Rainy Season

Nasrin Nahar
Rainy Season
These are the pre-monsoon hot season from March through May, rainy monsoon
season which lasts from June through October, and a cool dry winter season from
November through February. Rainy Season arrives in the form of blessings for the
Bangladeshi people right after the season of scorching heat ends.
Monsoon Fruit Trees
01. Guava tree
English Name : Guava tree
Bangla Name : পেয়ার়া গাছ
Scientific Name : Psidium guajava
Time period-months of year : June to October.
Lifetime: They live 30 to 40 years but productivity declines after
the 15th year.
Type of tree : Shrub tree.
Required environment quality : Guava can be grown easily in
region with tropical and subtropical climate.
Usage/Benefit : Guava trees provide fruits, firewood, furniture
wood and it’s also used in backspace landscape design.
Any negative issue: Guava might lower blood sugar.
Aesthetic Quality : Guava produces solitary white flowers and a
berry fruit. The fruit is oval in shape and green to yellow in color.
The flesh inside can be white, yellow, pink or red in color and
contains numerous yellowish seeds.
02. Date palm
English Name : Date palm
Bangla Name : খেজুর গাছ
Scientific Name : Phoenix dactylifera

Time period-months of year : June to October.

Lifetime : Palms begin to bear fruit in 4 to 5 years and reach
full bearing at 10 to 15 years. Date palms are known to live as
long as 150 years.

Type of tree : Palm tree.

Required environment quality : Date palm is cultivated in
arid and semi-arid regions which are characterized by long and
hot summers, most low rainfall, and very low relative humidity
level during the ripening period.

Usage/Benefit : Data trees provide fruits and firewood and it’s

also used in roadside landscape design.
Any negative issue: No negative issue.

Aesthetic Quality : Date palm produces solitary orange color

flowers and berry fruit. The fruit is an ellipse in shape and it is
a berry of golden yellow color or reddish-brown when ripe.
03. Sugar can tree
English Name : Sugar cane grass
Bangla Name : আে গাছ
Scientific Name : Saccharum officinarum

Time period-months of year : June to October.

Lifetime : Generally, most varieties mature in about 10-14
months.

Type of tree : Perennial grass.

Required environment quality :To attain good yields, sugar

cane requires 80 to 90 inches of water during the growing
period.

Usage/Benefit : Sugar cane tree provide Juice, sugar

,firewood and it’s also used in backspace landscape design.
Any negative issue: No negative issue.

Aesthetic Quality : It has broad, grass-like leaves that grow

alternately from the stem and have a base which encircles it.
Its green or reddish stems are swollen where the leaves grow
and eventually grow into cane stalk, which constitutes 75% of
the entire plant.
04. Olive tree
English Name : Olive tree
Bangla Name : জলপাই গাছ
Scientific Name : Olea europaea

Time period-months of year : June to October.

Lifetime: Olive trees can live for thousands of years.
Their life expectancy is 2,000 years on average.

Type of tree : Trunk and bonsai tree.

Required environment quality : Olive trees need a

subtropical climate and do best with mild rainy, and dry
summers. They are sensitive to hard freezing
environments.

Usage/Benefit : Olive tree provide fruits, oil, firewood

and it’s also used in landscape design as a bonsai tree.
Any negative issue: No negative issue.

Aesthetic Quality : The majestic and beautiful trees that

grow the hard, bitter fruit that become
fermented olives have so many positive attributes.
05. Hog plum tree
English Name : Hog plum tree
Bangla Name : আমডা গাছ
Scientific Name : Spondias mombin

Time period-months of year :Mid-June to September.

Lifetime: They live 20 to 30 years.
Type of tree : Plum tree.

Required environment quality : Plant hog plums during

early fall in a spot that is sunny to partially shady and has
well-drained soil.

Usage/Benefit : Hog plum tree provide fruits ,firewood

and and it’s also used in roadside landscape design.
Any negative issue: No negative issue.

Aesthetic Quality : Hog plum is a deciduous tree

reaching 49–72 feet in height. The bark is deeply fissured.
The plant typically drops most of its compound leaves
before flowering. The drupe fruits are about 1.6 inches in
length and have a leathery yellow-green skin.
06. Pomelo tree
English Name : Pomelo tree
Bangla Name : বাতাপপ-খলবু গাছ
Scientific Name : Citrus maxima

Time period-months of year : June to August.

Lifetime: Pomelo trees can live from 50-150 years and
reach a height of 25 feet.

Type of tree : Pomelo is the largest citrus fruit tree.

Required environment quality : From mid- June to mid-
August is suitable for planting saplings.

Usage/Benefit : Pomelo tree provide fruits, firewood and

it’s also used in backspace landscape design.
Any negative issue: No negative issue.

Aesthetic Quality : The pummelo tree may be 16 to 50 ft

tall, with a somewhat crooked trunk 4 to 12 in thick, and
low, irregular branches. Some forms are distinctly dwarfed.
The young branchlets are angular and often densely hairy,
and there are usually spines on the branchlets, old limbs
and trunk.
Aquatic plant
 01. Water lily

English Name : water lily .

Bangla Name : শাপলা
Scientific Name : Nymphaeaceae
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Water lily Usage : The bulb and root are used to
make medicine. People take American white water lily
to treat ongoing (chronic) diarrhea. American white
water lily is sometimes applied directly to the affected
area for vaginal conditions, diseases of the throat and
mouth, and as a warm compress (poultice)
for burns and boils.

Water lily Negative issue : This research revolves around the negative effects of Water lily can
cause within the environment. The rapid growth of a Water lily is dangerous because excess growth
will cover the surface, causing a reduce in light penetration into the body of water. Thick growths of
Water lilies interfere with oxygen exchange and one of the worst-case scenarios it can lead to being
a source of flooding. Lastly, its pad traps the heat that causes the algae bloom which can attract
mosquitos that are known to cause dengue.
Water lily characteristics : Most species of water lilies have rounded, variously notched, waxy-
coated leaves on long stalks that contain many air spaces and float in quiet freshwater habitats. The
stalks arise from thick, fleshy, creeping underwater stems that are buried in the mud

Water lily Required environment quality : Although most water lily species prefer the still waters of
ponds and lakes, some can be found growing in slow-flowing rivers and creeks. However, only the
shallow areas along the edges of these sluggish water courses are suitable habitat for water lilies

Water lily Die : First, the water lily will start to grow tubers. This will provide food for them over the
winter. Second, they will start to die back and enter dormancy, which slows their systems down and
helps keep them safe over winter.

Water lily Important : Water lilies are rooted in the soil at the bottom of the lake, with their leaves and
iconic flowers visible on the surface. Their abundance provides important benefits to the ecosystem.
They create food and shelter for both aquatic and non-aquatic wildlife.
❑ Pink Water Lily

English Name : pink water lily .

Scientific Name : Nymphaea Darwin
Time period-months of year: July to September.
Size : Large
Spread : 100cm 150cm
Water Depth : 50cm-100cm
Usage/Benefit : vegetable,The seeds, high in starch, protein,
and oil, may be popped, parched, or ground into flour.

❑ Fragrant Water Lily

English Name : Fragrant Water Lily
Scientific Name : Nymphaea odorata
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :30.48 cm
Usage/Benefit : Use Ornamental: Aromatic, Bog or pond
area, Water garden
Use Wildlife: Waterfowl and mammals eat the buoyant seeds
and other parts of the plant.
❑ Colorado Water Lily

English Name :Colorado Water Lily

Scientific Name : Nymphaea Colorado
Time period-months of year: July to october.
Size : medium
Spread : 70cm 120cm
Water Depth : 50cm-100cm
Usage/Benefit : vegetable,The seeds, high in starch,
protein, and oil, may be popped, parched, or ground into
flour.

❑ Afterglow Water Lily

English Name : Afterglow Water Lily

Scientific Name :Nymphaea 'Afterglow'
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :Smaller
Spread : 180cm 240cm
Water Depth : 15cm-66cm
Usage/Benefit : Garden, landscape design .
❑ Marliacea Carnea Water Lily

English Name :Marliacea Carnea Water Lily.

Scientific Name : Nymphaea 'Marliacea Carnea'
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size : 12 cm
Spread : 150cm
Water Depth : 50cm-150cm
Usage/Benefit : Lily pads provide a landing place for
thirsty bees, protection for pond life and the shading
helps prevent algae growth.

❑ Rembrandt Water Lily

English Name : Rembrandt Water Lily
Scientific Name :Nymphaea 'Rembrandt‘
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size : Medium-Large
Spread : 150cm-180cm
Water Depth : 30cm-90cm
Usage/Benefit : The leaves provide a landing pad for
thirsty honeybees, while offering shelter for aquatic
wildlife beneath the surface.
❑ Alba Water Lily

English Name :Alba Water Lily

Scientific Name : Nymphaea alba
Time period-months of year: July to August.
Size : Large
Spread : 150cm
Water Depth : 30cm-150cm
Usage/Benefit : The flowers are anaphrodisiac and
sedative. They have a generally calming and sedative
effect upon the nervous system, reputedly reducing the
sex drive and making them useful in the treatment of
insomnia, anxiety and similar disorders.

❑ Cape Blue Water Lily

English Name : Cape Blue Water Lily

Scientific Name : (Nymphaea capensis)
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :Medium
Spread : 240cm
Water Depth : 30cm-150cm
Usage/Benefit : . Treat Depression, good of Diabetes,
Sharper Mind and Memory, Treats Gastrointestinal
Problems, Menstruation Problems, Chronic Pain
Relief. Balances Oiliness of Skin.
❑ Midnight Water Lily

English Name : Midnight Water Lily

Scientific Name : Nymphaea 'Midnight’
Time period-months of year: July to August.
Size : Medium
Spread : 60cm-600cm
Water Depth : 30cm-80cm
Usage/Benefit :Nymphaea ‘Midnight’ produces small,
lightly fragrant lavender blooms during the day.

❑ Carolina Sunset Water Lily

English Name :Carolina Sunset Water Lily

Scientific Name :Nymphaea Carolina Sunset
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :Medium
Spread : 120cm-150cm
Water Depth : 60cm-90cm
Usage/Benefit : Uses Medicine,Health Benefit .
❑ Antares Water Lily

English Name :Antares Water Lily

Scientific Name : Nymphaea 'Antares'
Time period-months of year: July to August.
Size : Large
Spread : 150cm
Water Depth : 30cm-150cm
Usage/Benefit : use the long stalks in vegetable curry

❑ Helvola Water Lily

English Name :Helvola Water Lily

Scientific Name : Nymphaea 'Pygmaea Helvola
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :30cm-60cm
Spread : 240cm
Water Depth : 60cm-120cm
Usage/Benefit : . Miniature water lily is perhaps best
grown in tub gardens and tabletop containers. Also
may be used in small ponds or small water gardens.
❑ Giant Amazon Water Lily

English Name : Giant Amazon Water Lily

Scientific Name : Victoria amazonica
Time period-months of year: July to September.
Size : Large
Spread : 100cm 150cm
Water Depth : 30cm-90cm
Usage/Benefit : Giant Water Lily adapts to the environment
by growing thorns on the bottom of the leaves to protect itself
from fishes and other predator that might want to eat it.
Another adaptation is the rim around the edges of the leave.

❑ Luciana Water Lily

English Name :Luciana Water Lily

Scientific Name Nymphaea 'Luciana'
Time period-months of year: June to September.
Size :15 cm
Usage/Benefit : Tea made from the roots is used in the
treatment of TB, chronic bronchial complaints, diarrhea,
dysentery, gastrointestinal inflammation, gonorrhea, vaginal
discharge, inflamed glands, mouth sores and to stop
bleeding..
❑ Water hyacinth

English Name : water hyacinth .

Bangla Name : কচু পরপানা
Scientific Name : Eichhornia crassipes
Time period-months of year : October-January.
Type of tree :
Required environment quality : Temperature ranges from
28°C to 30°C, pH value between 6.5 and 8.5, salinity < 2%,
20 mg/L N, 3 mg/L P, and 53 mg/L K.

Water hyacinth Usage : Water hyacinth root compost has

nevertheless been used with good results as a propagation
medium for house plants. Water hyacinths thrive on sewage;
they absorb and digest waste water pollutants, converting
sewage effluents to relatively clean water.

Water hyacinth Negative issue : The main problems

arising from the growth of Water Hyacinth in thick mats are
an enormous water loss through evapotranspiration, that
alters the water balance of entire regions; the impediment to
water flow, that increases sedimentation, causing flooding
and soil erosion; the obstruction of navigation
Water hyacinth characteristics : The common water hyacinth (E. crassipes) is the most widely
distributed species. Its leafstalk is spongy and inflated, and the upper lobes of the purple flowers have
blue and yellow markings. It reproduces quickly and often clogs slow-flowing streams.

❑ Water lettuce

English Name : water lettuce

Bangla Name : খ াপাপানা
Scientific Name : pistia stratiotes
Time period-months of year :
Type of tree :
Required environment quality :Water lettuce is a
floating perennial plant found across the globe in
tropical and subtropical regions. It requires growth
temperatures of at least 15o C (59o F), and grows best
around 22 to 30o C (72-86o F).

Water lettuce Usage :Water lettuce is often used in

tropical aquariums to provide cover for fry and small
fish. It is also helpful as it outcompetes algae for
nutrients in the water, thereby preventing massive
algal blooms.
Water Lettuce Negative issue : his freshwater
perennial creates thick mats that reduce oxygen
levels, block sunlight, and prevent growth of
submerged vegetation. Mats interfere with recreation
and can have a negative effect on fish and other
aquatic species in an infested area.

water lettuce characteristics : Pistia stratiotes,

commonly called water lettuce, is a free-floating, frost-
tender aquatic perennial that is commonly used as an
ornamental plant in water gardens. It produces
rosettes (4-6” across) of wedge-shaped, overlapping,
fluted, velvety, soft green leaves covered with water-
repellant hairs
❑ Azolla

English Name : Azolla

Bangla Name : অ্যাজজালা
Scientific Name : Azolla cristata
Time period-months of year :
Type of tree : Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern,
fairy moss, water fern) is a genus of seven species of
aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae

Required environment quality :Azolla can survive

within a pH range of 3.5 to 10, but optimum growth is
observed in the range of 4.5 to 7. It is usually in the
20-30°C range, though Azolla mexicana is more
tolerant of temperatures over 30°C.

Azolla Usage : In addition to its traditional cultivation

as a bio-fertilizer for wetland paddy, Azolla is finding
increasing use for sustainable production of livestock
feed. Azolla is rich in protein, essential amino acids,
vitamins and minerals.
Azolla Negative issue :Botanists believe though Azolla is a rich bio-fertilizer, its excessive growth is
fatal for flora and fauna. The thick mats deprive these of sunlight. It can also choke springs in the lake
and impart red coloration to lake waters. If the water fern is left unattended, it can lead to
eutrophication of lakes.

Azolla characteristics :Azolla (Azolla sp.) is an aquatic fern consisting of a short, branched, floating
stem, bearing roots which hang down in the water. The leaves are alternately arranged, each
consisting of a thick aerial dorsal lobe containing green chlorophyll and a slightly larger thin, colorless,
floating ventral lobe.
Flower plant
After Summer’s heat, Rainy Season comes as a breath of fresh air. Heavy rainfall of Rainy Season gives nature a new appearance. Monsoon clouds change colors very
often, sometimes it’s sunny and sometimes it’s raining. Rainy Season washes away the weariness of nature. Plants bloom with many colorful flowers. These colorful
flowers multiply the beauty of Rainy Season. Diverse known and unknown flowers fill the paths and meadows of Bengal.

01. Bur flower

English Name: Bur flower
Bangla Name: KODOM
Scientific Name: Nauclea Cadamba Roxb

Time period- months of year: On maturing, the fruit splits apart, releasing the seeds, which are then dispersed by wind or rain.
Start flowering during rain (May-July)

Type of Tree: Bur flower Tree

Required Environmental Quality: Kadamba is one of the most frequently planted trees in the tropics. It sheds large amounts of
leaf and non-leaf litter which on decomposition improves some physical and chemical properties of soil under its canopy. This
reflects an increase in the level of soil organic carbon, cation-exchange capacity available plant nutrients and exchangeable bases.

Usage/ Benefit: Kadamba flowers are an important raw material in the production of ‘attar’, which is Indian perfume with sandal
wood (Santalum spp.) base in which one of the essences is absorbed through hydro-distillation. An extract of the leaves serves as
a mouth gargle. The bulbous fruit (bearing flowers) is edible and is consumed raw in Northern India. It is fragrant, sweet and little
tangy in taste and is widely enjoyed as relish. It also eat as fruit.
Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: A yellow dye is obtained from the root bark. Its flowers are sweetly fragrant, red to orange in color, occurring in
dense, globular heads of approximately 5.5 cm (2.2 in) diameter. The fruit of N. cadamba occur in small, fleshy capsules packed
closely together to form a fleshy yellow-orange infructescence containing approximately 8000 seeds. It has religious aesthetic
purpose in Hindu religion.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
Banglapedia
08. Water Lily
English Name: Water Lily
Bangla Name: SHAPLA (The National Flower)
Scientific Name: Nymphaeaceae

Time period- months of year: While they ought to be another feather in spring's cap, water lilies bloom in late monsoon or
hemonto. Basically It is seen in abundance in the monsoon season (June to September)

Type of Tree: Water Lily Aquatic Plant

Required Environmental Quality: water lilies only grow where the water is somewhat shallow. If you look below the surface
of the water, you will find that they are firmly rooted in the soil that is found on the bottom surface of the water – however much
or little there is. Their stalks then travel up to the surface where they branch out into a variety of leaves and flowers which float
easily and absorb sunlight more readily. The leaves of the water lily are round in shape, though they may have a radial notch or
be completely circular depending on their particular variety. Some water lilies are particularly fragrant while others have barely
any smell at all. Water lilies may be either hardy or tropical – with hardy lilies blooming only during the day and tropical ones
blooming day or night. It is interesting to note that blue-flowered lilies are strictly tropical.

Usage/ Benefit: Like all waterlilies or lotuses, its tubers and rhizomes can be used as food items; they are eaten usually
boiled or roasted. In the case of Nymphaeaceae, its tender leaves and flower peduncles are also valued as food. Water lily or
Shapla is the symbol of a simple natural mind us..

Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: No pond in Bangladesh is complete without this aquatic flower. The peduncle is a popular vegetable to
villagers; the tuberous rhizomes are also eaten. Seeds on frying are eaten as puffed-g rains in some places. The giant water
lily or Amazon water lily (is occasionally grown in some gardens for its enormous (about 2m in diameter) orbicular floating
leaves.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
Banglapedia
The daily Star
02. Fragrant Screw pine
English Name: Fragrant Screw pine
Bangla Name: KEWDA
Scientific Name: Pandanus odorifer
Time period- months of year: The plant can be propagated by off sets or division of the suckers. For raising scented types, a fertile,
well-drained-soil is preferable. The tree begins to flower 3 to 4 years after planting. The flowering period is rainy season (July–
October).

Type of Tree: Screw Tree

Required Environmental Quality: Fragrant Screw pine forest habitat and usually elevations of sea level to 20 m (66 ft), but can grow
at elevations of 600 m (1970 ft) or higher. Kewda plants are found growing along seashores, banks of rivers, ponds, canals, and so
forth [7]. It grows in tropical climate, where it can withstand drought salty spray and strong wind. It propagates readily from seed but it
is also propagated from branch cutting for farm or for garden. It grows fairly quickly.

Usage/ Benefit: Fragrant Screw pine is traditionally recommended by the Indian Ayurvedic medicines for treatment of headache,
rheumatism, spasm, cold/flu, epilepsy, wounds, boils, scabies, leucoderma, ulcers, colic, hepatitis, smallpox, leprosy, syphilis, and
cancer and as a cardiotonic, antioxidant, dysuric, and aphrodisiac. It contains phytochemicals, namely, lignans and isoflavones,
coumestrol, alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, glycosides, proteins, amino acids as well as vitamins and
nutrients, and so forth. It is estimated that there are about 30–40 thousand trees in Ganjam district and nearly to a million spa dices
are annually used for the production of kewda attar, kewda water, and kewda oil.

Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: The scientific research on P. odoratissimus suggests a huge biological potential of this plant. It is strongly believed
that detailed information as presented in this review on the phytochemical and various biological properties of the plant might provide
detailed evidence for the use of this plant in different diseases. The distilled water from flowers is used for inducing perspiration. The
flowers are powdered and included in medicines.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
03. Orange Jasmine
English Name: Orange Jasmine
Bangla Name: KAMINI
Scientific Name: Murraya paniculata

Time period- months of year: Flowering occurs from April to August (Bangladesh) and the fruit is an oval, glabrous, orange-
red berry 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in) long containing densely hairy seeds.

Type of Tree: Orange Jasmine Plant

Required Environmental Quality: Murraya paniculata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 7 m (23 ft) but often flowers
and forms fruit as a shrub, and has smooth pale to whitish bark. There are five (sometimes four) sepals about 1 mm (0.039 in)
long and five (sometimes four) white or cream-colored petals 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in) long.

Usage/ Benefit: It has smooth bark, pinnate leaves with up to seven egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets, fragrant white or cream-
colored flowers and oval, orange-red berries containing hairy seed. It is the preferred host to the insect pest Diaphorina citri, the
citrus psyllid. This psyllid is the vector for the citrus greening disease.

Negative issue: Fragrant flower clusters which attract bees, while the fruits attract small frugivorous birds.

Aesthetic Quality: Murraya paniculata is cultivated as an ornamental tree or hedge because of its hardiness, wide range of
soil tolerance (M. paniculata may grow in alkaline, clayey, sandy, acidic and irony soils), and is suitable for larger hedges.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
Banglapedia
04. Jasmine
English Name: Jasmine
Bangla Name: Jasmine
Scientific Name: Jasminum
Time period- months of year: With enough sun and the right watering and feeding, jasmine flowers will stay open and fresh for you to
enjoy for several months. Night-blooming jasmines flower up to four times per year, after which, they produce white berries full of seeds.
The older varieties of jasmine cultivated during the flowering season (between March and September-end).

Type of Tree: Jasmine Plant

Required Environmental Quality: Well-rooted, healthy and strong seedlings obtained from cutting/layering are planted in each pit. The
best time for planting in most parts of India is during the monsoon but one can plant jasmine almost round the year in climates as of
Bangalore. Once planted, the jasmine remains in the field for 10 - 15 years. A hole is dug in the center of the pit sufficient enough to
accommodate the soil ball of the seedling. The soil ball is placed in the center of the pit and the soil is firmly pressed around the
seedlings. The plants are then immediately watered.

Usage/ Benefit: Spraying of zinc 0.25% and magnesium 0.5% before flowering increases flower yield. For Fe deficiency, FeSO 4 at
5g/lit. is sprayed at monthly intervals until the chlorotic symptoms disappear

Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: Jasmine blooms in clusters from spring until well into the fall. The sweet flowers are most often cream, white or

yellow, depending on the variety, and will attract bees and other pollinators.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
07. Water Hyacinth
English Name: Water Hyacinth
Bangla Name: KOCHURI-PANA
Scientific Name: Pontederia crassipes
Time period- months of year: It is usually sown from mid-February to May.
Type of Tree: Water Hyacinth Aquatic Plant

Required Environmental Quality: The water hyacinth was introduced to Bengal, India because of its beautiful flowers and
shapes of leaves, but turned out to be an invasive weed draining oxygen from the water bodies and resulted in devastation
of fish stock. The water hyacinth was referred to as the "(Beautiful) Blue Devil" in Bengal, and "Bengal Terror“.

Usage/ Benefit: Water hyacinth removes arsenic from arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Water hyacinth is reported for
its efficiency to remove about 60–80% nitrogen and about 69% of potassium from water.
Edibility:
The plant is used as a carotene-rich table vegetable in Taiwan. Javanese sometimes cook and eat the green parts and
inflorescence. Vietnamese also cook the plant and sometimes add its young leaves and flower to their salads.
Medicinal use:
In Malaysia, the flowers are used for medicating the skin of horses. The species is a "tonic".

Negative issue: The outbreak of water hyacinth has seriously affected the biodiversity of the local ecosystem and
threatened the production, life and health of community residents.

Aesthetic Quality: Water hyacinth blue breeds quickly, is easy to float and spread, and can quickly cover the water body,
resulting in poor water transparency. Therefore, in natural waters, water hyacinth blue competes with other aquatic (floating
and submerged) plants and algae for mineral nutrition, sunlight, etc. resources, thereby inhibiting the growth of other aquatic
and algal organisms. It is similar to changing the original food chain in the water body, thereby reducing the stability of the
ecosystem in this water area.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
05. Rangoon creeper
English Name: Rangoon creeper
Bangla Name: MALATI
Scientific Name: Combretum indicum
Time period- months of year: The flower up to four times per year, after which, they produce white berries full of seeds.
The older varieties of jasmine cultivated during the flowering season (between March and September-end).

Type of Tree: Rangoon Plant

Required Environmental Quality: The Rangoon creeper is a ligneous vine that can reach from 2.5 meters to up to 8
meters. The leaves are elliptical with an acuminate tip and a rounded base. They grow from 7 to 15 centimeters and their
arrangement is opposite. The flowers are fragrant and tubular and their color varies from white to pink to red. The 30 to
35 mm long fruit is ellipsoidal and has five prominent wings. The fruit tastes like almonds when mature.

Usage/ Benefit: The seeds of this and related species, Quisqualis fructus and Q. chinensis, contain the chemical quisqualic
acid which is an agonist for the AMPA receptor a kind of glutamate receptor in the brain. The chemical is linked to
excitotoxicity (cell death). The seeds have bee used for treating roundworm and pinworm. It is toxic to the parasite and kills
it in the digestive tract.

Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: The flowers change in color with age and it is thought that this is a strategy to gather more pollinators.
The flower is initially white and opens at dusk. This attracts hawkmoths with long tongues for pollination. On the second day
it turns pink and on the third it turns red attracting day flying bees and birds. The flower also changes from a horizontal
orientation to a drooping pose.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
Banglapedia
06. Four o'clock Flower
English Name: Four o'clock Flower
Bangla Name: SONDHA MALATI
Scientific Name: Mirabilis jalapa

Time period- months of year: It is usually sown from mid-February to May.

Type of Tree: Mirabilis Plant

Required Environmental Quality: The flowers usually open from late afternoon or at dusk (namely between 4 and 8 o'clock),
giving rise to one of its common names. Flowers then produce a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance throughout the night, then close
for good in the morning. New flowers open the following day.

Usage/ Benefit: In herbal medicine, parts of the plant may be used as a diuretic, purgative, and for vulnerary (wound healing)
purposes. The root is believed to be an aphrodisiac as well as having diuretic and purgative properties. It is also used in the
treatment of dropsy. The leaves are used to reduce inflammation. A decoction of them (by mashing and boiling) is used to treat
abscesses. Leaf juice may be used to treat wounds. The bulbous roots of the flower have a laxative effect.
Powdered, the seed of some varieties is used as a cosmetic and a dye. The seeds are considered poisonous. The plant has a
potential for the bioremediation of soils polluted with moderate concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium.

Negative issue: Not founded

Aesthetic Quality: The flowers are yellow, pink and white, but a different combination of flowers growing on the same single four
o’clock plant can be found. Another interesting point is a color-changing phenomenon. For example, in the yellow variety, as the
plant matures, it can display flowers that gradually change to a dark pink color. Similarly, white flowers can change to light violet.
Despite their appearance, the flowers are not formed from petals rather they are a pigmented modification of the calyx. Similarly,
the 'calyx' is an involucre of bracts. The flowers are funnel-shaped and Penta lobed.

References:
Nature and Life - Episode 321 (Seasonal Flowers of Bangladesh)
Wikipedia
Banglapedia
AGRICULTURE
Bitter-Gourd (করলা)
English Name : Bitter-Gourd
Bangla Name : করলা

Scientific Name : Momordica charantia

Time period-months of year : May-August
Types : Cucurbitaceae
Usage : Bitter gourd acts as a hypoglycemic
agent. It is rich source of soluble fiber and is low
in glycemic index, which helps in lowering the
blood sugar level. It is an excellent source of
dietary fiber. Regular consumption of bitter
gourd contributes to relieving constipation and
indigestion.
Characteristics & Size : This very short living
tropical perennial climber with thin stems
can grow up to 5 m in length. Like other plants of
this family, it needs support.
Okra (ঢ্যারস)
English Name : Okra
Bangla Name : ঢ্যারস

Scientific Name : Abelmoschus Esculentus

Time period-months of year : May-August
Types : Malvaceae
Usage : Only the tender unripe fruit is eaten.
As a vegetable, okra may be prepared
like asparagus, sautéed, or pickled, and it is
also an ingredient in various stews and in
the gumbos of the southern United States; the
large amount of mucilage (gelatinous
substance) it contains makes it useful as a
thickener for broths and soups.
Characteristics & Size : Okra can grow from
three to six feet tall. The seeds generally
germinate in two to 12 days.
String Bean (বরবটি)
English Name : String Bean
Bangla Name : বরবটি

Scientific Name : Vigna sesquipedalis

Time period-months of year : June-September
Types : Leguminoseae
Usage : While they may be low in calories, String
beans contain many important nutrients that
provide several health benefits. The legumes are
full of antioxidants, including vitamin C, flavonols,
quercetin, and kaemferol. These antioxidants fight
free radicals in the body, which helps to reduce
cell damage and may help to lower your risk of
certain health conditions.
Characteristics & Size : Varies by type;
bush beans are generally 2 feet tall and 1
foot wide; pole bean vines can reach 10 to 15
feet tall and about 1 foot wide
Teasle gourd (কাাঁকররাল)

English Name : Teasle gourd

Bangla Name : কাাঁকজরাল

Scientific Name : Momordica cochinchinensis

Time period-months of year : June-September
Types : Cucurbitaceae
Usage : Kakrol (Momordica dioica), commonly
known as spiny gourd or teasle gourd, is an
underutilized vegetable. Its fruit, young twigs and
leaves are used for consumption as well as
remedy for several diseases.
Characteristics & Size : The plant is a medium
climber 5 to 7 m in length growing on the shrubs.
Ribbed Gourd (ঝিরে)

English Name : Ribbed gourd

Bangla Name : পিজে

Scientific Name : Luffa acutagula

Time period-months of year : June-September
Types : Cucurbitaceae
Usage : It is actually a palatable vegetable that is
known as Vegetable Gourd, Silk squash, Angled
luffa, etc. Green fruits are using as vegetable and
a cleaning sponge can be derived from the
mature fruits.
Characteristics & Size : The plant is a medium
climber 3 to 4 m in length growing on the shrubs.
Fern and Shrubs
 01. Garden Balsam

English name: Garden Balsam

Bangla name: খ াপাটি
Scientific name: Impatiens Balsamina
Time period-months of year: June to September
Type of tree: Shrub, Floral
Required environment: Wet soil, not too wet
Usage/benefit: Give colorful flowers. The flower
come in many colors and they grow fast, making it a
highly profitable for business. It also has medicinal
value for skin problems and bruises.
Aesthetic Value: Colorful, Mostly give warm color
flowers
 02. Spider Lily

English name: Spider Lily or Poison Bulb

Bangla name: সুখদর্নশ ব়া ন়াগদল
Scientific name: Crinum asiaticum
Time period-months of year: June to September
Type of tree: Shrub, Floral
Required environment: Moist but well drained
Usage/benefit: Visually pleasing all around the year.
Has herbal value.
Negative issue: The plant is poisonous if consumed.
But might cause skin irritation as well from it’s extract.
Aesthetic quality: Small shrub plant, the flowers are
thick grass-like and big, the leaves are longer and
bigger, making it beautiful and eye-pleasing always.
Other characteristics: It produces a sweet smell.
 03. Key Lime

English name: Key Lime

Bangla name: ক়াগজি পলবু
Scientific name: Citrus aurantifolia
Time period-months of year: June to September
Type of tree: Shrub, Fruit/vegetable
Required environment: Monsoon is mostly preferred
Usage/benefit: Widely used edible citrus fruit, easy to
harvest, give 150-200 limes per year, has economic
values, the leaves has beautiful smell.
Negative issue: The tree is thorny
Aesthetic quality: A medium size tree, leaves has a
bold saturated Green same as the limes.
 04. Aquatic Fern

English name: Aquatic Fern

Bangla name: ে়ানন প েঁ নক
Scientific name: Ceratopteris thalictroides
Time period-months of year: June to September
Type of tree: Fern, Aquatic
Required environment: Wet, moist area
Usage/benefit: Used as Green fertilizer. Consumed
as vegetable at some places. Its extract has herbal
value as a pain-killer.
 05. Swamp Oak

English name: Swamp Oak or Swamp Sheoak

Bangla name: N/A
Scientific name: Casuarina glauca
Type of tree: Fern
Usage/benefit: Good source of timber, can tolerate
salinity of sea-shore soil
Negative issue: In urban setting, its root might
invade underground water and sewer pipes.
 06. Golden Leather Fern

English name: Golden leather fern or Mangrove fern

Bangla name: ট়াইগ়ার ফ়ান শ
Scientific name: Acrostichum aureum
Type of tree: Fern
Required environment: Mangrove swamps
Usage/benefit: Young leaves are edible as salads
Aesthetic quality: Its leaves are very long and very
saturated and dark Green. It grows massively, giving
the Sunderban an distinct and iconic view
 07. King Fern

English name: King fern or Elephant fern

Bangla name: প নকয়া র়্াক ব়া র়াি প নকয়া
Scientific name: Angiopteris evecta
Type of tree: Fern
Required environment: Wet, moist
Usage/benefit: Edible as Vegetable, used as herbal
Negative issue: Invasive species