Activity I.

What are the top three problems of:

1. Biological Science

2. Physical Science

3. Social Science

Subject: Teaching Science in Primary Grade

Submitted To: Mrs. Carolyn Valenton

Professor

Submitted By: Ms. Jo Ann S. Sumalpong

BEED – Student
Biological issue

What are the biological issues nowadays?

IMHO the major biological issue of our day is how our array of current world species will be able to
survive the rapidly changing conditions we are imposing on them (and us) through the global
warming process. That single issue is broken down into individual issues of particular species
dealing with the problem on there own .

I am working on lobster shell disease that is one specific issue for lobsters. The warming of the Gulf-
of-Maine and its acidification from atmospheric CO2 dissolving in the rivers and shallow coastal
waters are seen as major culprits. Lobsters also have to deal with moving their preferred
environment northward, probably abandoning the USA and moving to cooler waters centered in
Canada’s Gulf of St Lawrence.

Thus, these two lobster biological sub-issues of global warming will have dramatic effects on the
sociology of the USA State of Maine, which had a billion dollar peak year, 2016, of industry based on
the lobster. That key industry in Maine may have seen its best day. The human fallout from the
change in lobster population biology is just a poignant example of the ripple effects of the global
warming phenomenon. Many stories of other species dealing with the problem are untold
Physical Issue:
Physical factors relate to genetic makeup and how physical health interacts with mental health.
They include:
Physical health problems
People with a learning disability are often susceptible to physical health problems. Being physically
unwell can have a negative effect on general well-being and may lead to poor mental health.

Physical disabilities (including sensory impairment)

People with a learning disability, especially those with severe and profound learning disabilities, are
more likely to have physical disabilities. People with chronic physical disabilities are at increased risk
of developing mental health problems, especially depression.
People with sensory impairments are at a greater risk of developing mental health problems,
especially those with hearing impairments. A hearing impairment can lead to social isolation and
misinterpretation of situations. Mental health problems are more likely when the sensory
impairment occurs later in life, i.e. there is an increased sense of loss.
Communication problems
Communication and language problems can have an unfavourable effect on mental health. Some
people with a learning disability may not be able to express their feelings, and feel frustrated and
angry. Sometimes they may use actions to communicate, but those changes in behaviour may, in
turn, be misinterpreted as a phase and not acted upon with appropriate support. Moreover,
challenging behaviour can occur in people as a result of difficulties in expression, emotional pain or
distress.

Medication
The unwanted effects of medication, whether for physical or mental ill health, can lead people to
develop mental health problems. For example anti-depressants can sometimes precipitate a period
of hypomania. Medication that is given to treat high blood pressure can sometimes contribute to
the development of depression. The unwanted effects of medication can sometimes be worse for
the person than actually living with the condition they are being treated for and they may decide
not to take the medication. People with a learning disability may be taking a number of medicines,
and so are at particular risk of unwanted side-effects, particularly if the prescriber does not
regularly review these.

Drugs and alcohol

The use of illegal substances, the abuse of alcohol and over-the-counter medicines can increase an
individual’s vulnerability to mental health problems.

Syndromes and developmental disorders

Some genetic syndromes are associated with having a learning disability. Conditions such as Down’s
syndrome and Fragile X are two of the most common syndromes associated with having a learning
disability. Some of these syndromes are also associated with mental health problems, for example,
those with Down’s syndrome are at increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease; those with Prader-Willi
syndrome are more likely to develop eating disorders; and autism has been associated with an
increased risk of anxiety and depression.
Social Isue:

Crime is a social issue because it cannot exist without society. Society decides what actions are criminal
and which are not. For example, abortion is legal in some countries but in others it is not.

Also, in societies, the powerful decide what is a crime and what is not. Take for example the debate
around marijuana. If it were up to the majority of people it would most probably be legal. But it is not.
So a lot of people suffer needlessly in this respect. Take for example the idea in some Muslim countries
that women should be covered from head to toe, a woman wearing jeans is committing a crime, etc.

Crime is not just a lower-class issue. There are many crimes committed by the wealthy and powerful
too, including sex crimes, financial crimes and environmental crimes, like illegally dumping toxic waste,
or insider trading.

There will never be a society that is free from crime, simply because it would need everyone in that
society to think in exactly the same way, believe in exactly the same things and have exactly the same
goal. Even in a homogenous society, this is impossible. So crime is normal.

Poorer people seem to be over represented in the Criminal Justice System. The US Sociologist Robert
Merton worked out what he termed the “Theory of Anomie” which goes a long way to explaining why
poor people commit more crimes than rich people. According to Merton, society decides what the goals
are for the people participant in society. So for instance the idea that wealth the most important thing.
You can tell how successful someone is by the car they drive, the bling they wear, the kind of home they
live in. At the same time, society provides an acceptable means to attain this wealth - work hard at
school, get a good job, be good at your job.

However, this acceptable means is harder for some people than it is for others, and nearly impossible
for many. If someone is born into a poor neighbourhood, to struggling parents, goes to a bad school etc,
they are not very likely to end up being wealthy by using the acceptable means. Yet society scorns those
who do not live up to its expectations. How often are poor people called lazy, stupid, dumb, low IQ,
having no ambition and so on? So these people who have no hope of achieving societal goals and put
under this immense pressure to achieve the goals are very likely going to turn to crime to do it.

Further, children in places where crime is rife are likely to model themselves on the most successful
people in their neighbourhood, which would be the leader of the gang, a drug dealer, a pimp and so on.

And yes, there are exceptions to the rule. There are people who pull themselves up out of poverty. But it
is a superhuman effort that is impossible for mere mortals. So it is society which places the burden on its
people, but is not giving them a fair means of achieving the goal, through racism or poverty.
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Nationality: French
Known for: Modern theories of probabilities.
Mathematician and phycisist who is credited with making the first usable calculator, called the
Pascaline. He published a treatise on projective geometry and is known for his work in mathematical
probability theories. Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic
theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen.

Born: 19 June 1623, Clermont-Ferrand, France

Died: 19 August 1662, Paris, France
Influenced: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Henri Bergson.
Influenced by: René Descartes, Michel de Montaigne.

Quotes
We know the truth, not only by the reason, but also by the heart.
The eternal silence of these infinite spaces fills me with dread.
Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do
it from religious conviction.
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)
Nationality: Russian
Known for: Periodic Table
Published Principles of Chemistry in 1869 which detailed his work in arranging the various elements
accordig to their atomic mass. He is also credited with introducing the metric system to the Russian
Empire.

Born: 8 February 1834, Tobolsk, Russia

Died: 2 February 1907, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Full name: Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
Known for: Formulating the Periodic table of chemical elements
Education: Saint Petersburg State University (1855–1856), Saint Petersburg State University (1850–
1855), Heidelberg University
Children: Lyubov Blok, Olga Mendeleeva, Vasily Mendeleev, Vladimir Mendeleev, Maria
Mendeleeva, Ivan Mendeleev.

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor. He formulated the Periodic Law,
created a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements, and used it to correct the properties of
some already discovered elements and also to predict the properties of eight elements yet to be
discovered.
Thomas Graham (1805-1869)
Nationality: Scottish
Known for: Invented the dialysis process for kidneys

Born: 20 December 1805, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Died: 16 September 1869, London, United Kingdom
Education: The University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow
Awards: Copley Medal, Royal Medal, Royal Society Bakerian Medal
Known for: Graham's law, Dialysis
Nationality: Scottish, British

Chemist who studied the diffusion of gasses. He coined Graham’s Law and also developed the process of
dialysis, which is still used in medical facilities today. Graham is also credited with being the founder of
colloid chemistry.

The son of a prosperous manufacturer, Graham entered the University of Glasgow in 1819, at the age of
fourteen, and was convinced by the lectures of Thomas Thomson that his calling lay in the field of
chemistry. His father, who wanted him to become a minister of the Church of Scotland, was opposed to
this choice of vocation, but Graham received encouragement and help from his mother and sister.
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
Nationality: New Zealand
Known for: The Father of Nuclear Physics
Physicist and chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his work with exploring radioactive
substances. He also had a chemical element named after him rutherfordium which is synthetic and
radioactive.

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS HFRSE LLD, was a New Zealand-born British
physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. Encyclopaedia Britannica considers
him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday. Wikipedia

Born: 30 August 1871, Brightwater, New Zealand

Died: 19 October 1937, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Awards: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Copley Medal, Franklin Medal.
Children: Eileen Mary Rutherford Fowler
Nationality: New Zealand, British, Canadian
Discoveries: Rutherford model, Proton, Atomic nucleus.
Otto Hahn (1879-1968)
Nationality: German
Known for: Helped discover nuclear fission
Known as the “Father of Nuclear Chemistry,” Hahn studied extensively the topics of radioactivity and
radiochemistry. He was also a peace activist during WWII.

Otto Hahn was a German chemist and pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. Otto
Hahn discovered nuclear fission in 1938. He is referred to as the father of nuclear chemistry. He was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 for the discovery and the radiochemical proof of nuclear
fission.

Born: 8 March 1879, Frankfurt, Germany

Died: 28 July 1968, Göttingen, Germany
Spouse: Edith Junghans (m. 1913–1968)
Awards: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Max Planck Medal.
Education: Philipps-University Marburg, Humboldt University of Berlin
Children: Hanno Hahn