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Impact of Tourism on the Environment (Marathi)

Conference Paper · July 2018

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Dr-Rajendra Bagate
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
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Email – bagate.rajendra3@gmail.com
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ekuo gk tUer% Hkze.k”khy izk.kh vkgs- uouohu LFkGkaps vkd’kZ.k vlY;kus lrr izokl
dj.;kph ykylk vlrs- R;kpcjkscj uSlfxZd ?kVdkus osGksosGh ekuokyk izokl dj.;kl ijko`r dsys
vkgs- euq’; vkiys thou lq[k le`/n dj.;kP;k mÌs”kkus Hkze.k djr vlrks- rlsp ekuoke/khy vlysyh
ftKklk] vkoM ;keqGs izokl djrks ;kpkp vFkZ i;ZVu gks;- ekuokP;k Hkze.k dk;kZrwu i;ZVu m|ksx
ok<hl ykxyk- Hkkjrke/;s “ksrh O;olk;kuarjpk izeq[k O;olk; Eg.kwu Ik;ZVu m|ksx ok<r vkgs- i;ZVu
gk ,d vlk O;olk; vkgs tks dh yksdakuk Ik;ZVu LFkGkdMs vkdf’kZr dj.ks] R;kauk Ik;ZVu LFkGki;Zar
iksgpo.ks] foJke O;oLFkk] Hkkstu O;oLFkk dj.ks] euksjatu dj.ks rlsp R;kP;k eqG jkgrk LFkGh
iksgkspo.ks bR;knh”kh lacaf/kr vkgs-

vk/kqfud i;ZVu gk >ikV;kus fodlhr gks.kkjk tkxfrd Lrjkojpk vR;ar egRokpk m|ksx vkgs-
Hkkjrklkj[;k fodlu”khy ns”kkyk ijdh; pyu feGowu nsmu R;kph vkfFkZd fLFkrh HkDde dj.kkjk]
Ik;kZ;kus vkS|ksfxd fodklkph o`/nh dj.kkjk m|ksx Eg.kwu R;kyk loZnwj ekU;rk feGkyh vkgs- y{kko/kh
yksdkauk uksd&;k o jkstxkj feGowu nsmu R;kaps thoueku mapko.kkjk m|ksx Eg.kwu lkekftd
fodklkP;k izfdz;sr R;kps eksykps ;ksxnku vkgs- Ik;ZVd o Ik;ZVu O;kolkf;dkaP;k ekxkZr ;s.kk&;k vuar
vMp.khaoj ekr djr gk m|ksx fodlkhr gksr pkyysyk fnlrks- Ik;ZVu m|ksxkeqGs vkfFkZd o lkekftd
fodklkyk pkyuk feGrs- uksdjh jkstxkjkph lk/kus miyC/k >kkY;keqGs euq’;cGkpk fodkl lk/krk ;srks-
txkP;k osxosxG;k Hkkxkr jkg.kk&;k ykdlewgkae/;s lketL;kps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k Ogk;yk enr gksrs-
Ik;ZVukP;k Qk;|kacÌy v”kh fo/kkus okjaokj dsyh tkrkr o cÚ;kp va”kh rh [kjhgh vkgsr-

20 O;k “krdkr >kikV;kus fodlhr gksr xsysY;k Ik;ZVukeqGs fodklkP;k vusd la/kh miyC/k
gksr xsY;k r”kk vusd leL;kgh mRiUu >kkY;k ;k leL;k Ik;ZVd ftFks eksB;k la[;sus xnhZ d# ykxys
gksrs v”kk vfodlhr ns”kkrp uOgs rj vxnh izxr fodflr ns”kkargh mH;k jkfgY;k- vfu;af=r
vfu;ksftr Ik;ZVukeqGs Ik;ZVuLFkGkaph vkd’kZ.ks yksi ikor tkrhy o vkt frFks /kko ?ks.kkjk Ik;ZVdkapk
1
yksa<k m|k R;kaP;kadMs ikB fQjowu nqljhdMs fu?kwu tkbZy gs m”khjk dk gksbZuk lokZaP;kp y{kkr vkys-
Ik;ZVu fodflr Ogk;yk gos i.k R;krwu lkaLd`frd] lkekftd o Ik;kZoj.kfo’k;d leL;k mH;k jkgw u;sr
o r”kk R;k jkfgY;kp rj R;kaps izek.k fdeku vlkos vlk fopkj iq<s ;sr xsyk-

Ik;ZVu gk /kwezfojfgr m|ksx ekuyk xsyk vkgs- rjh vk/kqfud Ik;ZVukeqGs brj m+|ksxkizek.ksp
vusd izdkjP;k leL;kph tls ty] ok;w] Hkweh] /ouh] [kk|inkFkZ ,o<sp dk; {k&fdj.k iznw’k.kkph
mRiRrh gksrs- brj m|ksxkryk ;a= r=kapk ok<rk izHkko Ik;ZVu m+|ksxkrgh f”kjyk vkgs- gokbZ] ty] jsYos
o egkekxZ ;k nG.koG.kkP;k ;kaf=d lk/kukaeqGs tkxfrd iznw’k.kkr lkrR;kus Hkj iMr jkgrs- iznq’k.kxzLr
“kgjkr jkgwu =Lr >kkysY;k Ik;ZVdkyk goh vlrs rkth “kq/n gok] LoPN ifjlj vkf.k “kkarrk vuqHkow
ns.kkjh fulxZjE;rk- i.k ,[kk|k Ik;ZVuLFkGh fodklkph izfdz;k lq# >kyh dh T;k fulxZlkSan;kZyk brj
Ik;ZVdkaph xnhZ frFks yksVw ykxysyh vlrs rs fp=p cnyw ykxrs- [kkuikux`gs] ckxcfxps] xkM;kalkBh
Fkkacs v”kk Ik;ZVuklkBh vko”;d lqfo/kkaph frFks >ikV;kus ok< gksm ykxrs- ex LQksVds ykowu Mksaxj
[kksnys tkrkr] o`{k rksMyh tkrkr] ik;kHkwr lqfo/kk iqjo.;kP;k gO;klkik;h lkSan;Zn`’Vh] f”kLrhpk cGh
fnyk tkrks- ;keqGs Ik;ZVu o Ik;kZoj.kkps ukrs fnolsafnol fc?kMr pkyys vkgs-

T;k ifjljkr] fulxkZP;k lgoklkr vki.k txrks] tx.;klkBh ts ts vo”;d vkgs rs rs vki.k
HkjHk#u R;k dMwu ?ksr vlrks- d/kh fodklkP;k rj d/kh lq/kkj.ksP;k ukok[kkyh vki.k R;koj vfrdze.k
djrks vkf.k R;kyk gkuh iksporks- i;ZVukrgh Vwfj>e bUQzkLVªDpjP;k fodlklkBh fulXkkZoj gYys
gksrkr- lq#ax ykowu igkM mMoys tkrkr- taxykph vifjehr rksM gksrs- fulxkZP;k lkfu/;kr fQjr
vlrkuk vki.k ;kps Hkku lrr Bsoys ikfgts- fulxZ vkgs Eg.kwu vki.k vkgksr] fulxZ vkgs Eg.kwu i;ZVu
vkgs- Hkze.k djrkuk fulXkkZcÌy rlsp LFkkfud yksdkacÌy vknjkph Hkkouk vkiY;k eukr vlyh ikfgts]
R;kizek.ks R;k Hkkxkr vl.kk&;k brj Ik;ZVdkacÌygh rh vlyh ikfgts- vki.k mÌkei.ks okxyks]
fulxkZP;k fo#/n xsyks rj R;pk QVdk Hkkoh dkGkr vkiY;kyk o vkiY;k iq<P;k fi<;kauk cl.kkj
vkgs- folkO;k “krdkP;k mRrjk/kkZr i;ZVu gk ekuokPkk ,d egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd O;olk; cuysyk vkgs- ;k
O;olk;kps oSf”kV;s Eg.kts txkrhy fodlhr fodlu”khy v”kk nksUgh izdkjP;k jk’Vªkae/;s R;kpk fodkl
gksr vkgs- nql&;k egk;q/nkuarj tkxfrd i;ZVu fodklkyk fo”ks’k pkyuk feGkyh] dkj.k okgrqdhP;k
fofo/k lk/kukapk fo”ks’kr% gokbZ okgrqdhpk izlkj ;k dkGkr >kyk- dehr deh osGsr txkP;k dks.kR;kgh
izns”kkr iksgp.ks ;keqGs “kD; >kys- ;k “krdkP;k mRrjk/kkZr ok<rs ukxjhdj.k] vk|ksfxdj.k] jkg.kheku]
f”k{k.kkpk izlkj o brj m|ksxkaP;k fodklkeqGs i;ZVukyk pkyuk feGkyh] ;krwu i;ZVu gk tkxfrd
O;olk; cuysyk vkgs- i;ZVukps vkfFkZd egRo y{kkr ?ksmu txkrhy fodflr o fodlu”khy v”kk

2
nksUgh jk’Vªkae/;s i;ZVu m+|ksxkyk izksRlkgu fnys tkr vkgs- Hkkjrke/;s i;ZVukl la;ksftr #i fczfV”k
dky[kaMkr izkIr >kkys- Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkY;kuarj Hkkjr ljdkjus Ik;ZVu O;olk;kps egRo y{kkr
?ksmu VII;k VII;kus i;ZVu fodklkyk izk/kkU; fnys- i;ZVukps vkfFkZd egRo vksG[kwu Hkkjrkrhy izR;sd
jkT; rsFkhy Ik;ZVu O;olk;kyk pkyuk ns.;kps dke djhr vkgs- Ik;ZVu gk vkfFkZd O;olk; vlwu
izR;sd jk’Vª vkiY;k vkfFkZd fodklklkBh Ik;ZVu O;olk;kr lgHkkxh gksr vkgs- Ik;ZVukeqGs vkfFkZd
fodkl gksrks vls ukgh rj R;krwu lk/kulaiRrhpk okij] LFkkfud yksdkauk jkstxkj] ijns”kh pyukph
izkIrh] Ik;ZVu LFkGkapk fodkl] jk’Vªh; ,dkRersr ok< v”kk vusd xks’Vh lk/kY;k tkrkr- Ik;ZVukpk
fodkl gksr vlrkauk dsoG Ik;ZVu dsanzkpk fodkl gksr ukgh rj gh fodklkph izfdz;k laiw.kZ izns”k] ns”k]
lektkoj ifj.kke djr vlrs- rlsp Ik;ZVu O;olk; vusd {ks+=koj ifj.kke djr vlrks- izkeq[;kus
Ik;ZVukps vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLd``frd o Ik;kZoj.k ?kVdkaoj ifj.kke igko;kl feGrkr- gs ifj.kke
vuqdwy o izfrdwy v”kk nksUgh izdkjps vkgsr- ;k ifj.kkekaph O;kIrh O;Drhiklwu rs jk’Vªki;Zar vlrs-

la’kks/kukps mÌs’k%
1- Hkkjrkrhy Ik;ZVukP;k fodklkpk vk<kok ?ks.ks-
2- Ik;ZVukeqGs Ik;kZoj.kkoj gks.kkÚ;k ifj.kkekapk “kks/k ?ks.ks-
Lak’kks/ku Ik/nrh%
izLrqr la”kks/kuklkBh izkeq[;kus nq¸;e L=ksrkapk okij dj.;kr vkysyk vlwu ;ke/;s izdkf”kr]
vizdkf”kr fy[kku] lanHkZxzFk] fu;rdkfyds] lkIrkfgds] ekflds] orZekui=s] baVjusV bR;knhapk okij
dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs-
Hkkjrkr Ik;ZVukpk fodkl%

Hkkjrkr Ik;ZVukyk vkfFkZd m|ksxkP;k Lo#ikr fLodkj dsys vkgs-1949 e/;s Tourist Traffic
Branch ph LFkkiuk Hkkjr ljdkjus dsyh- ;kpk mÌs”k Ik;ZVuke/;s ok< gks.;klkBh okgrwd lwfo/kk
fodlhr dj.ks gk gksrk- Ik;ZVuklac/kh osxosxG;k laLFkk LFkkiuseqGs ns”kke/;s Ik;ZVukpk fodkl
dj.;ke/;s [kwi enr dsyh vkgs- osxosxG;k iapokf’kZd ;kstuse/;s Ik;ZVukP;k fodklkyk [kqi egRokps
LFkku fnys xsys-

Lokra«;kuarj Ik;ZVukP;k fodklkdMs dkgh o’ksZ y{k fnys xsys ukgh- ifgY;kank nql&;k iapokf’kZd
;kstuse/;s vkfFkZd iS”kkph O;oLFkk dsyh xsyh- uarj ;k fu/khe/;s eksB;k izek.kkr ok< gksr xsyh- 1982
e/;s Ik;ZVu izksRlkgu fu/khph ?kks’k.kk dsyh xsyh- lkrO;k iapokf’kZd ;kstuse/;s Ik;ZVukyk eksBs Lo#i
ns.;kr vkys- 1989 e/;s Ik;ZVu ;kstuslkBh fu/kh miyC/k dj.;kP;k mÌs”kkus [kktxh {ks=kP;k enrhus
3
Ik;ZVu fodklkoj Hkj ns.;kr vkys- uoO;k iapokf’kZd ;kstusP;k dkyko/khe/;s dkgh uohu ;kstuk vkf.k
dkgh uohu dk;Zdze ns[khy pkyoys xsys- 10 O;k iapokf’kZd ;kstuse/;s Ik;ZVu {ks=kr ns.;kr ;s.kkjh
jk”kh 2900 dksVh ns.;kr vkyh-

egkjk"Vªkrhy Ik;ZVukpk fodkl%

Ik;ZVu LFkGkP;k n`’Vhus egkjk’Vªkpk fopkj dsyk vlrk ;sFkhy uSlfXkZd lkSan;Z] /kkfeZd egRo]
vkLFkk] eafnjs] lkaLd`frd okjlk] ,sfrgkfld le`/nh ;k loZ ?kVdkeqGs egkjk’Vªkus HkkjrkP;k o txkP;k
udk”kkoj vkiys LFkku fl/n dsys vkgs- dkgh Ik;ZVu LFkGs fodlhr >kkysyh ukghr- ;k Ik;ZVu LFkGkP;k
fodklkP;k n`f’Vus iz;Ru dsys tkr vkgsr- T;k i/nrhus Ik;ZVu LFkGkdMs m|ksxkP;k n`’Vhus fopkj
djk;yk gok brdk dsyk xsyk ukgh- ,dw.kp egkjk’Vªkph ik”oZHkweh ikfgyh vlrk ;sFks Ik;ZVukP;k n`’Vhus
[kwi oko vkgs-

egkjk’Vªkr Ik;ZVu fodklklkBh Ik;ZVu lapkyuky;kph LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh- egkjk’Vªkrhy gs

Ik;ZVu fodlklkBh mpyysys ifgys ikmy gks;- 1975 e/;s egkjk’Vª Ik;ZVu fodkl egkeaMG LFkkiu
dj.;kr vkys- ;k eaMGkP;k ek/;ekrwu jkT;kr fBdfBdk.kh fuokl lks; dsyh vkgs- rlsp lgyhlkBh
egkeaMGkus dkgh clxkM;k ns[khy miyC/k dsY;k vkgsr- egkjk’Vªkrhy fdYY;kapk Ik;ZVu LFkGs Eg.kwu
mi;ksx dj.;klkBh lq#okr dsyh vkgs-

Ik;ZVukps i;kZoj.kkojhy ifj.kke%

ekuokP;k lHkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkrhyk Ik;kZoj.k vls Eg.krkr- tehu] gok] ik.kh] ouLirh] izk.kh]
[kfuts bR;knh xks’Vh Ik;kZoj.kkps ?kVd vkgsr- ekuo gk lq/nk Ik;kZoj.kkpk ,d ?kVd vlrks- Ik;ZVu gk
ekuoh O;olk; vlY;kus ;k Ik;ZVu O;olk;koj lHkksorkyP;k Ik;kZoj.kkoj ifj.kke gksrks- i.k
Ik;ZVukpkgh Ik;kZoj.kkoj ifj.kke gksr tkrks- Ik;ZVu dsanzs tj uSlfxZd lkSan;kZps fBdk.k vlsy rj v”kk
fBdk.kh Ik;ZVukl ;s.kk&;k Ik;ZVdkauk fulxkZpk vkLokn ?ksrk ;kok ;klkBh tk.khoiwoZd iz;Ru dsys
tkrkr- Ik;ZVukP;k fBdk.kh fulxZjE; okrkoj.k r;kj dj.;klkBh o`{k ykxoM dj.ks] ckx r;kj dj.ks]
;keqGs Ik;ZVu LFkGkps lkSan;Z rj ok<rsp i.k Ik;kZoj.kkpk lerksy jkg.;kl enr gksrs- Ik;ZVukps
Ik;kZoj.kkoj tls pkaxys ifj.kke gksrkr rls okbZVgh gksrkr- ,[kk|k Ik;ZVu fBdk.kkPkk fodkl djr
vlrkuk rsFkhy tehu mdj.ks] o`{krksM bR;knh xks’Vh djkO;k ykxrkr- ;kpk ifj.kke rsFkhy Ik;kZoj.kkoj
gksr vlrks- vusd egRokP;k Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fBdk.kh eksB;k izek.kkr fuokLFkkus] migkjx`g o [kktxh

4
caxY;kaP;k fufeZrhlkBh eksB;k izek.kkr oulainsph rksM.kh dj.;kr ;srs ;keqGs ;sFkhy Ik;kZoj.kkpk &gkl
gksr pkyysyk vkgs- ,danjhr Ik;ZVukps Ik;kZoj.kkoj pkaxys o okbZV ifj.kke gksrkuk fnlrkr-

Ik;ZVu o Ik;kZoj.kkps iznq’k.k

vusd frFkZ{ks= fdaok eafnj ifjljke/;s tydqaM] unh v”kk fBdk.kh gtkjks Ik;ZVd Luku djrkr
R;keqGs gs ik.kh v”kq/n gksrs vkf.k fi.;lkBh ;kp ik.;kpk okij dsyk tkrks ;keqGs osxosxGs jksx
gks.;kph laHkkouk fuekZ.k gksrs- rlsp eafnjkP;k ifjljkr o jLR;kP;k dMsus Ik;ZVdkaeqGs eksB;k izek.kkr
dpjk fuekZ.k gksrks- cjsp fnol gk dpjk mpyyk tkr ukgh- R;keqGs nqxZa/kh iljrs- ,dizdkjs Ik;ZVu
LFkGkyk dp&;kps Lo#i izkIr >kkY;klkj[ks okVrs- c&;kp Ik;ZVu LFkGkP;k fBdk.kh “kkSpky;kph lks;
ulY;keqGs ifjlj iznqf’kr gksrks-

Ik;ZVukeqGs fuekZ.k gks.kk&;k Ik;kZoj.kkP;k leL;k lek/kkuklkBh Ik;ZVu LFkGkps fu;kstu dj.ks
vko”;d vkgs- dks.kR;kgh Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fBdk.kh Ik;ZVdka}kjs iznq’k.k gks.kkj ukgh- ;k i/nrhph dkGth
?ks.ks vko”;d vkgs- Ik;ZVdkauk vko”;d vl.kk&;k lqfo/kk miyC/k d#u iznq’kk.kklkj[;k leL;k
lksMfork ;srhy- loZizFke Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fBdk.kh “kkSpky;kph lqfo/kk] lkaMik.;kph ;ksX; foYgsokV
ykowu tyiznq’k.kkps fu;a=.k djkos ykxsy- rlsp dqaMke/;s] unhe/;s fdaok foghjhe/;s iznqf’kr ?kVd
dsjdpjk fuekZ.k gks.kkj ukghr ;kph dkGth ?;koh ykxsy- vkiY;k fu’dkGthi.kkeqqGs Ik;ZVu LFkGh
VkdysY;k IyWfLVdP;k fi”kO;kaeqGs vkt fdR;sd izk.kh] typj l`’Vh e`R;qeq[kh iMr vkgs- 1990 lkyh
iz[;kr fte dkcsZV jk’Vªh; m|kukr dkgh gj.ka vpkud esyh- “kofoPNsnukuarj vls y{kkr vkys fd]
cstckcnkj Ik;ZVdkauh IyWfLVdP;k fi”kO;krwu Vkdysys [kk|inkFkZ R;k fu’iki izk.;kauh IyWfLVdlfgr
[kkYys gksrs- vki.k QDr fg ,d ckreh vkgs vls letwu nqyZ{k djrks-

vkt Ik;ZVu djrkuk vkiY;k vktqcktqph uSlfxZd laiRrh] izk.khthoukyk iksgp.kkjk /kksdk]
fulxkZph vueksy nkSyr] oulaiRrhpk gO;kl] vHk;kj.;kr ;s.kk&;k okgukaP;k vkotkus oU;
izk.khthokauk gks.kkjk O;R;;] okguk[kkyh lkiMwu ej.kkjs oU;tho ;kaph dkGth ?ksryh ikfgts- Ik;ZVu
Eg.kts Ik;kZoj.kkph gkuh uOgs gs lokZuh y{kkr ?ksrys ikfgts- ekulkph gko fnolsafnol ok<rp pkyyh
vkgs- rks jktjksli.ks >kkMkaph dRry djhr lqVyk vkgs- gYyh leqnzkr eklsekjh dj.kk&;k ePNhekjkauk
R;kaP;k tkG;kr fdR;sd VukP;k IyWfLVdP;k fi”kO;k lkiMr vkgsr] dj[kkU;kps jklk;fjd lkaMik.kh
unh] [kkMhe/;s lksMys tkrs- g;k iznqf’kr ik.;keqGs lkjh unh fdaok [kkMh iznqf’kr gksrs vkf.k unhdkBh
ekls e#u iMysys fnlrkr-

5
 vkt fdR;sd Ik;ZVu LFkGh Lokra«;kP;k ukok[kkyh /kqMxql pkyyk vkgs- lgy EgVys fd e|iku
vkysp ¼viokn oxGwu½- e|ikukpk vkLokn ?ksmu >kkY;koj VkdysY;k ckVY;kapk [kp] [kk|inkFkZ]
IyWfLVdpk dpjk gs n`’; vkt loZ= fnlr vkgs- dkgh fBdk.kkauk Ik;ZVu LFkGkapk ntkZ ykHkY;kus rsFks
ekuofufeZr minzo ;k LFkGkaph “kkarrk o lkaSan;Z fc?kMor vkgs- iznq’k.kkpk lac/k Ik;ZVuk”kh tksMyk tkrks-
Ik;ZVdkr vusdnk fx;kZjksgd vlrkr rs o Mckcan [kk|inkFkZ vk.k.kkjs Ik;ZVd R;k R;k inkFkkZpk okij
>kkY;kuarj vkiY;k f”kfcjkuthd o eqDdkekP;k fBdk.kh Vkdwu nsrkr- MCC;kaph o IyWfLVd os’Vukaph
oklykr yko.;kph fde;k fulxkZr gksr ulY;kus v”kk inkFkkZps <hxP;k <hx vusd fBdk.kh tek gksr
tkrkr- fgeky;krhy o vkYIl ioZrkrhy vusd f”k[kjkaP;k ik;F;kyxr v”kk inkFkkZps <hx tek >kkysys
vkgsr- ijns”kkr ,sfrgkfld okLrwaph o O;Drhaph Ik;ZVdkauh dsysyh vourh jk’Vªh; vieku letrkr rj
vkiY;kdMs v”kk d`R;kadMs iqjksxkeh o`Rrhus ikfgys tkrs-

vkrk Ik;ZVu LFkGh gksr vlysyh ?kk.k o R;kT; inkFkkZaph o dp&;kaph IyWfLVd inkFkkZph
oklykr d”kh] dksBs] ykok;ph o gs djhr vlrkauk dehr deh iznq’k.k dls gksbZy ;kpk fopkj
vH;kldkauh dj.ks vko”;d vlwu rs lq# >kysys vkgs- R;keqGs “kklukl enrp gksbZy- iznq’k.k gh
lkekftd] vkfFkZd uOgs rj jktdh; leL;kgh vkgs- dMd dk;ns d#ugh dsoG jktkJ;keqGs iznq’k.k
dj.kkjs xUgsxkj lqVRkkr- ijr rsp xqUgs djrkr R;kph Hk;kudrk o fulxkZoj gks.kkjs nq’ifj.kke rKp
tursP;k iq<s ekaMw “kdrkr-

Ik;kZoj.k o Ik;ZVu ;kaps lgthoh ukrs

Ik;ZVu o Ik;kZoj.k lao/kZu ;k nksUgh xks’Vh ,desdkauk iqjd] rkjd vlwu R;kaps ,desdka”kh
lgthoh ukrs vk<Grs- ,[kk|k fBdk.kh vls ijLijthoh ukrs ulY;kl rs fuekZ.k dj.ks vko”;d vkgs-
rs rls fuekZ.k u >kkY;kl dkykarjkus Ik;ZVu O;olk;kyk vkodGk izkIr gksmu rks ukghlk gks.;kph
ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k gksrs- fpRrFkjkjd vj.;kHkksorh fdaok vR;ar vkd’kZd v|kukHkksorh QsjhokY;kauh o
xzkgdkauh Vkdysys [kk| inkFkkZaps <hx] R;k Hkksorh ?kksaxko.kk&;k ek”kk ;keqGs Ik;ZVu O;olk; /kksD;kr
;sow “kdrks- ekuoh gLr{ksi gk izR;sd Ik;ZVu LFkGh gksr vlrksp ijarw R;kr lko/kfxjh ckGxY;kl
fulxkZph gksr vlysyh gkuh VkGY;kl o rh gksr vlrkauk yxsp rh Hk#u dk<Y;kl fulxkZps rk#.;
fVdwu jkgrs- fulxkZpk VoVohri.kk] rk#.; ;k xks’Vh [kjs ikgrk vfouk”kh vkgsr- ijarq ekuoh
gLr{ksikeqGs R;kph vourh gksr vkgs- Ik;kZoj.k ¼izkd`frd o lkaLd`frd½ o R;kps fofo/k ?kVd] Ik;ZVu
fodklkps vk/kkjHkwr ?kVd letys tkrkr- lq;Zizdk”k] lkxj o rVorhZ pkSikV;k ;kf”kok; ,sfrgklhd o
ikSjkf.kd oLrw ;keqGs Ik;ZVd vkdf’kZr gksrkr- gs loZ fulxZfufeZr o ekuofufeZr Ik;kZoj.kkps ?kVd

6
vkgsr- R;kapk fodkl xq.klao/kZu o o/kZu ,desdkauk iqjd vlrkr- ijarq tj vkd’kZd Ik;kZoj.k ulsy rj
Ik;ZVu fodkl gks.ks dBh.k vlrs- uSlfxZd Ik;kZoj.k eksgd ulY;kl Ik;ZVu fodkl gksr ukghp-

Ik;ZVu o tyok;w] fdaok _rqeku o gosph xq.koRrk

Ik;ZVukr izokl yksdkaph gkypky gk egRokpk ?kVd vkgs- Ik;ZVd vkiys ewGLFkku lksMwu brj=
tkrkr- R;keqGs ,[kk|k yksdizh; Ik;ZVuLFkGh Ik;ZVdkaph la[;k Ik;ZVu gaxkekr izpaM izek.kkr ok<rs-
lkgftdp R;kpk ifj.kke R;k LFkGh vlysY;k izk.kok;wP;k okijkoj gksrks o iznq’k.k ok<rs- rsFkhy gosr
vusd vkxarqd ok;qps izek.k ok<rs- ijarq Ik;ZVukpk ok;q&iznq’k.kkoj fdrh o dlk ifj.kke gksrks ;kcÌy
ek= erHksn vkgsr-

Ik;ZVu o oU;izk.kh thou

oU;izk.kh o i”kqi{kh ;kaP;keqGs txkr vusd fBdk.kh Ik;ZVd vkdf’kZr gksrkr- oU;izk.kh taxykr
Hkzearh djhr vlrkuk vxnh toGwu ikg.ks o R;kaP;k lo;hapk vH;kl dj.ks R;kapk ekxksok ?ks.ks o R;kauk
dWes&;kus fVius v”kk xks’Vhr Ik;ZVd jl ?ksrkr- ijarq v”kk loZ xks’Vh dsY;k tkr vlrkauk R;kaP;k
fuoklLFkkukoj vkdze.k gksrs- fuoklLFkkukojp uOgs rj oU;Ik”kqaps Hk{; o [kk| T;k {ks=krqu R;kauk
feGrs R;koj vkdze.k gksrs- T;k foHkkxkrwu ekalHk{kd izk.;kauk brj ygku r`.kHk{kd izk.kh Hk{; Eg.kwu
gos vlrkr rsFks ekuoh vkdze.k >kkY;koj o onZG ok<Y;kuarj xorkpk >kkMikY;kapk uk”k gksrks o
r`.kHk{kd izk.;kaph la[;k ?kVrs o R;keqGs ekalHk{kd izk.;kaph miklekj gksrs-

oU; izk.;kaps R;kaP;k fulxkZ/khu voLFksr voykdu dj.ks gk txkrhy loZp yksdkapk Nan vkgs
vls EgVys rj okoxs gks.kkj ukgh- R;keqGs iwoZ vkfQzdh xorkG izns”kkaP;k lkj[kh jk’Vªh; m|kus Hkkjrkr
ns[kkhy fuekZ.k >kkysyh vkgsr- ijarw R;kps {ks= [kqip e;kZfnr vkgs- ijarw jk’Vªh; m|kukaP;k fBdk.kh
loZp ns”kkr ekuoh onZG ok<Y;kps nq’ifj.kke fnlw ykxys vkgsr- Ik;ZVdkaP;k onZGheqGs izk.;kapk ,dkar
Hkax ikorks R;kpk ifj.kke izk.;kaP;k iztksRiknukoj >kysyk vlwu izk.;kaph la[;k deh gks.;kekxs rs ,d
izeq[k dkj.k letys tkrs-

Ik;ZVukpk Hkw#ikaP;koj gks.kkjk ifj.kke

ioZrh; o VsdM;kaps izns”k] fdukjh izns”k] csVs ;koj Ik;ZVdkaph Hkzearh lrr lq# vlrs R;kpsgh
nq’ifj.kke ojhy rhu Hkw#ikoj o izkeq[;kus rsFkhy [kMdkoj >kysys fnlwu ;srkr- vusd Ik;ZVd o
vH;kld vkiys uko [kMdkoj [kksnrkr R;keqGs lq{e fpjk [kMdkauk iMrkr- leqnzkps vkd’kZ.k

7
ygkui.kkiklwu lokZukp vlrs fdukjh fdaok rVorhZ izns”kkr Ik;ZVdkaP;kf”kok; vH;kldgh eksB;k
izek.kkr ;srkr- R;keqGs rVorhZ ifjljkr onZG ok<rs- ;k onZGhpkgh ?kkrd ifj.kke ifjljkaP;koj gksrks-
fduk&;koj vusd fBdk.kh ik.kFkG tkxk] nynyhps izns”k vlrkr- R;kauk gVowu Ik;ZVdkalkBh m|kus
o fQj.;kP;k tkxk dsY;k tkrkr- ijarw ;k lanHkkZrhy fu;kstu ifjiq.kZ ulY;kus o R;kr vusd =qVh
jkgqu xsY;kus fulxkZph gkuh gksrs- Ik;ZVdkaP;k onZGheqGs fduk&;kojhy ik.kh nwf’kr gksrs- leqnzLuku o
ukSdkfogkjklkBh tk.kk&;k Ik;ZVdkauk vksaxG] nwf’kr ik.;kr vkiyh gkSl Hkkxokoh ykxY;kus R;kauk
jksxjkbZ gks.;kpk /kksdk vlrks-

gGwgGw Hkkjrke/khy fdukjh izns”kkr Ik;ZVdkaph onZG ok<r vlY;kus vkiY;k fduk&;kojhy
ifjljkaph “kksHkk ukgh”kh gks.kkj ukgh o fdukjh ifjlj fudksi jkgrhy v”kh O;oLFkk o fu;kstu dj.ks
vko”;d vkgs- Hkqe/; lkxjkP;k fduk&;kojhy vusd fBdk.kh Ik;ZVdkaP;k fuoklLFkkuke/khy ?kk.k ik.kh
Vkdwu fnY;kus rsFks Qkj eksB;k izek.kkoj iznq’k.k lq# >kkysys vlwu leqnzLUkku dj.;ktksxs ik.kh vkrk
jkfgysys ukgh- v”kk fBdk.kh Luku dsY;koj vusd izdkjps jksx gksrkr- gs izdkj vlsp pkyw jkfgY;kl
Hkwe/; lkxjkps #ikarj *e`r leqnzkr* gksbZy o T;k Ik;ZVu O;olk;keqGs Hkwe/; lkxjkojhy ns”kkauk
vftZrkoLFkk izkIr >kyh rks Ik;ZVu O;olk;gh /kksD;kr ;sbZy-

vusd fBdk.kh Ik;ZVdkaP;k ok<R;k onZGheqGs fduk&;kojhy vkd’kZd dMs dikÚ;kaph /kwi gksr
vlwu dkykarjkus v”kh vkd’kZd Hkw#is] yodj f>twu tk.;kpk laHko vkgs- lkxjkrhy csVkaP;kojgh
Ik;ZVukps ?kkrd ifj.kke gksrkr- lkxjkrhy csVs foLrkjkus ygku vlrkr ijarq rsFks fofo/k jaxh izokG]
“ka[k] f”kaiys] ouLirh v”kh fofo/k izdkjph l`’Vh vlrs- Ik;ZVdkaP;k onZGheqGs o fofo/k fdz;kaP;keqGs
l`’Vhyk [kqip /kksdk iksgprks- eksVkj cksVhe/kqu ik>j.kkÚ;k rsykeqGsgh iznq’k.k ok<wu ouLirh o izk.kh
;kapk uk”k gksrks- csVkaojgh Ik;ZVkaP;k onZGhpk ifj.kke gksrks-

Ik;ZVukpk n`f’Vdks.k] leL;k vkf.k izHkko

Ik;ZVu vkf.k Ik;kZoj.kkpk vU;ksU;lk/kkj.k laca/k vkgs- ,dk mRre Ik;ZVu LFkGkpk fodkl
gks.;klkBh rsFkhy ifjfLFkfrdh vk.kh Ik;kZoj.k pkaxys vl.ks vko”;d vkgs- Ik;kZoj.k ntkZP;k dikrheqGs
Ik;ZVuke/;s Úgkl gksm “ksdrks rj vfu;a=hr Ik;ZVukpk ifj.kke Ik;kZoj.kkpk Úgkl fdaok ntkZfgurk vkgs-

Ik;ZVukus loZ txkrhy Ik;kZoj.kok|kauk ?kksj fparsr ikMysys vkgs- vkjksX;dkjd gok vl.kkjs
fuEu ioZrh; {ks=kae/;s >kMkauk rksMwu gkWVsy] fjlkWV vkf.k ekWYl cufoys tkr vkgsr ;keqGs Ik;kZoj.k
vlarqyu rj fuekZ.k gksrp vkgs- Ik;ZVd osxosxG;k LFkkukaoj vkiY;k osGsyk y{kkr Bsowu vkjke vkf.k

8
euksjatuklkBh Hkze.k djrkr vkf.k cqfu;knh vk/kkjkoj rs vkiyk mRre osG O;rhr dj.;klkBh ;srkr
R;kapk gk O;ogkj vuqphr ukgh- rs v”kk osGh vfiz; gksrks tsOgk rs v”kk LrjkaP;k lqfo?kk izkIr
dj.;klkBh vkxzg djrkr- ts LFkkfud lalk/kukyk {krh iksgporkr vkf.k rs gk vkxzg v”kk rÚgsus
djrkr dh ,d rj LFkkfud yksd mnkl gksmu nqj gksrkr fdaok ;k ikrGhi;Zr iq.kZ djrkr dh
QyLo#i LFkkuhd lkaLd`frd Lo#i #ikarjhr fdaok fod`r gksrs-

lekjksIk%

Ik;ZVu O;olk;ke/;s Ik;ZVdkaph fuokl O;oLFkk] ikfdZxph O;oLFkk o vka?kksGhlkBh xje ik.kh
bR;knh ?kVdkalkBh eksB;k izek.kkr o`{krksM dsyh tkrs- gh o`{krksM fnolsafnol ok<r vlY;keqGs
Ik;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkrh /kksD;kr ;srs dh dk; vls okVrs- ekuokus vkfFkZd ykylsP;k iksVh nSuafnu xjtk
Hkkxfo.;klkBh o`{kkaph rksM pkywp Bsoyh vkgs- v”kk Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fBdk.kh Ik;kZoj.k laj{k.kkps dk;Z u
>kkY;kl dkGkP;k vks?kkr v”kk Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fBdk.kh uSlfxZd lkSan;Z uke”ks’k gksbZy- oSf”k’V;iw.kZ
izk.kh o ouLirh Ik;ZVdkauk Ik;ZVu LFkGh vkd’khZr djrkr- ;k xks’Vhpk folj Ik;ZVu fodkl
egkeaMGkyk iMysyk izd’kkZus tk.korks- “kklukP;k /kksj.kkr Ik;ZVuLFkGh oU; thokaps l[kksy la”kks/ku
d#u ukeh mik; vfLrRokr vk.kyk ikfgts- vktP;k lax.kd ;qxkrhy ekuo Ik;kZoj.kkP;k ÚgklkdMs
nqyZ{k d#u Lor%P;k cq/nh dkS”kY;kP;k vk/kqfud ;qxkkr HkjdVysyk fnlrks- lqanj o eueksgd Ik;ZVu
LFkGs fuekZ.k djko;kph vlY;kl Ik;kZoj.kh; ?kVdkaps laxksiu o tru dzeizkIr vkgs-

Ik;ZVd ;srkr Eg.kwu rjh Ik;ZVuLFkGkP;k ifjljkph fjxjk.kh d#u frFks iznq’k.kkps izek.k dehr
deh Bsoys xsys ikfgts- ekulkP;k izR;sd gkypkyheqGs ok ?kMkeksMheqGs iznq’k.k gks.ks vifjgk;Z vkgs i.k
R;kps izek.k vR;Yi vlkos- Ik;kZoj.k fujksxh vlsy rjp Ik;ZVukpk fodkl “kD; gksbZy- rsOgk Ik;ZVukpk
mi;ksx Ik;kZoj.kkps j{k.k o fodklklkBh dsyk xsyk ikfgts- ukghrj MkWylZ deko.;kP;k gO;klkiksVh
Ik;kZoj.k u’V gksmu tkbZy vkf.k r”kk voLFksr rs MkWylZ rjh vkiY;kyk fdrh fnol iqjrhy\ ;kpk
fopkj dj.;kph xjt fuekZ.k >kkyh vkgs-

9
 lanHkZ%

1- Hkkslys ;”kks/kjk] ¼2005½] *izokl&Ik;ZVukps uos iSyw*] esgrk ifCyf”kax gkml] iq.ks-
2- tk/ko f”kokth nRrk=;] ¼2012½] *dksYgkiwj ftYg;krhy Ik;ZVu % ,d ,sfrgkfld vH;kl*]
vizdkf”kr ih,p-Mh- “kks/k izca/k] bfrgkl foHkkx] f”kokth fo|kihB] dksYgkiwj-
3- Lkq;Zoa”kh lqfuy ikaMqjax ¼2008½]*mLekukckn ftYg;krhy Ik;ZVu LFkGkaP;k fodklkpk HkkSxksfyd
vH;kl*] vizdkf”kr ih,p- Mh- “kks/k izca/k] Hkwxksy foHkkx] MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj ejkBokMk
fo|kihB] vkSjaxkckn-
4- flag oanuk ¼2015½]*nf{k.kh NRrhlx< esa Ik;ZVu % ,d HkkSxksfyd v/;;u*] vizdkf”kr ih,p- Mh-
“kks/k izca/k] Hkwxksy foHkkx] ohj cgknqj flag iwokZPpy fo”ofo|ky;] tSuiqj-
5- Hkkxor v- fo- o tks”kh es?kk ¼1995½] *Ik;ZVu Hkwxksy ¼Hkkx 1½*] v”oes/k izdk”ku] Mksafcoyh iwoZ]
eqacbZ-
6- Hkkxor v- fo- o tks”kh es?kk ¼1995½] *Ik;ZVu Hkwxksy ¼Hkkx 2½*] v”oes/k izdk”ku] Mksafcoyh iwoZ]
eqacbZ-
7- “kqDyk jkts”k] “kqDyk jf”e ¼2009½]*Ik;ZVu Hkwxksy* vtqZu ifCyf”kax gkml] ubZ fnYyh-
8- http://www.manogat.com/node/13996

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