LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET TECHNOLOGY AND

LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Maintain Hand Tools, Drawing Tools, Equipment and Paraphernalia

INFORMATION SHEET No. 1

Maintenance is the process of maintaining or preserving someone or something, or the

state of being maintained.
Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance) is maintenance that is regularly
performed on a piece of equipment to lessen the likelihood of it failing. It is performed while

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the equipment is still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly.
Corrective maintenance is a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate, and rectify a
fault so that the failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to an operational
condition within the tolerances or limits established for in-service operations
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not

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endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use.
We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and
can result in injury.

The successful maintenance program is:

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• well organized and scheduled,
• controls hazards,
• defines operational procedures, and
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• trains key personnel.
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The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend
on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific
inspection and maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different
maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power tools
should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits
are replaced when needed and those guards or other safety devices are operable and any
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damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced.

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Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service. Most
manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies
typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or
leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may
be included in the leasing agreement.

General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:

• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer

• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed
mechanic)
 • Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted Specifying who is responsible for
overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are kept. Set up a system for
removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment.

The Growth of Interest in Maintenance

The factors contributing to the rapidly growing interest in maintenance are:

1. Technological development
This trend leads to a more mechanized and automated Technological development

equipment, resulting in great productive potential which must be kept working. This means
that training facilities are becoming more complicated and required more advanced

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maintenance.

2. Increasingly expensive raw materials

Finite raw materials, in combination with a growing population and increasing
assumption, inevitably result in higher raw material prices. Unavoidably, the costs of all by-

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products must rise. It is therefore often more profitable to maintain existing equipment than
purchase new ones.

3. Greater complication
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A complicated facility of piece of equipment includes many components, any or all of
which can constitute possible sources of trouble. Although the operational reliability of each
individual component may be very high, it is necessary to multiply reliability factor of all
components that are dependent on each other in a system in order to arrive at the total system
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reliability.

4. Increased fixed costs

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Capital costs constitute a considerable part of the total costs of training and must be
covered by the added value created. If training stops as a result of inadequate maintenance,
capital costs (depreciation) must still be paid, so that the standstill results in a net loss. Still,
the salaries and overhead expenses must be paid while training is stopped.

5. Reduce delayed activities and eradicate uncompleted work

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Many work processes depend on an uninterrupted flow of activities to produce desired

result. If an activity is delayed, the entire work stops. If all the facilities and equipment are
reliable working well, work delay can be reduced.
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6. Environmental concern
The growing quantity of electronic wastes (monitors, laptops, cellular phones, other
electronic gadgets and its substances), the increasing use of chemicals such as cleaning
agents, paints, fuel and its derivatives, the by-products created from its use, and its disposal,
pose danger to the environment and all living things.

Mass awareness on waste management brings the relevance of conserving the

natural resources and the products (machines, tools) thru proper maintenance to lengthen
its useful

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Proper Care and Maintenance of Drawing Tools and Materials

It is essential to take proper care of the drafting tools, materials, and equipment.
Below are some tips to properly use and take care of them.

Drawing Board
1. Do not use the drawing board for any other purposes than for drawing
2. The surface of the drawing board must be in good condition. Do not use sharp objects like
knife to cut on it.
3. Always clean the drawing board before use.
4. Cover drawing board surface with paper or cardboard after use.

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T-Square
1. T-square should not be used as walking stick.
2. The blade must be straight at angle 900 to the stock.
3. Always clean the T-square before using it.

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Set of Drawing Instruments
1. They must not be used for other purposes other than their primary functions.
2. Do not use compass and divider to hold paper.
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3. Do not use compass and divider to fight.

Set square, Protractor, French Curve and Scale Rule/ Metric Rule
1. Do not place heavy load on them to prevent breakage
2. Do not use sharp objects to cut on their edges.
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3. Store them in a safe place.
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Drawing Pencil
1. Drawing pencil should be kept in a pencil packet after use.
2. Pencil points must be pointed.

Other Tools
All other tools should be stored in a cupboard to prevent damage.
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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
Maintain Hand Tools, Drawing Tools, Equipment and Paraphernalia

INFORMATION SHEET No. 2

SAFETY PROCEDURE IN USING HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

The use of hand tools in accomplishing tasks and job orders greatly increase the
productivity and accuracy of a worker. Although hand tools provide convenience and ease in
completing any task, it may also cause injuries and infirmities if used incorrectly. Safety
procedures must always be a priority in any workplace so that the security of all is assured.

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A worker must always be aware of the task he must accomplish so that he would know
the hand tools that he needs. Choosing the correct tools for a specific task will reduce the
chance of inflicting bodily injuries. Selecting the wrong tool may damage the tool itself and
harm the user. Reading the operational procedures of a particular tool is greatly advised.

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Different types of tools can be utilized differently. Listed below are some of the ways
to utilize these tools but also maintain safety in using them:
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Procedures in Cleaning, Tightening and Simple Repair for Hand tools, Equipment and
Paraphernalia

1. Cleaning the tools after use is highly recommended.

2. All tools and equipment must be placed in a clean and dry place.
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3. The work area must always be kept neat and tidy.
4. Lubricants must also be applied after tightening to reduce the friction.
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5. Before cleaning any tool, be sure to wear the proper personal protective equipment
(PPE). Gloves, masks and goggles are usually worn when cleaning tools since most
cleaning agents and solutions are harmful to the human body.
6. Only use cleaning agents as prescribed by the tool or equipment’s manufacturer.
Follow the cleaning procedures as well to make sure that no damage will be inflicted
on the tools.
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Work space must also be observed properly. The possibility of harm and injuries is greatly
increased by an unsafe workplace. One must always be aware of the hazards that are present
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in the work area. The space available in the workplace also influences the efficiency and
accuracy of using a hand tool. Working in a tight space may require to use a different set of
tools that would fit in the limited area.

Correct posture must be practiced when using hand tools. Awkward postures make more
demands on your body. In some cases, the placement of the work piece will affect your
shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, or back posture. Whenever possible, choose an ergonomic tool
that requires the least continuous force and can be used without awkward postures. The right
tool will help you to minimize pain and fatigue by keeping your neck, shoulders, and back
relaxed and your arms at your sides.
Use the proper personal protective equipment or PPE necessary to protect you from
exposure to potential hazards. PPEs are specialized gear used to protect the worker from
falling objects, loud noises, sharp edges, dust and particles, and hazardous chemicals.
Wearing a PPE while working will greatly decrease the chances of injuries and discomforts.

REMEMBER: Occupational safety and health procedures are not the sole task of the
management. Everyone in the workplace must be vigilant and smart so that accidents and
unwanted damages will be avoided.
Source: https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/index.html

References for learners

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Technology and Livelihood Education, Technical Drafting, Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 4 pp. 1-18,

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module

MECHANICAL DRAFTING (EXPLORATORY COURS) pp. 4-22

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Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City
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