MaqnetiC crscuits

CiTCuit -

It is
clossc Pet
a
NarsIous dements Pcrm, forrmrd
torsord by
Jhrsoug which e
qudutity can be
TansoTrd.
6ditch

D
Bdeny
Ligt
:umbos of uns bulb
T T\e cAsic c ent
Moehic flux
Sinfe naandHc cirs(udt Simhe Jrcic clkt

Magnetic cirscujt A closed futh foom>cd

mognchc madosial dhrotugh ahich
he
mencHe flux Can be
I dhe madnredtHC dsensb*Ttal.
lu onsS cirsruit, e
mugntHc
Hc
6as
moaneic
frso c Jjnes of fosre
dhe Poit dnd ends ot
same poin car
Compkdiq its
APPlicotHon tcgneic cSCWtS ane
USed nNdrsious
devicPs Juke erctric
elcys dnd engratoss.mators, trrnstars S,
wht i15 manet2
rooP6Hs of mcgnet
O Moand di asrsa ct
fromq redic Subsiances.
Ctadrsacts smul Pieces of igon)
Like Poles of he moned csePd each
unlire Poles odtrodc each othes ond
oh
AsusPrnded mcanet addYS
dhe roath- 6out CorMes to sfst
diocHon. in

he Poes of he
maqnet ave in Pouos,
Pouos.
 ImPotant tosms usrd in
maqneHC cirscutE
Mqnedic ficd
he
rsea orsound he
exPrslence
knoan ds dhe forte of
mconed hese sthe
se Poles
PoPS
te cdtdHon and
dnd sPulsion
scPuJsion sis
maqncte ficl
Maa netic ieldhe
of moqnei Dhinion
d rsegion nin he
che nughbouronoo
öhich neighboushood
gnet is fcl+ 15 Semed
agned he cluence of
in fluence of h e
ds
maghetHe e
Ficd
fird.
Magheic Jines of fosces.
Definiion
Aese drse
nosth pole dnd
imaginarsy nes hich cors out fTom
enterss indo tste
e soudh from
soudh Pole
Poe

these s
Y asei nar
oe cant gee
it Dih nad
Ybud exf
Magnete Jes of fosres.
Procpries of
rDoqnctHc unes of fortes
OMagnedtc nes of farces fortes.
6outh Pole odside
6outh daddfriom
<e n
som ee noth e the
noh
e norsdh fale inside apnd. od fnocom
d , ond from e e soucth
he soudh do
Jo
e tde ud do sthe
maqmet.
qvas the dioecto) ot mogneHc Junes
mogheHe nes of forres
forr
Line of orce enetic
nevo coss
fictd, cdi
Cdia iipoo
one
Magnettc Jrs e dnotho
aoe
3 conHnuos ad forsm closrd Jof.
 2 th Mdoch

Ofinition of Eiecrro moqrncHsm.

GlecrorooneHsm
Si
s the
bdnch of ergineomn9 deadio
ne utnet¢ effret of drchsic deedioy
cuSotut.
Eiecdoarcdis) irhieily +Mcuanism
geioc 320 oO - cladior
lons chaisha) cssd.

Cond udeT

corduto
ooknehc Fird ddeoUnd

Laus of Meanctism 3-

Ohe fist JoaD d s

hat, Je
cop dnd dnßre foles moonete
ales
m H C Ales
adra et cach o e
Accorsdig do he e con Jdo hich is soved
epPosi mctaly
epPosi b coudomb,
he fersre cF) exotd by
one Pole on
anodhe pole is drscet ly Ft6oPorotonau o
ehe Proeduc of the Pale
do de stoeuqth d inooslyy PoofrHona
squae of he distanre)betde en hem
:

m2 F 2
d2
 is she phenoNoN due so
nducHon:Tt
Moqnotc
in oa
hich maqnd
d can indure smogneism
neighbours1 iece of magnttHc cmcdooad C say irson)
ihout adual Physiru coutact.

Tarsdddy5irst Jau ofEMI CI8sD

Law-T
Anedas a Conductors is Placed in
ficld,
d Vary gnehHe
dn decro motie Forse is indud, If h
Conductor cistudt is hee
clo[fd,
costnt d
is
hich s rodlre indurrd csrsut. durr
(oil of vdise Gon Mognd.
smsii'e
Amrdo4)
iTHon of moMo)
Gawendt 4o
mogntd
o coi
LaTT -

e ermf induced elcrso6s

oude
Code of he coi
coil is
1s
chone of flux in uGual fo
to
she
he coil
coi
Eectvo Motive fosce
Mogric flu densrty
Negadie sig shcods
ot emf inddred adus
affose dhë chonge in fN, because
dns d cho a
chong in fu
Promcctbi}y ( )
MagneHC Posmceubility is e cdoility of a edrolc
do otsfond do hocD much elrcormagnHc flu
H(an s o s t do ss gouth 113)f.

s denotcd by l Cmu)
unit of Poscaoility is Hersy perottor ()m)

omeob1lity in frsre
SPcl ce
denetrd ds Jlo
and its Vadue is s4-Tx 16 m.
@eddte
eledive Pocb1lity o Posoeoukility of onothe-
mcdium is
denotr by JW
Hovi adue I only for aUT os
Ndcuum f
 Lenz'S Jo numed abs he hisisit Emi rme
Lenzs La. vwho forsmuladtd it
in|\ 34
Lenz5 a sctedes ho e
forste dith difheroent induced electsomot e
Poldrotie s
indures a cuvsEnt
hose roagneic fiel CFPoSes
fhu sttoou the Joof in he chone in
odes Jo ensuroe thodmogheic
moghetc
orstnodtlu smuntaJncsthoough thod
sthe JooP hen
(ursevut flos in it
Lenz's La fars rouuld.
he lenz'S La 's
forsaday's Jeo. seficetcd in sthf foromula of
Etf -N Cao)
whase
EMf s she induced Noltage
Nis the no of
A1AreBroomotie fove)
JocPs Cduens)
da-cha i noghcc flu*
dt cnorae in stme.

Lenz's Law APPliceadfan

n hee dedr okores
AC eneetoros
Miofhones
(4)GsadkissteM en stsaun

Lqd oF con sørekuhon

Neaons Jd an Acion hos equou nd
 Whut s fleminqs Pight ttaud Pube e Epledn 's
A e s Goredats
Jon
Arcedi sto st aaddy5 at of
elcAnomciOme Hc iduelon
CoducIc movs s oua a
maqrcif ilel
induced in i. F«ns aht and rue
she Jiror con of
is ugd Jo dedersine
ndured raren

o
eminqs iaht aldud eue sdcdes ad
f e
arrsof ous Nmb foeiaPo
and midde jidr of
Ropendi cuar soeech oshe,aheight hond ndur ed

ahe umb
Pods stouonsds hen
cenductoro cocloBe jo e sthe the droreli
droreti on of he
foinis dadards he maqetc
Jvoretton ficd the motton
metton ot
of
midde (igos fsds 3ours o
ognedic
dhe dsrcaton icto oLno und dhe
Ccsent ine
e
dud
ieming5 Left hand rauue
ud, ife Feroings Jeft ond u
-

Gigo of he
srvaf ours shum
shumb,b Gooe
sule
l e stcdrs
stds
de Jeft fooeHg and
ficars an rmidde
hen he umb
PoimS hanPorfCrdicubr
do edch ay-e
ouer
orore OArÉaned docdards ghe
she droreton
drot chon
b the
Poi
Poids ocdarrds conrduto,
oodarsds ahe dvorcHon of he foro- f he
owe ne oiddle e mareHC ficlo
magreeHc
fiop Poids fic ld
ollrsect on ot sthe eechmc curot nt sorod e
AFPliaio 219ht hond
gule-Gneator
tnerato
Motr
aa2 cwsent
cori conducto ognetic ficld placrd
forse eposjoee a T .
 G-H CumVe Aystersesis cusve LoofP

frur densty
A
Sadtrrodon

niviy

Coescidi
C

Monedizir forsre2 MAqnedzing

in ofRsite dirsrcdion
or6ce

Ssdroadon in
fRote dedon ur density in
SPRosHe dieedion
De inition8 8- cuwe
The oednirg hHsrsesis
ot
sani ystesesis
charsadcsized
hind de
as
Joq a
of
ystesesis
ooqncdic
oogneic flux
oqnedic ficid sath fux density C8
cB
Eplaunation CH)
O
hhee moqndic
ocoanelic
neicficld 1u density cB)
ficld 1S
inmrasd hen
arsenah CH) is insinsr ased hen
folsrSorm
ith incordsingtoc inms rolsrd the
rorm o
O
 ( h d desrdse in lhe Jalue o the maonclic Siele
Jherse is d demease in the eshde of
Mcqnete meecarrncAuins oqneisn, bud
S Ccllee ndentiuay
Sorme
amountof moqnedism
( h en
nen there 1s
decrsease in sthe aoneHc
a
aoneic ficlol
fielo
daDdrds he nocide side, mconelism also deorelses.
Aoin4
Chesubs\dnce is emagntiafd.
emcgmeiaed
e ose
6CquuTcd to strove he
he odome is reCntivity o
o n as Corcie {orce
Cc)
n dthe offoste dimreHan, he cycle is ronInUrd
hescdurton fsint is D, ermiity Point
s t dnd (ooscive fosce s F
(o d he forsud/rsd ond OPfsite
disrcin
Prsocess ahe
dhe cyye is Comple< ond his
Celo sthe ny5stmgsiSJgor. i s (ycle
ycle is

ond iis cso e n ds JH J WouWs

JJoulH.
3 esla

i Nevnd Longont T
 AdleiegfS of Ac ov¢s DC

The Vdrsiatioo of-A-C can casily be done

Usi csunsfo6mrss eth stP uP o steP doud0n,
Rovoing and Joderoig of dc. voltoq9e
e dnd economicod.
edsy

Ohe gensaton oFACc i5 chedPor stan

tt or oc

AC can edsily be convestrd indo OC O+h

the heP of csecHfiev3.
the

(4)-A-C Motoss doe simfle in

constrsucHofn
cheefos and efficient hdn otoTS
drd course Jess utendnre.
Puely eesiste C cirouut 4m
P V-NmSndl|15 oPPlird aross
he osistor.

ofid ctheGaten or rursrsenE

uOe haUe
n
Nm Sin@t N-TR ohms a .

cirstuwt didd)

ginat
/21 L s isindt| quodien of_
Cu t (
clve hon of Phase dift is zTo
NoltoE d cwrrt Volto
Crrt are
some Phase
 hat o-se he
sinqe phd seddddntaoes
of
oves
5y5tem. 3.phd&eI5terM
Monse outfud g foro the sdrof
dhe
one folyfhdse mdchines 1s size, cthe oud Pud of
o
dhod Of
dhad of dhe adwdys higher stncln
stdn
rsee Phd se single Phd6e mac hines. yPirouJly
oP machines Pacduce aboud 4 ls dhe
4Sl hithe
histhes
Smodlosetze
size of three
fors
s
moducing ghe same oudfut, the
Phase
cd of he 5inqie machincs is aJuOcys smalos
-PhdPhd6e motors6 Phdse machine5. stha
Phase AC cre 5elf
5uPPy s capable rtig 8-As thehe rsee
cneHc field hen of
Procdriq dYrset
A Kotsó PPlird so adtnaroy rsotet
o
ne - r6otdHg
Phdse motors need Jo t be
e se F
S{trdi oíndin
dn Ahe sinale
4ttoo foors fockors 8- he additondsarotoo indig
phdse MdchinrS 5 bette pocDos fca
fa cfor
ctor or
or
sinle phase rlchines. a n hod of ahsee
sreee
he
the
Sroadlor cO54-sectHonU orsea or
TFahe e same amouM of Pbas condu cto. a
dhen she 1 o
croo55.5eMonc dra
used for ghe
Used deo ot sie
be
rsansm1ttr
Soansmittrod
hed fo
a 51ste mis 5mal d conductors
conductorss
sthe sirqle Com
corm farsrd
Pasrd do
phd syst
Se
5y5tcm do
dhrse
dhrce phd6emachineS
CoPorSrd o d sirqle Proodure Jess VibsaH
CoPorSe
JibrscH on
on
phase
phd6e Md
md chihe.
chiHE.
domestic Pa cnd
Cdn be industrac (omm
oovicdtd fsormindustrocl (ommostiad
ort la fos)
he Sdme Poc C
Ca
same Sousre

7,1,9O
 AC
qucantty; -An aH nadir udnity which
chanqes
ts oenitude ds Dedl ds dscetion is

mgriHude
Fine
DC
uctntity: he oc qugudity hich is constcnt
ith oesect
do ime s cobltd as Dc
moanituda
quott

Sye A ComPlete seb ot Posiie tue and negote

neqote2
Nalue of on atrnedt qugdt is caled as
Cycle.

in
PoAco PotscT cyre.
mplituwe Jpca velue A Marimym NoJue atnded by an Ac
AOH is tadtd ds amPlHHde ot prak va
AM ond CL ePorsct amplitude |
 Prtiod ov feroicodicTme CT)
Ttis h e Jime ( in Seconds5) otqured by
adtom¥ qudutty do Cornpleie its one cycle.
Tt is seRseentrd b byT and
and itS nit 1s second Sec
rcCquny ¢f)
ahe
he numbm of cycles (omPleted P o 6rcond by dn
altconct quauHY i5 Enooon d itstsQueNdY
I* S measurscd in'herst (Ha)

-Scsor) he definiHon of Prsiode and

i6 obs6ed stha froquencyY,
hartz.
ous (ouny hd5 adoptrd a sCqu ency fof
aHonH curTes Nolt ars
so H fo
Oith
t h his
srquencY, dhe alt a
ors ncdi9 cde nt
olta hds ime Pcnjade of
:O'023
dt e sesisHive
t e adue of foDe foctor fors Pursely
n
d nd
d Asely Cufacitie cirstu
O definitHn

RoDes facdos- (os¢

o Pursely rsisie ck the arq e betore he
VolAcae
dnddnd cuTent is o
Poc f a c +or =
Costo) -I cun1ty)
I
eds
Prsely CPd cHive_ckt dhe Ccsrsend
s
sdthe

Volc b 9o and PocD fa ctors is zero. Jedi

n Pusely inductide circu i he c u n s e t Joqs dhe

he Po faictos zoso
 BFlux density

Saturation
Retentivity

Coercivity
-H H
Magnetising Force in
Opposite direction
Magnetising
Force

Saturation in D
opposite direction B Flux density in
opposite direction
 A B C

180 360 time

90 270

120 120 120

v 240
uaonre Resist ace) (ohmL

2elucdanre
field kch afogrs
oonges dho dhero
or lurAu re 1 Pe A7Wb
dhe s unt t

clecdtalg-
PTO nre (ConducianceF

is dehnfg d e crlfsora

P outbe bAT)