JYZEL S.

BERONGES
COLOD

General Chemistry

What I Know
Activity 1.1: THINK! THINK! THINK!
Directions: Choose the best answer for each question and defend your answer in 2-3
sentences only.

1. Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous process?

a. Rusting of iron
b. Conversion of water to hydrogen and oxygen gas
c. Reassembling broken glass
d. Heat flows from a colder object to a hotter one
My Defend: Because iron oxide rusts spontaneously, it is considered a natural process.
happens as a result of natural oxygen exposure as a result, the modification occurred on its
own. There is no outside involvement. As a result, it was seen as a spontaneous process.
2. Which of the following has the greatest entropy?
a. ice
b. water
c. steam
d. cannot be predicted
My Defend: Because of the amount of disorder in steam, it has the highest entropy. In a gas
state, the energy in a system increases. Entropy increases, according to science.
Because a particle may be placed in a gas state, it can transition from solid to liquid to gas. in
several ways Steam has the most entropy as a result.
 JYZEL S. BERONGES

12 BACOLOD

What Is It
Directions: Answer the following questions:

1. What is a spontaneous process? Give at least two (2) examples.

A spontaneous process in thermodynamics is one that happens without any input. energy or
substance brought in from outside the system These procedures might occur without your
knowledge. External energy intervention must continue until balance is achieved.
Examples:
1) Heat flows from hotter body to a colder body.
2) A solid KCl spontaneously dissolves in water.

2. How does spontaneity apply to each chemical reaction:

a. exothermic reaction - When energy is lost and entropy increases. As the temperature rises, a
spontaneous combustion reaction will ensue.
b. endothermic reaction - When the entropy changes by a greater amount. Spontaneity will be
used rather than the change in enthalpy. Furthermore, a When a reaction produces a negative
Gibbs energy, it is said to be spontaneously endothermic. Enthalpy and entropy changes involve
free energy.
3. What is entropy? How does it relate to the spontaneous process?
Entropy is a measurement of how much energy is dispersed in a system within a certain period of
time. specific method As a result, it is linked to the spontaneous process, because spontaneity is a
part of it. causes an increase in entropy as a result, entropy is utilized to determine the spontaneity
of a situation. process.
4. What processes lead to an increase in entropy of the system?
If the process of shifting the phase is involved, the entropy will increase. melting ice,
vaporization, dissolving, and a variety of other processes. Intermolecular interactions between
molecules of a material lessen as a result of phase switching. Entropy is increased.
 JYZEL S. BERONGES

12 BACOLOD

Relate entropy to the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

The second rule of thermodynamics focuses on entropy, which asserts that the entropy increases
as the temperature decreases. As an isolated system, the entire cosmos grows in a spontaneous
manner. Hence, the entropy of the cosmos increases as a result of all spontaneous activities.
5. What general rules apply to predicting whether an entropy change is negative
or positive?

General guidelines for calculating system entropy change include:

1. ΔS° If the process produces more gas molecules than it consumes, S° is positive. absorbs.
2. ΔS° If the total quantity of gas molecules decreases, S° becomes negative.
3. ΔS°If there is no net change in the total, S° might be positive or negative.
However, the quantity of gas molecules will be small.