Zero Year Program

2020-2021

Annotated Bibliography

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Page 1 of 7
 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

Topic: Kazakhstani Teachers’ Perceptions about Difficulties in Teaching & Learning the
Grammar of EFL

Entry 1 - Bibliographic Reference

Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role
of grammar instruction and corrective feedback: USA‐Colombia. The Modern
Language Journal, 85(2), 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-
7902.00107

This journal article is published in the Modern Language Journal, in its 85th volume. This peer

reviewed journal has been publishing for 104 years and has an impact factor of

3.538. Although this journal focuses on publishing non-English language texts, Schulz text is in

English. Dr. Schulz is a professor at the University of Arizona, in the Department of German

Studies. She is a former department head and has held the presidency of the National Federation of

Modern Language Teachers' Associations and of the American Association of Teachers of German.

Dr Schulz’s article argues that teachers must understand their students’ perceptions about how to

enhance learning to avoid a mismatch between beliefs and instruction style. Her study explores the

topics of the pros & cons of grammar teaching, universal grammar and communicative teaching.

Schulz replicated her own 1996 study, but in 1997 and with Colombian and American participants.

She used questionnaires with 3 point likert scales on 122 teachers and 607 students. Her findings

include that Colombian students want to study grammar more than US students, Colombian

teachers place more importance on grammar teaching than US teachers, and 46% of students but

only 18% of teachers thought that students liked studying grammar. Although this article matches

my topic in that it is about grammar, teacher perceptions and English, the location of this research is

the USA and Colombia. This does not match my topic, as I intend to write about Kazakhstan. I can

use the finding that teachers and students differ SO much on liking studying grammar to show any

study that looks at

Page 2 of 7
 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

teachers’ perceptions in Kazakhstan should also take into account that they may not be effective

if they don’t also measure students’ perceptions.

Page 3 of 7
 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

Topic: Kazakhstani Teachers’ Perceptions about Difficulties in Teaching & Learning the
Grammar of EFL

Entry 2 - Bibliographic Reference

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla dapibus enim nec convallis

vulputate. Mauris in dolor augue. Donec non lectus malesuada, dictum mi non, semper urna.

Mauris commodo faucibus orci, eget lacinia purus tincidunt nec. Nulla in mauris volutpat, varius

erat et, lobortis metus. Praesent a sollicitudin lectus, non tincidunt mi.

Quisque a lectus diam. Praesent ac nulla massa. Sed accumsan aliquam ex, in egestas sapien

laoreet sed. In laoreet semper ipsum, sed auctor risus auctor sed. Maecenas iaculis erat nec neque

porttitor, in fermentum leo commodo. Fusce gravida sapien odio, vitae aliquam purus varius in.

Aenean at ante diam. Donec suscipit vulputate interdum. Vestibulum vitae porta turpis, sed

vestibulum tellus. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur

ridiculus mus. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus

mus. Maecenas sollicitudin dapibus mi. Maecenas lectus dolor, volutpat pharetra pretium et,

pellentesque dapibus ligula. Ut volutpat viverra dolor id imperdiet. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis

in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia curae; Vivamus varius porta mi, vitae ornare

magna blandit nec. Donec a placerat diam. Duis convallis velit justo, nec interdum enim

pellentesque at.

Phasellus luctus tellus et ultricies consectetur. Vivamus vel lobortis nibh, non vulputate orci. Orci

varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Phasellus at velit

tortor. Proin diam nibh, vestibulum nec neque sed, sodales dictum quam. Morbi ut venenatis

libero. In consequat sem eget ex elementum, eu vestibulum sapien hendrerit. Aenean id finibus

dolor, at pellentesque.

Page 4 of 7
 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

Topic: Kazakhstani Teachers’ Perceptions about Difficulties in Teaching & Learning the
Grammar of EFL

Entry 3 - Bibliographic Reference

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam quis cursus arcu. Fusce at leo

neque. Cras neque sapien, dignissim a velit ac, condimentum hendrerit eros. Nulla rutrum enim

quis ultricies eleifend. Mauris tempus ante id dui viverra sagittis. Pellentesque dapibus posuere leo,

ut gravida lorem rutrum quis. Proin pharetra nunc felis, non convallis diam varius eget. Sed vitae

finibus odio. Sed egestas mattis mattis. Nulla ac leo pulvinar, tempus arcu cursus, egestas sapien.

Aenean sodales vel leo venenatis tempus. Donec magna lacus, aliquet id risus vel, sodales tempus

nulla. Nunc at nulla vel est sagittis malesuada. Donec non euismod orci. Etiam ut nulla vel dolor

tincidunt consequat.

Pellentesque et nisl maximus, gravida turpis id, porttitor mauris. Praesent malesuada, eros euismod

ullamcorper dapibus, odio libero auctor orci, sed euismod leo justo sed nisl. Nunc imperdiet diam

quis lacus tempor, in hendrerit metus dapibus. Fusce tincidunt dapibus velit. Nulla non dui odio.

Pellentesque ultricies elit purus, et rhoncus risus ornare vel.

Praesent non est eget augue interdum fringilla a a erat. Praesent quis dui ac magna tempus ultricies

eu ut orci. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam erat volutpat. Vivamus

aliquet auctor odio, eget accumsan augue porta eget. Ut sollicitudin, nisl ac imperdiet tempor, velit

felis fringilla tortor, in placerat ipsum erat id magna. Nam varius eleifend ligula, tristique dictum

ante egestas at. Nam id nulla in elit sodales fringilla. Aenean eget leo erat. Fusce varius dolor id

libero congue, et dapibus ipsum.

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 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

Topic: Kazakhstani Teachers’ Perceptions about Difficulties in Teaching & Learning

the Grammar of EFL

Entry 6 - Bibliographic

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam eget bibendum leo, ac elementum ex.

Proin massa sapien, ultrices consectetur est in, accumsan pellentesque dolor. Nunc gravida est eget

fringilla condimentum. Donec facilisis enim tortor, et pharetra sem auctor eget. Maecenas

pellentesque hendrerit risus, vel tincidunt libero elementum sed. Duis malesuada mauris ac pharetra

ultricies. Nulla bibendum velit quis orci hendrerit, dictum viverra nulla vehicula. Nulla facilisi. Ut

non arcu nisi. Fusce ac rhoncus tellus. Nulla eget felis suscipit, venenatis felis eu, sagittis dolor.

Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Interdum

et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Suspendisse rutrum ex non leo fringilla, id

finibus nisl gravida. Curabitur lacinia tellus suscipit ullamcorper ullamcorper. Sed porta tristique

tempus. Suspendisse ac egestas orci. Suspendisse consequat nunc ac ultrices vehicula. Mauris

posuere libero nec rhoncus vestibulum. Aliquam erat volutpat. Curabitur volutpat suscipit nibh eu

sagittis. Donec volutpat mauris eget est luctus, ut hendrerit justo euismod. Suspendisse at tristique

ante. Sed sagittis felis non leo auctor, id mollis magna venenatis. Ut faucibus risus sapien. Integer

nec eros sed dui tincidunt lobortis a id purus. Duis condimentum turpis sit amet mi sagittis, eget

cursus urna volutpat. Nulla facilisi. Morbi ornare fermentum orci, sed hendrerit eros pretium vel.

Curabitur scelerisque maximus tellus et efficitur. Vivamus quis turpis ac orci interdum accumsan id

sed enim. Duis rutrum sagittis quam et elementum. Fusce metus nisl, cursus sit amet ipsum nec,

ultrices faucibus arcu. Maecenas pulvinar ante ultrices urna gravida placerat. Sed sit amet.

Page 6 of 7
 Zero Year Program
2020-2021

Topic: Kazakhstani Teachers’ Perceptions about Difficulties in Teaching & Learning

the Grammar of EFL

Entry 7 - Bibliographic

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer neque libero, malesuada quis

aliquet vitae, lobortis vitae felis. Phasellus maximus sem tortor, sed pellentesque dolor rhoncus

vehicula. In blandit, risus sed vehicula pharetra, metus ante viverra enim, quis viverra turpis nisi

sed purus. Nullam tristique diam eu elementum pharetra. Sed sit amet metus non arcu ultrices

tincidunt. Fusce malesuada pharetra tortor, sed molestie nibh lobortis sit amet. Praesent venenatis

lacus enim, ac vulputate erat pellentesque non. Integer tincidunt leo eget felis pretium vestibulum.

In nisi diam, condimentum at magna vitae, luctus accumsan lorem. Pellentesque in imperdiet sem.

Curabitur ac urna a libero vulputate bibendum. Ut rutrum justo ac purus ullamcorper, ac posuere

risus malesuada. Morbi malesuada arcu sapien, in vestibulum velit consectetur vel. Vestibulum ut

elementum sem. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus

mus. In at leo quis dolor aliquet pulvinar. Donec et risus vitae neque dapibus commodo in vitae

mi. Morbi non ornare ipsum. Nulla facilisis orci ut dui ornare, ac luctus sem eleifend. Nullam

ultrices augue lectus, ut iaculis dui tincidunt et. Nullam in interdum nisl, non dignissim eros. Nulla

finibus erat tincidunt sodales pharetra. Suspendisse mollis facilisis est, nec finibus tellus eleifend

vitae. Donec at lectus vestibulum, facilisis dui non, cursus sem. Etiam id nulla volutpat, vulputate

est nec, sagittis mi. Nam ut turpis volutpat, auctor ligula id, convallis magna. Suspendisse arcu

risus, cursus condimentum orci suscipit, auctor tempus erat. Vivamus pulvinar.

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