INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

ADVANCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

KALANKI, KATHMANDU
(AFFILIATED TO TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY)

ELECTRONICS DEVICE AND CIRCUIT PROJECT

TITLE : LDR DARKNESS SENSOR

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

AASHIQ MAHATO (ACE077BEI002) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

AROGYA LAMICHHANE (ACE-077-BEI008) COMPUTER ENGINEERING]

DARWIN ACHARYA (ACE-077-BEI013)

NIKESH BARAL (ACE-077-BEI023)

 PROJECT REPORT

Title : Dark Sensor with LDR, transistor and a LED

Aims and Objectives : The basic aim of this project is to control the LED using
LDR & Transistor(BC547)

Introduction : Dark light sensor is a circuit that sense the light and works.1:When
light is off or in night the circuit operates and light will be on.2:when light is on or
day time the circuit act as open circuit light will be off.LDR resistance depends on
the light you have on the room or where you are constructing that. If youhave light,
the LDR resistance is low so, the LED should be turned off. When you obstruct the
light that focus on the LDR, the LED should light up.

Components:
1 Matrix Board
2 Battery of 10v
3 Transistor (in this case we use the BC547)
4 LED (in this case yellow)
5 LDR
6 Resistor (in this case we use 50kohm )
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Working principle:
The circuit is based around LDR which is also called a photoresistor. The resistance of
LDR is dependent on the intensity of light. The 50k resistor and the LDR makes
a voltage divider circuit. When the intensity of light falling on the LDR is high, it will
have a higher resistance and hence the voltage divider will give a low output to the base
pin of the BC547 BJT. BC547 is a NPN transistor, and when the BJT is in on-state, i.e.
the emitter-base junction is in forward biased condition. The electronic path for our
LED is completed and hence the LED illuminates.
CONCLUSION:
A darkness detector circuit using LDR is a very simple circuit which can have
many applications in the real world. This project requires very few components
and has wide range of applications.