management is an organizational process used to promote diversity and inclusion in the
workplace. This process involves implementing policies and strategies in hiring, management,
training, and more. The goals of diversity management are to promote fairness and equality and
benefit from the advantages of a diverse organization.

4- Classical conditioning

Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a type of unconscious

or automatic learning. This learning process creates a conditioned response through associations
between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus.1

Put another way, classical conditioning involves placing a neutral stimulus before a naturally
occurring reflex. In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of
a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the
neutral stimulus (sound) with the unconditioned stimulus (food), the sound of the tone alone
could produce the salivation response.

5- Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning

that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association
is made between a behavior and a consequence (whether negative or positive) for that behavior.1

For example, when lab rats press a lever when a green light is on, they receive a food pellet as
a reward. When they press the lever when a red light is on, they receive a mild electric shock.
As a result, they learn to press the lever when the green light is on and avoid the red light.
But operant conditioning is not just something that takes place in experimental settings while
training lab animals. It also plays a powerful role in everyday learning. Reinforcement and
punishment take place in natural settings all the time, as well as in more structured settings such
as classrooms or therapy sessions.

6- dimensions of intellectual ability

1. Number Aptitude
2. Comprehension
3. Perceptual Speed
4. Inductive Reasoning
5. Deductive Reasoning
6. Special Visualization
7. Memory

7- four types of reinforcement

A. Positive reinforcement: This involves adding something to increase response, such as

praising a child when they complete a designated task. This would motivate the child to
get involved in the task.
B. Negative reinforcement: This involves removing something to increase response, such as
withholding payment until the person completes the job. The person would remain
motivated till the end of the job to acquire the payment.
C. Punishment: This involves adding something aversive to modify behavior. For example,
yelling at a child for misbehaving. In this example, the child would associate every negative
behavior with punishments. This would prevent the child from repeating such behavior.
D. Extinction: This involves removing or taking away something to modify a certain response.
This is called negative punishment or extinction. For instance, a teenager comes home
late, and the parents curb their phone usage. Next time, the teenager would think before
breaking the curfew.