Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often

accompanied by nervous behaviour, such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints,
and rumination. It is the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over anticipated
events, such as the feeling of imminent death. Anxiety is not the same as fear, which is
a response to a real or perceived immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation
of future threat. Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and
unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is only subjectively seen as menacing.
It is often accompanied by muscular tension, restlessness, fatigue and problems in
concentration. Anxiety can be appropriate, but when experienced regularly the
individual may suffer from an anxiety disorder.
People facing anxiety may withdraw from situations which have provoked anxiety
in the past. There are various types of anxiety. Existential anxiety can occur when a
person faces angst, an existential crisis, or nihilistic feelings. People can also face
mathematical anxiety, somatic anxiety, stage fright, or test anxiety. Social anxiety and
stranger anxiety are caused when people are apprehensive around strangers or other
people in general. Furthermore, anxiety has been linked with physical symptoms such
as IBS and can heighten other mental health illnesses such as OCD and panic disorder.
The first step in the management of a person with anxiety symptoms is to evaluate the
possible presence of an underlying medical cause, whose recognition is essential in
order to decide its correct treatment. Anxiety symptoms may be masking an organic
disease or appear associated or as a result of a medical disorder.
Anxiety can be either a short term "state" or a long term "trait". Whereas trait
anxiety represents worrying about future events, anxiety disorders are a group of mental
disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety disorders are partly
genetic but may also be due to drug use, including alcohol, caffeine, and
benzodiazepines (which are often prescribed to treat anxiety), as well as withdrawal
from drugs of abuse. They often occur with other mental disorders, particularly bipolar
disorder, eating disorders, major depressive disorder, or certain personality disorders.
Common treatment options include lifestyle changes, medication, and therapy

1. What’s the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. The definition of anxiety.
B. The symptoms of anxiety.
C. The difference between anxiety and fear.
D. The causes of anxiety.
The solution for anxiety.

The digital revolt has proceeded at breakneck speed with the internet and it still
goes on. The digital world has grown to become a significant function for society in the
space of 50 years. Digitization is commonly comprehended as a positive power. The
governments of countries, such as Estonia, are taking up digital technology to become
more efficient and transparent to their citizens.
Nevertheless, every so often evolving technologies such as artificial intelligence
(AI) are welcomed with anxiety. For case in point, self-driving cars breed the public’s
enthusiasm to ride in them is decreasing. In addition, relating to the impact of artificial
intelligence on people’s jobs is upward, although economists say that livelihoods are
likely to become accustomed to technological change, rather than be lost altogether.
Additionally, there are suspicions as well about the consequence of
smartphones, video games and social media on our mental health. These anxieties
make the tech giants of Silicon Valley are already starting to take steps to overcome
them. However, numerous researchers opine that evidence of harm is markedly lacking.
A growing number of our culture exists merely in digital form. Archivists
throughout the world are making movement to conserve the culture for upcoming
generations. Nonetheless, the internet substance does not represent each one. If the
Internet is aware of its democratic potential, it must represent and serve people who are
presently marginalized by their gender or skin color.

2. By writing the sentence “Archivists throughout the world are making movement to
conserve the culture for upcoming generations.” in paragraph 4, the author implies
that….
A. archivists have to take action to neglect the culture
B. culture needs to be conserved by future authorities
C. it is vital to preserve each culture all round the world
D. future generations need to turn a blind eye to their culture
E. people across the globe never keep an eye out for culture

Right now, the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is hovering at 400
parts per million a number that is already large enough to start affecting our
environment. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, meaning that it traps heat within the
Earth’s atmosphere. That is why governments of the world are trying to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere annually, in the hopes that the planet
will not get so warm that parts of the planet become uninhabitable. But what if those
reductions do not happen, and instead, everything goes horribly wrong?
Looking at a computer model of a world completely covered in water (a simple
analog of the Earth, which is 71 percent covered by water) Popp and colleagues looked
at what would happen if the carbon dioxide levels rose to staggering levels. They found
that when the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 1,520 parts per million,
temperatures at the surface of the world would reach nearly 135 degrees Fahrenheit,
evaporating vast amounts of water into the atmosphere, and sending them high up into
the atmosphere, near space. In this scenario, called the “moist greenhouse” in the
paper, Popp estimates that water could easily escape from the water world’s
atmosphere into space. Worse, they found that once moist greenhouse conditions were
reached, they could not be reserved, even by removing the excess carbon dioxide.
A similar situation could happen in a few billion years as the sun brightens in the
natural course of its evolution, sending out so much more heat and light that the
temperature of the Earth’s surface rises, creating a similar moist greenhouse effect.
But there is no need to worry right now about the world will end in fire or gas. Given the
lengthy time scale to reach either situation (millions if not billions of years), these are
more geological doomsday scenarios than human ones. Is not that comforting?
3. Paragraph 1 implies that ….
A. the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is disturbing
B. the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is comforting
C. the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is discouraging
D. the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is alarming
E. the amount of carbon dioxide in our environment is threatening

Many modern educational experts claim that teaching facts and academic skills is
less important than achieving other social objectives. For some liberals, the schools
must first change attitudes or provide nurturing in place of failed families or help
establish equality and social justice. For some conservatives, the schools must first
prepare kids for the workplace by molding them into supple corporate citizens, while
others want the focus to be on family values, a competitive spirit, or other social or
behavioral objectives. But the idea of simply educating kids seems to have taken a
backseat to most educational experts and administrators. They miss the point that kids
with real academic skills, especially skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, are more
likely to overcome social barriers, more likely to have genuine self esteem, and most
likely to be genuinely prepared for the challenges of life and the workplace. By
emphasizing so many things besides a genuine, classical education, the educational
establishment tends to sell our kids short and bring about many of the problems they
claim to be solving.
Consider the case of Wesley Elementary School in Houston. According to Richard
Nadler in the article, “Failing Grade”, Wesley has all the demographic markers of a
school bound for failure. Over 80% of the students qualify for subsidized lunches, and
nearly all are minorities (92% black, 7% Hispanic).Yet it ranks among the best schools
of Houston, with first- graders placing at the 82nd percentile level in reading tests which
is 50 points higher than the expected level for similar at-risk schools.
What has made Wesley so successful? The answer is classical education in the
form of Direct Instruction curriculum designed by Siegfried Engelmann, an example of
the much ridiculed “sage-on-the-stage” approach. This Direct Instruction system boosts
reading, writing, and math scores by 30 to 40 percentile points in at risk school. Sadly,
Engelmann, like others who successfully challenge popular fads in education reform,
has been rejected by much of the educational establishment. His success is an
embarrassment to them.

4. In writing the text, the writer's tone could be best described as….
A. persuasive
B. descriptive
C. informative
D. evaluative
E. conservative
 Despite its name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart. Some of the
symptoms, however, are similar to those of a heart attack or heart disease. Heartburn is
an irritation of the esophagus that is caused by stomach acid, which can create a
burning discomfort in the upper abdomen or below the breast bone.
With gravity's help, a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter, or
LES, keeps stomach acid the stomach. The LES is located where the esophagus meets
the stomach—below the rib cage and slightly left of center. Normally it opens to allow
food into the stomach or to permit belching, and the closes again. If, however, the LES
opens too often or does not close tight enough, stomach acid can reflux, or seep, into
the esophagus and cause the burning sensation. Occasional heartburn is not
dangerous, but chronic heartburn or gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) can
sometimes lead to serious problems.
The basic cause of heartburn is a lower esophageal sphincter, or LES, that does
not tighten as it should. Two excesses often contribute to this problem: too much food in
the stomach (overeating) or too much pressure on the stomach (frequently from obesity,
pregnancy, or constipation). Certain foods commonly relax the LES, including tomatoes,
citrus fruits, garlic, onions, chocolate, coffee, alcohol, caffeinated product, and
peppermint. Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) often lead to heartburn, as
do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can increase acid production and can
cause heartburn. Smoking, which relaxes the LES and stimulates stomach acid, is
major contributor.
How does heartburn happen? When you eat, food goes from your mouth down a
tube called the esophagus into your stomach. In between the esophagus and the
stomach is an opening called the lower esophageal sphincter. This muscular valve act
like a door to let food into your stomach. It normally closes quickly behind the food to
keep stomach acids—which break down the food—from backing up into your
esophagus.
If that valve does not close all the way, stomach acid backs up, or refluxes, into
the esophagus. Stomach acid irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes a painful
burning sensation. The feeling may be worse after bending over or when you lie down.
Certain foods and drinks—like tomato product, alcohol, citrus, coffee, and fatty or spicy
foods—may be more likely to irritate the lower esophageal sphincter and make
heartburn worse. Being overweight, eating big meals, wearing clothes that are tight
around the waist and smoking also raise your risk for heartburn. Learning what triggers
your heartburn can help you case the burn.

5. Which of the following reflects the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?
A. persuasive
B. indifferent
C. informative
D. sceptical
E. optimistic