Overview

The MacBook family was initially housed in designs similar to the iBook and PowerBook
lines which preceded them, now making use of a unibody aluminum construction first
introduced with the MacBook Air. This new construction also has a black plastic keyboard
that was first used on the MacBook Air, which itself was inspired by the sunken keyboard of
the original polycarbonate MacBooks. The now standardized keyboard brings congruity to
the MacBook line, with black keys on a metallic aluminum body.

The lids of the MacBook family are held closed by a magnet with no mechanical latch, a
design element first introduced with the polycarbonate MacBook. The Memory, drives, and
batteries were accessible in the old MacBook lineup, though the newest compact lineup
solders or glues all such components in place. All of the current MacBooks feature backlit
keyboards.

The MacBook was discontinued from February 2012 until March 2015, when a new model
featuring an ultraportable design and an all-metal enclosure was introduced. It was again
discontinued in July of 2019 following a price reduction of the 3rd generation MacBook Air
and discontinuation of the 2nd generation model.

MacBook family models

Current
MacBook Air
The MacBook Air is Apple's least expensive notebook computer. While the 1st generation
was released as a premium ultraportable positioned above the 2006 - 2012 MacBook,
lowered prices on subsequent iterations and the discontinuation of that MacBook has made
it serve as the entry-level Macintosh portable. The 2010 to 2017 base model came with a 13-
inch screen and was Apple's thinnest notebook computer until the introduction of the
MacBook in March 2015. This MacBook Air model features two USB Type-A 3.0 ports and a
Thunderbolt 2 port, as well as an SDXC card slot (only on the 13inch model). This model of
MacBook Air did not have a Retina Display. A MacBook Air model with an 11-inch screen
was available from October 2010 to October 2016. In 2017, the MacBook Air received a
small refresh, with the processor speed increased to 1.8 GHz.

On October 30, 2018, the MacBook Air underwent a major design change, dropping the USB
Type-A ports, MagSafe, and the SD card slot in favor of two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports and
a headphone jack. It was updated with a Retina display and Intel Y-series Amber Lake i5
CPUs, as well as a Force Touch trackpad, a third-generation butterfly mechanism keyboard,
and the Touch ID sensor found in the fourth-generation MacBook Pro, but without the Touch
Bar. The base price was also raised, although the base configuration of the 2017 model was
retained until July 9, 2019, when it was discontinued along with the Retina MacBook.[1] The
base price of this model was also dropped to $1099 ($999 for students) on the same day.[2]

On November 10, 2020, Apple announced that the MacBook Air would use the new Apple
M1 system on a chip. The new Air does not have a fan, ensuring silent operation, but limiting
the M1 chip speed in sustained operations. Performance was claimed to be higher than most
current Intel laptops.[3]
On June 6, 2022, at WWDC 2022, Apple announced a new MacBook Air based on the Apple
M2 system on a chip.[4] It incorporates several design elements from the fifth-generation
MacBook Pro models, such as a flat, slab-shaped design, full-sized function keys, and a
Liquid Retina display with rounded corners and a notch for a 1080p webcam. It includes two
combination Thunderbolt 3/USB 4 ports and adds MagSafe charging.[5]

MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro is Apple's higher-end notebook available in both 13-inch and 16-inch
configurations. The current generation 13-inch MacBook Pro was introduced in October
2018. It features a touch-sensitive OLED display strip located in place of the function keys, a
Touch ID sensor integrated with the power button, and four USB-C ports that also serve as
Thunderbolt 3 ports. The 13-inch model was also available in a less expensive configuration
with conventional function keys and only two USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 ports, but since July
2019, the base MacBook Pro model has the Touch Bar as well as quad-core processors,
similar to the higher-end models, although it still has only two USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports.
[6] The May 4, 2020 refresh adopts many of the upgrades seen in the 16" 2019 MacBook
Pro, including the scissor mechanism keyboard ("Magic Keyboard") and a physical Escape
button.

On November 13, 2019, Apple released the 16-inch MacBook Pro, replacing the 15-inch
model of the previous generation, and replacing the butterfly keyboard with a scissor
mechanism keyboard (dubbed the Magic Keyboard by Apple), reverting to the old "inverted-
T" arrow key layout, replacing the virtual Escape key on the Touch Bar with a physical key,
and replacing the AMD Polaris and Vega graphics from the 15-inch model with options from
AMD's Navi graphics architecture, as well as reengineering the speakers, microphone array,
and the thermal system compared to the 15-inch; the latter had thermal limitations in the 15-
inch model due to its design. In addition, the 16-inch is available with up to 64 GB of DDR4
2667 MHz RAM and up to 8 TB of SSD storage. It also has a 100 Wh battery; this is the
largest battery that can be easily carried onto a commercial airliner under U.S.
Transportation Security Administration rules.[7][8][9]

On November 10, 2020, Apple announced a new model of the MacBook Pro incorporating
the new Apple M1 system on a chip.[10] It has a fan, allowing sustained operation of the M1
chip at its full performance level, which is claimed to match or exceed that of Intel versions.
Unlike Intel Pro models, the M1 version only comes with a 13-inch screen, has only two
Thunderbolt ports and has a maximum of 16 GB random access memory (RAM).[3]

On October 18, 2021, Apple announced new 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro models
during an online event.[11] They are based on the M1 Pro and M1 Max, Apple's first
professional-focused ARM-based systems on a chip. This release addressed many
criticisms of the previous generation[12] by reintroducing hard function keys in place of the
Touch Bar, an HDMI 2.0 port,[13] a SDXC reader and MagSafe charging. Other additions
include a Liquid Retina XDR display with thinner bezels and an iPhone-like notch, ProMotion
supporting 120Hz variable refresh rate, a 1080p webcam, Wi-Fi 6, 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports, a
six-speaker sound system supporting Dolby Atmos, and support for a third 6K display on M1
Max models.[14] The 16-inch version is bundled with a 140W GaN power supply that
supports USB-C Power Delivery 3.1, though only MagSafe supports full-speed charging as
the machine's USB-C ports are limited to 100W.[15]
On June 6, 2022, Apple announced an updated 13-inch MacBook Pro based on the Apple
M2 system on a chip.[16]

Discontinued
The original MacBook was discontinued on July 20, 2011, for consumer purchase and in
February 2012 for institutions, being superseded by the 2nd generation MacBook Air, as the
11-inch model introduced in 2010 had the same starting price of the MacBook.[17] The sales
of the Mac computers amounted to 18.21 million units in Apple’s 2018 fiscal year.[18]

The Retina MacBook was a line of Macintosh portable computers introduced in March 2015.
It was discontinued on July 9, 2019, as it had been superseded by the 13-inch Retina
MacBook Air, which had a lower base price, additional USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 ports, and
better performance.