Epic 2 Midterms Clear Speech Works 1. Word Pairs

EPIC 2 MIDTERMS
CLEAR SPEECH WORKS

1. Word Pairs
Most lessons will begin with Word Pairs. It is primarily meant to be a
listening exercise, you can also record your own voice and play it back to
compare yourself with the model’s voice. The process would be, click on the
speaker button next to each word pair to listen to the model.
2. Sound Discrimination
Sound discrimination helps improve your pronunciation by being able
to hear the difference between sounds. The Sound Discrimination exercise
assess your ability to hear the difference between the sounds you heard in
the Word Pairs. Click on a tile to hear two words then click the appropriate
button. Earn five points for the right answer, to a maximum of 45 points.
3. Sentences
Here is your opportunity to start practicing. Click on the speaker button
next to a sentence to hear the model. Concentrate on the sound you are
studying, indicated in the sentences by the darkened letters. Listen to the
sentence as many times as you like. Record your voice by clicking on the
record button and speaking into the microphone. Listen to your pronunciation
and compare it to the model’s. If you’re satisfied, try the next sentence. Or,
re-record.
4. Professional Vocabulary
The Professional Vocabulary section provides an opportunity to practice
longer words and phrases. In this section you listen to the phrases by clicking
on the speaker button next to the word or phrase. You can record your voice
and play it back to compare it to the model’s recording.
5. Extra Practice
This section provides many more examples of words and sentences
that incorporate the target sound. Sounds and words are more challenging.
Listen to the word, record and play back.
6. Videos
The video presentations shows about making the target sounds. The
model will offer useful, easy to understand tips that will help you make the
sound clearly. There are close-up videos show you how to move your mouth
to make the target sound.
7. Intonation
In these lessons starting from Unit 7, offers to listen for the sound
contour, or intonation pattern that focus on the end of each sentence. Here
you can identify whether the intonation is rising or falling
8. Stress and Linking
In Unit 19, these lessons lets you listen for the words that are stressed.
In the Sound Discrimination exercises, you have to listen to each pair of
sentences and indicate whether they have the same or different stress
patterns.
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Technical Words by Profession
This is an additional section where you can hear and practice
vocabulary commonly used in various professions. Words within each
category are grouped according to their stress pattern
ADVANCE LISTENING
1. Contrast diseases in the West today with those of 100 years ago. In
your answer, give examples of these diseases and explain how
diseases from these two time periods are fundamentally different.
Diseases in the West today slowly accumulate damage over time such
as heart diseases and cancer. In contrast of the diseases 100 years ago,
diseases back than result to a quick or sudden death such as the influenza,
malaria, and pneumonia.
2. What is a stress response? What happens to your body during a

stress response?
Stress response is a body response to physical stressors. We all
respond to stressful situations by releasing hormones, such as adrenalin and
glucocorticoids, which instantaneously increase the person’s heart rate and
energy level. That’s why some cases like when there is a fire we usually have
this stress response that we able to carry a refrigerator at a fast rate a
response to your panic or adrenalin rush perhaps.
3. What five psychological variables determine why some people deal

with stress better than others? Give an example to illustrate each
variable
 Lack of outlets- having an outlet is a great mitagator of stress. If
someone has an outlet for his/her frustrations then the stress will be
light
 Lack of predictability- Predictive information is enormously powerful. If
you know when something bad is coming, how bad it is going to be,
and how long it is going to last, you can plan coping strategies
 No sense of control- if one has lack of sense of control of a stressful
situation, they secrete high levels of stress hormones compared to
someone that has a control to a stressful situation
 Perception that things are getting worst- if someone worries to much
chronically, they build up these stress hormones that over time will
accumulate damage to their health
 Lack of social support- if someone has a nice social support from
friends, family, or lover they worry less and secretion of stress
hormones are less
4. What are glucocorticoids? Explain their importance in the stress

response. How can they affect you in the short term and the long
term?
Glucocorticoids are stress hormones being secreted during stress
response. It is a body mechanism to respond in stressful situations. Body
reacts differently during a real stress in a short term compared to same stress
response for months. In short term, stress hormones are brilliantly adapted to
help you survive an unexpected threat you mobilize energy in your thigh
muscles, you increase your blood pressure and you turn off everything that's
not essential to surviving, such as digestion, growth and reproduction. In long
term, such as constant worrying about money or you turn on the stress
response chronically can have devastating consequences to your health. You
increase your risk of adult onset diabetes and high blood pressure.
5. How does baboon’s rank affect his psychological and physical

health?
Low ranking baboons are more susceptible to stress than high ranking
baboons. They often have elevated resting levels of stress hormones because
they are the ones who see stressors. Their reproductive system doesn’t work
as well, their wound heal more slowly, and have elevated blood pressure.
Professor Sapolsky said that you don’t want to be a low-ranking baboon
because your health is going to be lousy compared to high ranking baboons
6. How does the sort of society in which you live influence your
physiology? What characteristics in a society lead to good
physiological health for baboons?
If the society which you live leads to a loss of control or predictability
you secret unhealthy levels of stress hormones just like in the case of the
baboons in professor sapolsky’s example a revolutionary period creates a loss
of control and predictability for high ranking males, since everybody is
constantly fighting and changing ranks. A stable society is the best because it
leads to a good physiological health for baboons
7. How does one’s personal experience affect glucocorticoid levels?
Explain this relationship using examples from the lecture
In the lecture, aggressive new comer named Hubbs attack female
baboons the more a female is attacked the higher the glucocorticoid levels
but is a female was never attacked her personal experience of revolutionary
situation was not harsh the glucocorticoids remain unaffected. Just like when
you feel harassed you, someone’s bullying you, or you are always put in a
dangerous situation you constantly feel down, you worry more, you feel sad
and depressed and then your glucocorticoids levels are relatively higher also
8. What personality traits does professor Sapolsky identify as being

healthy for baboons? Give a brief explanation of each one.
Can a baboon tell the difference between big things and little things or
in other words can a baboon differentiate between threatening events and
neutral event- if he can’t glucocorticoids level are doubled
DIALOGUE
Dialogue 1: Higher Education in a Globalized Era
Dialogue 1 discusses how Chinese universities can learn from top-notch
universities in the United States. Chinese Moderator Yang Rui discusses important
issues in tertiary education with Professor Nicholas Dirks, Executive Vice-President
for Arts and Sciences at Columbia University. Issues such as academic freedom, the
role of the liberal arts and the core curriculum in education, and how the best
universities can better prepare students for life in the real world.
Dialogue 2: Environmental Protection
Dialogue talks about environmental protection, how this things turned into
money making business, and also discusses how businesses, environmental
protection, and good government relate with each other. Moderator Tian Wei leads
discussion on how to deal with environmental and climate change issues. Her
guests are Senator Loren Legarda, from the Republic of the Philippines, Ma Jun,
Director of the Institute for Public and Environmental Affairs in China, and Bill Ginn,
Chief Conservation Programs Officer with The Nature Conservancy from the United
States. This dialogue brings focus about the issue with energy, greenhouse gases,
carbon trading and the importance of economic incentives to motivate businesses
to protect and preserve the environment.
Dialogue 3: Issues on Aging
The Dialogue discussion was led by Moderator Yang Rui in which explores how
China is dealing with the important issue of social security with three guests namely
Professor Hu Jiye, associate professor with The Center for Law and Economics, China
University of Political Science and Law, and Europeans Mr. Grayson Clarke, Fund
Manager Expert and Mr. Steve Barker, Unemployment Insurance Expert. This
dialogue explores how China is preparing for its aging population and deals with
economic and political issues.
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EPIC 2 MIDTERMS

CLEAR SPEECH WORKS

2. What is a stress response? What happens to your body during a

3. What five psychological variables determine why some people deal

4. What are glucocorticoids? Explain their importance in the stress

5. How does baboon’s rank affect his psychological and physical

8. What personality traits does professor Sapolsky identify as being

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