1

eakd2%fkokd
EkgkjkVakrhy nqljk kd Eg.kts ^fkokd*
KkunsoakP;k osGha egkjkVkph jkt/kkuh th
nsofxjh] rsFks ;knooakh; jkensojk; gs jkts
gksrs- ^^rsFk ;nqoakfoyklqA ldG dGk
fuoklqA U;k;krsa ikskh f{krhkqA JhjkepanzqAA**
vls Kkunsoakuh KkusojhP;k lekIrhP;k osGha
EgVys vkgsuarjP;k dkGklaca/kh eksBs uoy vkf.k
vkp;Z okVrs dha] blohlu 1290 uarj
dakgha ikp-lkrksa okkpk dkG yksVyk ukgh(
vo?;k 300 okkP;k xqykefxjhpk brdk
okbZV ifj.kke >kyk dha] ;k egkjkVakr
ejkBkakpsa jkT; vlkos gk fopkj ns[khy ejkBh
eukyk d/kh fkoyk ukgh- ejkBs ljnkjakP;k
toG R;akP;k Lor%P;k
eksBeksBkk QkStk
vlwufg eqlyekuakph pkdjh dj.kakr R;akuh
vk;q;Hkj /kU;rk ekuyh- lxGkakr vkp;Z
vls dha] czk.koxkZP;k cq)hpk O;keksg igk!

^lakizr Hkkjrokkr {kf=;p mjyk ukgh-* vkh

gkdkVh fiV.kkl R;akuh lq:okr dsyh- dso<k
nSonqfoZykl gk! fkotUeki;ZUr egkjkVkph gh
vkh ekufld voLFkk gksrhejkBokMkkP;k
iwoZHkkxakr
futkekkgh]
fotkiwjiklwu dksYgkiwji;ZUr vkf.k e/;
egkjkVakr fotkiwjph vkfnykkgh] nf{k.ksdMs
xksoGdkasMkkph
dqrqckkgh]
fnYyhiklwu
vgenuxji;ZUr egkHk;adj eksxylkk- ;k
lxGkk Hk;kud vtxjkP;k foG[;akr] ^vk*
oklwu clysY;k ;k exjh-lqljhaP;k tcMkakr
vMdysY;k ;k ejkBh lektkyk vkiY;k
vfLroklkBha mBwu mHks jkg.kkpsa lkeF;Zp
mjys uOgrsa- vkk ikoZHkwehoj LojkT;kph
izfrBkiuk gh vf}rh; kfUrdkjh ?kVuk vkgsgk vukdyuh; VkUlQjlhu >kyk- lkjk
euwp ikyVyk- uwru laoRlj vorjyas- t.kwa
jkepanzakuhp iqUgk vorkj ?ksryk- R;akP;k
Hkkasorh iqUgk v;ks/;koklh; xksGk >kys- okuj
lsuk fl) >kyh vkf.k ijokrsP;k dkGkkdq
va/kk;k jk=har LokehfuBspsa vkf.k uSfrdrsP;k

ifjlhespsa gsa lR;;qx dls dk; vorjys!

fopkj d:a tkrak [kjks[kj erh xqax gksrs-

^^ifj=k.kk; lk/kwuak foukkk; p nqrke~

- /keZlaLFkkiukFkkZ; laHkokfe ;qxs ;qxs**

izcG vkedakuk ukeksgje d:u vkiys

flOgklu fuekZ.k dj.kkph ik=rk vkiY;akr
vkgs gs egkjktakuh vkiY;k dr`ZRokus fl)
dsys vkf.k txkP;kfg izR;;kl vk.kwu fnysrCcy rhl oks egkjktakuh vkf.k R;akP;k
vuq;k;akuh vkiY;k vrqyuh; ijkekusa]
vlhe R;kxkusa] vpkV m|ksxkusa] mkqax
egRokdak{ksusa] vukdyuh; lkglkusa] gh xksV
iUgkGxMkP;k os<kkP;k osGha fnlwu vkyh-
eqlyekuh lksph ikGseqGs [k.kwu dk<yhR;akpk ne m[kMyk- laiw.kZ fganqLFkku vkiY;k
lks[kkyh vk.kwu R;kyk bLykeh djk;ps vkh
LoIusa ikg.kkjs vYykps gs mUek kkld]
R;akph LoIusa egkjktakuh ikj /kqGhyk feGfoyhvkh LoIusa ikg.kkph R;akph fgaerp [kpyh-

dkj.k ejkBh lkspk mn; gksu gk paMakkq]

vkrak vkiY;k iw.kZ rstkusa rGiwa ykxyk gksrklfjRirhpsa tG ekstosuk A
e/;kUghapk HkkLdj lkgosuk A
eqBhar oSokuj ekoosuk A
rSlk fkokth u`i ftadosuk AA
vkh egkjktakph vts; izfrek fuekZ.k >kyh
gksrh- ^egkjkt /keZLFkkiuslkBha LojkT; fuekZ.k
djhr vkgsr- rs izkphu jktakP;k ekfydsar
kksHkrhy vls iq.;yksd vkgsr* vkh R;akph
dhfrZ fnxar iljyhdklhdh dyk tkrh A
eFkqjk efLtr cu tkrh A
vxj fkokth u gksrs A
rksa lqr gksr lcdh AA
;equkrhj fuoklh dfo Hkwk.kkpsa gsa oO;]
vxnh v{kjk% [kjs vkgs- rkh oLrqfLFkrhp
gksrh- ;akr dkMhek=fg vfrk;ksf ukgh-

;k HkweaMGkpsa Bk;ha A rqEgak,slk gks.ks ukghA

- egkjkV/keZ jkfgyk dkgh A rqEgakdfjrk AA
rqeP;keqGsa gk egkjkV/keZ fkYyd jkfgyk]
fVdwu jkfgyk] ftoar jkfgyk] ukgharj R;kph
okV ykxyh vlrh( vls Lor% leFkkuh
Eg.kkos ;ko:u R;kosGph ifjfLFkrh /;kuha
;srsvkrak egkjktakuk jkT;kfHkksd dj.kkps
fufpr >kys- fdR;sd krdsa ejkBkakuk jkT;
uOgras] flOgklu uOgrsa] flOgklukf/kfBr jktk
uOgrk- ek= vkrak egkjkVkP;k thouakr
dfiykkBhpk vlk gk viwoZ ;ksx vkykejkBh eusa vkuankus osMh >kyha- vkuankJawuh
R;akps us= okgwa ykxysiwohZ d/kh u ns[kysa] ikfgysysa vlsa jkT; o
vlk jktk] gk egkjkVakrp uOgs] rj vf[ky
fganqLFkkuakr peRdkjkpk fok; >kyk-;oukkUr
vf[ky fganqLFkkuakr egkjkV gsa ,deso jkT;]
loZ= egkcyk<k ;kouh lkk vfLrRoakr
vlrak fuekZ.k >kys( gh ^u Hkwrks u Hkfo;fr*

vkh ?kVuk ?kMyh- gh ?kVukp brdh foy{k.k

vkgs dha] dqBY;k kCnakr frpsa ewY;ekiu
djkos rsa letr ukgha- gtkjks okkr >kyk
ukgha vlk bfrgkl ?kMfo.kk;k ;k egku
;qxiq:kkph vukdyuh; ;ksXkrk o.kZu
dj.kkl izR;{k ljLorhfg eqdh gksbZyjkT;kfHkksdkph r;kjh lq:a >kyh- r[rkl
tkxk jk;xM- jktlHkk fl) >kyh- lqo.kZ
flOgklukl 32 e.k lksusa ykxyas- R;koj
veksfyd jRusa tMfo.kakr vkyha- eqgwrZ Bjyk
T;sB kq) 13 =;ksnkh] kds 1596] bloh
lu 1674] kfuokj] lw;ksZn;kiwohZ rhu ?kfVdk
mk%dkyh- Hkkjrokkrhy lIr u|k o
leqnzksndsa] loZ rhFkksZndsa ;akuh egkjktakuk
jkT;kfHkksd >kyk- dksVh dksVh d.Bakrwu ,dp
fuukn mByk&^^ fganoh LojkT; laLFkkid] xks
czk.k izfrikyd ^N=irh Jh fkokth
egkjkt!!! ** N=irhaph jkteqnzk lkFkZ >kyhizfrin~ panz-js[kso of/kZ.kqfoZooafnrk AA
kkglwuks% fkoL;Skk eqnzk Hknzk; jktrsAA

v"Viz/kku vkys- laLr uakos vkyh- jkT;O;ogkjdksk fl) >kyk- LojkT; vkysaegkjktakP;k vikj oSHkokusa ikg.kkjakps MksGs
fuoys- eusa r`Ir >kyha- fttkckbZ lkgscakuk
/kU;rk okVyh- R;akP;k ckG fkockpsa LoIu
lkdkj >kyas- t;t;dkj nqenqeyk- gk lekjaHk
Eg.kts oSHkokpsa iznkZu uOgras rj ijkHkwr
eukso`khusa xzklysY;k fganwtkrhyk lathouh
ns.kkjh gh ?kVuk gksrhrhuksa okkP;k vktikosrksaP;k izR;sd
dky-[k.Makr gh ?kVuk egkjkVkykp uOgsa] rj
vf[ky Hkjr[kaMkyk izsj.kk ns.kkjh Bjyh vkgs-

/keZ laLFkkiusps ujA rs gs bZojkps vorkjA

>kys vkgsr iq<s gks.kkjA ns.ksa bZojkpsaAA
--fouk'kk;p nqrka /keZlaLFkkiukFkkZ; A
laHkokfe ;qxs ;qxs AA

fdacgquk rqeps dsysA /keZdhrZu gas fl)h

---xsysA

egkjkVakr fkoN=irh vkf.k Kkunso ;akpsa

^^>kys cgq] vkgsr cgq] gksrhyfg cgq ijh
;akpsle gsp** vlsa vuU;lk/kkj.k LFkku vkgsaegkjkV m.ks fkojk; = 0 vkf.k ejkBh Hkkkk
m.ks Kkusojh = 0 vkh vkt?kMhykfg fLFkrh
vkgsegkjkt flOgklukf/kfBr >kY;kiklwu
fkokd lq:a gksrks- ;kyk rhuksa ,dks.krhl
oks >kyh- ;k okh fkokd 330 vkgsgk [kjk egkjkVkpkp uOgsa] rj Hkkjrkpk
Lokra;fnu vkgs- vkt fnYyh vkf.k Hkkjrkyk
egkjktakP;k ;k eguh; midkjkph tk.kho
ukgh- fnYyhe?;sa lalnHkoukleksj R;akpk
vok:< iqrGk mHkkj.kklaca/kha dakgha dkG
Qkj [kG-[kG vkf.k vk<sos<s ?ks.ksa pkywa gksrsavkf.k rsFks gs vkiysp yksd] egkjFkh vfrjFkh
clysysa gksrs- R;akpsa Eg.k.ksa vlsa dha] fkokth
gsa vf[ky Hkkjrh; usr`Ro uOgrsa( rj rks ,dk
pokGHkj iznskkpk jktk gksrk- R;akP;k r?ui.kkph vkf.k csbekuhph gh g >kyh-

rqdkjke egkjktakP;k Hkkksar] ;akpk tUe >kyk

R;kosGha ^^dk; ek; xsyh gksrh Hkqrkikkha**vls
Eg.kkos okVrsa;akuk ,d xksV dGr ukgh dha]fkoN=irh
>kys ulrs vkf.k loZ fganw lekt bLyke
>kyk vlrak rj yky fdYY;koj frjaxk
QMdko;kl ;akpsa vfLrRo rjh fkYyd
jkfgys vlrsa dk;\
fla/ke/;sa egaen fcu dklhe izFke vkyktkGiksG] dky vkf.k Hk;kud ywV d:u
fu?kwu xsyk- rsOgakiklwu gk nsk toGtoG 1
gtkj oks ;oukkUr jkfgyk- rh 1 gtkj
okkP;k xqykefxjhph dkGhdq va/kkjh jk=
laiwu
fkoN=irhaP;k
osGha
LojkT;kpk
v:.kksn; >kyk] Lokra; lw;kZph fdj.ksa izFke
;k nskkoj iMyha( ;kpk ;akuk folj iMrks
vkf.k dsoG nhMksa okkph fczfVkakph
xqykefxjh] R;akrwu eq >kY;kcy gs egkHkkx
j cMowu vkEgh Lora= >kyks Eg.kwu
lakxrkr- vkh ew[kZ vkf.k cnQSyh ek.klaa ;k
nskakr fuekZ.k gksrhy rj ;k nskkps d/khfg

10

Hkys gks.kkj ukgh gsa fufpr letkos- Lokra;

feGwu 55 oks >kyh] vtwufg gs yksd 15
vkWxLV vkf.k 26 tkusokjh lktjsa djrkgsrfkoN=irh] rqeP;k ;k 55 okkrp vkiY;k
vQkV dr`ZRokusa egkjkVakr lqo.kZ;qx fuewZu
fu?kwufg xsys- ek= gs yksd dsoG Lokra;fnu
lktjs djrkgsr ;ko:u gs fdrh vik=]
fudkeh vkf.k ukyk;d vkgsr gsa m?kM fnlrasvkEgh xqyke gksrks vkrak Lora= >kyks vkgksr
vls gs yksd 55 oks >kyh] daBjokusa lakxr
vkgsr( gh xksV lw;Z-panz vlsi;ZUr lakx.kkj
dk;\ dksBsrjh Fkakc.kkj vkgakr dha ukgh\
ckGkk ygkui.kha xksVkk [ksGr gksrk- rs vkrak
55okkps ckGklkgsc >kY;kojfg-iwohZpkp-m|ksx
vR;ar fuBsusa djhr vlrhy rj R;akP;kiq<s
cznsokphfg vy can gksbZy dk jkghy\ gsa
,jaMkpsa xqgkG vkgs- vkepsa ,o<sp lakx.ksa
vkgs dha] R;akuk dk; djk;ps rsa djksr] >d
ekjksr( vkEgh R;akr lgHkkxh gksa kdr ukgh
gsa fufpr- Lokra;fnu gh xqykehph fukk.kh
vkgs] Lora=rspsa izrhd ukgh- fkokth
egkjktakuk 1674 lkyha jkT;kfHkksd >kyk
vkf.k 1680 lkyha rs dkyok >kys- R;akuk

11

funku 5 oks rjh ;ouakP;k xqykefxjharwu eq

>kY;kcy Lokra;fnu lktjk djrk vkyk
vlrk- i.k R;kosGha vls dks.kkP;kfg euakr
vkys ukgh- dkj.k ejkBk kjhjkus eqlyekuakpk xqyke gksrk- eukus d/khp uOgrk- vkt
vkEgh dsoG kfjjkusa Lora= >kyks vkgksrvkeph eu-cqf) iw.kZi.ksa HkzV >kyh vkgs- gh
xqykehph fukk.kh vkgs- ;keqGsap Lokra;
fnuklkj[;k ?kk.ksjMkk lo;h vkf.k gydV
y{k.ksa Hkkjrh; lektkph fu;rh >kyh vkgsjk;xMkoj egkjktakuk jkT;kfHkksd >kY;koj
Lor% vkSjaxtsckus ^;sFks bLykepsa jkT; gks.kkps
vYykP;kp euakr ukgh-* vls Eg.kwu vkf.k
[kkyh tfeuhoj clwu o nksUgh gkr ?kklwu
vkiyk kksd izdV dsyk- vkSjaxtscklkj[;k ij/kehZ; dj k=wyk T;k ?kVuspsa o
T;k O;hpsa ewY; letysa rs vkiysp /keZcak/ko vlysY;k fnYyharhy egkHkkxakuk
dGsuk- dso<s nqnSZo vkepsa ! dso<h vik=rk
vkf.k ukyk;dh ! ,dsdkGha lkezkT;kf/kfBr
vlysY;k fnYyhojkusa Eg.kts usg:auh ^okV

12

pqdysyk nskHk* Eg.kwu egkjktakph laHkkouk

dsyh gksrh- vkf.k jk;xMkoj vkY;koj
^dyjQqy ghjks* vlys Npksj oO; d:u
bafnjk xak/khauh egkjktakph vukBk;ha Lrqrh dsyh
gksrh- baxzt] iksrZqxht] sap] eksxy ;akuk
egkjktakpsa eksy dGys- ek= vkiysp
Kkrhcak/ko gk ew[kZi.kkpk dGl djrkgsrHkkjrakrhy Qkj eksBk oxZ cqf)eku ukgh] cqw
vkgs vkf.k uhp eukso`khpk gydV vkgsHkkjrklkj[;k iq.;-Hkwe/;sa gs lw;kZth filkG
vkgsr] gs vLruharhy fu[kkjs vkgsr vkf.k
;akpsp cgqer ok<r pkyys vkgs- f[kzpu
vFkok bLyke /kekr tUewu vls oO; dsys
vlrs rj FkksckMs QkMwu Vkdyh vlrh rqephvxnh rkts mnkgj.k] ^lWVkfud OglsZl* pk
ys[kd lyeku jnhpsa vkgs- lxGh eqlyeku
jkVsa R;kP;k ftokoj mByh gksrh- vkf.k gk
rekkk lxGkk txkus ikfgyk- vkiys yksd
?kjP;k Egkrkjhps dkG vkgsrbaXyaMpk iariz/kku foULVu pfpZy 1947
lkyha Eg.kkyk gksrk dha] Lokra; ns.kkl

13

fganqLFkkups yksd vik= vkgsr- R;akuk rs Qkj

dkG fVdfork ;s.kkj ukghizpaM lkeF;Z vkf.k veki oSHko vlysyh
iskokbZ dka xsyh\ vkf.k fkoN=irhapk
pokGHkj eqyw[k R;akP;k ipkrfg fdR;sd oks
Hk;kud ladVakuk rksaM nsr dlk fVdwu
jkfgyk\ ;klkBha vkEgh bfrgklkps vfrk;
lko/ki.ksa vkf.k n{krsus voyksdu dj.kkl
gos vkgs- dsoG fkokkghj fuekZ.k gksu
Hkkx.kkj ukgh- jkekkL;klkj[kk dBksj vkf.k
[kachj bfrgkl lakks/kdp gok- T;kpsa uako
dk<ys vlrak mkj fganqLFkkuakr dkijas Hkjk;psa]
vlk dnZudkG vrqcZGh vkSjaxtsc] izpaM lsuk
?ksu Lor% tkrhus egkjkVakr vkyk- Lor%
dk vkyk rj ejkBkakpsa lkeF;Z ,o<s ok<yas
gksrsa dha] R;kpk cheksM dj.kklkBha T;koj
fookl Bsokok vlk ,dfg leFkZ ljnkj
vkSjaxtsckP;k utjsar ;sbZuk- Eg.kwu rks Lor%p
;k-eksfgesoj fu?kkyk vkf.k rks dsOgak fu?kkyk]
rj egkjktakP;k e`R;wuarj- rksi;ZUr R;kph
egkjkVakr ;k;ph fgaer >kyh ukgh- ;k
?kVuasr dso<k eksBk vFkZ Hkjyk vkgs vkf.k rh

14

brdh cksydh vkgs dha] vkpjVklkj[;k

cMcM.kk;k ew[kkph FkksckMs can Ogkohrjktkjkekuarj rkjkckbZusa ejkBkakpsa usr`Ro
d:u vusd oks vkSjaxtsckkh fpoV >qat
fnyh- vkSjaxtsc 27 oks egkjkVakr gksrk^^ejkBk rks cMk kSrku gSA** vls Eg.kr
vkSjaxtscklkj[;k egkcyk<k k=wykfg tsFkas
gkj ekukoh ykxyh( rks pokGHkj eqyw[k
fganqLFkkupk cki vkgs] gs /;kuha ?;k Eg.kkos ;k
gjke[kksjakuk& fnYyhokY;akuklnkfkojkoHkk iskO;akuh fnYyhpsa r[r
?ku ?kkywu QksMysa- R;koj fnYyhe/khy fdR;sd
fganwizfrfBrakuh vkf.k iskO;akP;kp injha
vlysY;k tkV] cqUnsys vkf.k jktiqrakuh
FkksckMs okdMh d:u vkiyh ukjkth O;
dsyh- vkt?kMhykfg ;k fLFkrhar dakghafg Qjd
iMyk ukgh- xqykeh vkf.k ykpkjh vkeP;k
jakrp eqjyh vkgs dk dk;] dGr ukgh!
viw.kZ
vkIik BksacjsekxZkhkZ vekoL;k kds 1925-