SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULES
IN GRADE 12
TVL TRACK
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 4
 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W3-D1

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ________________

 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W3-D1

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ________________

 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W4-D1

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN
st
21 Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
First Quarter/ Week 4/ Day 1
OBJECTIVE: makes a comparative analysis of literature from contemporary and colonial
period focused on the structures and elements of literature (EN12Lit-Id-25)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

▪Comparison of Philippine Literature colonial and contemporary periods focused
on the structures and Element of Poetry
▪ And If the Heart Can Not Love by Jose Garcia Villa and The Martyr by Nick
Joaquin

TRY TO DISCOVER!
The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved throughout the country’s history from
pre-colonial socio-political history to its colonial and contemporary traditions.

The key difference between colonial and contemporary literature obviously is their time period.
So, let’s simply differentiate the two periods.

Philippine Colonial Literature Philippine Contemporary Literature

Setting: literature written, developed and Setting: literature written, developed and
published during the colonial periods from published after World War II
Spanish, American to Japanese occupation

Themes: Themes:
• writings dealt with nationalism, country, • reflects on society’s social, political and
love, life in barrios, faith, religion, and arts personal

Genres: poetry, folk songs, recreational play Genres: poetry, short stories, novellas,
and drama; novels, short story, critical essay novels, flash fiction, memoirs, and
and short fiction autobiographies

Some notable and legendary poetry and Some notable and legendary works and
authors: authors:
▪ Jose Rizal (Mi Ultimo Adios) ▪ Nick Joaquin (The Martyr)
▪ Jose Garcia Villa (And If the Heart Can ▪ Bienvenido N. Santos (Distances: In
Not Love) Time, 1983)
▪ Francisco Balagtas (Florante at Laura, ▪ Marjorie M. Evaso (Elemental)
1838) ▪ Conchitina Cruz (Signals)
▪ Rafael Zulueta Da Costa (Like the ▪ Francisco Guevara (There was the
Molave) Climate)
▪ Gonzalo K. Flores (Dragonfly; Invitation)

REFERENECES FOR FURTHER ENHANCEMENT

• Solmerano, E.M. et al. (2017). Telling the tuth: The art of creative nonfiction. Quezon City C&E Publishing, Inc.
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-contemporary-literature-definition-writing-style.html
• https://www.reference.com/world-view/characteristics-contemporary-literature-24f12fd15cbf9c6e
• http://cordite.org.au/chapbooks-features/the-centre-cannot-hold/
• https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/nick-joaquin-life-a00293-20190507-lfrm
• https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/article-structure-in-poetry

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

Poetry – literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience of a

specific emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning,
sound, and rhythm.

There are three major categories of poetry: narrative, lyric, and dramatic.
• Narrative poems-tell stories, they may be short and simple, others are long and complex.
• Dramatic poems-employ dramatic form or elements of dramatic technique such as dialogue or
characters, instead of just single speaker or persona.
• Lyric poem-are brief in structure and subjective in expressing the thoughts and emotions of the
persona, the speaker of the poem. The words in these poems could be lyrics which are strongly
melodic. Songs, sonnets, haikus, are examples of this

Understanding the Elements of Poetry

Imagery. Use of image is a constant in poetry. It is the literal representation of an

1 experience of object that is perceived through the sense, presented in language in a way that
we can see, smell, hear, taste, touch, of feel it as our imagination allows.
Figurative language. Devices that help beautify or make the language more poetic than it

2 already is. The most common used figures of speech are simile, metaphor, personification, and
onomatopoeia
Sound. Poetry is much on oral as it is a visual form; therefore, it is meant to be recited and

3 read aloud to reveal its true merit. The rhymes scheme and the meter that a poem
employs add to the sound of the poem.
Persona. The speaker of the poem is not necessarily the poet. In many cases, poets create a

4 persona (a word that comes from Latin which means “mask”) who speaks the poem in the first
persona.

Understanding the Structure of Poetry. Structure of a poem refers to the way it is presented to the
reader.
Line length. Shows the reader how it should be read. Short lines are usually read faster, with more
emotion. Longer lines slow down the pace of a poem. Choosing
appropriate line breaks gives a reader a chance to take a natural breath.
Stanzas. The groups of lines, are like paragraph in prose. They contain a central idea. having multiple
1
stanzas gives readers a chance to focus on multiple ideas. Think about a page with writing. It is more
manageable to read it if all words flow together as one paragraph or if they are broken apart into appropriate
paragraphs? The same works with poetry.
Consistency. Structure also refers to consistency used throughout the poem. An
2
author might start each line with a certain part of speech, or a repeated line or phrase is used at the same
spot in each stanza 3
Now, let’s read the poems slowly in a normal, relaxed tone of voice three times. Check the boxes if
accomplished for both the The Martyr and And If the Heart Can Not Love poems

Philippine Colonial Poetry:

And If the Heart Can Not Love
by Jose Garcia Villa
And if the heart can not love I read the poems once
death can not cure it nor sleep
no splendor of wound the heart
had no sound I read the poems twice
Bloom has escaped it and
birth the miraculous flower I read the poems thrice
and music and speech leave
it unbewitched

God it can not spell nor sun

nor lover the beautiful word
and it has no sound no sound
nor wound

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

Philippine Contemporary Poetry:

The Martyr
by Nick Joaquin
Being in love means never having to say you’re sorry
After all, at some point in your life
That love was the most important thing to you,
That love might be the one that you hoped would last forever,
That love made you believe that destiny does exist,
And that love made you question,
Why you were afraid to fall in love in the first place.

At that time in your life, Everything

just seemed so perfect, Everything
seemed so beautiful, Everything
seemed to glow for you, And you
were my everything.

I wouldn't even think twice about sacrificing my own happiness for yours,
I was even willing to bare up this walled but crumpled heart of mine, Just
so I could be with you.
All I ever did was care for you.
All I ever did was to make you happy.
And all I ever did was love you.

Being in love means never having to say you’re sorry

But I needed to ask forgiveness from the one who was hurt the most…
Myself.

It’s time for us to make a comparative analysis of literature from colonial and contemporary periods
focusing both the structures and elements of poetry.

Poems And If the Heart Can Not Love The Martyr

by Jose Garcia Villa by Nick Joaquin
A. Elements of Poetry
The poet appeals to the readers the love
The poet appeals to the readers the
as emotion, imagining a picture of
Imagery possibilities of someone who can’t
wonderful feeling and thoughts of being in-
experience love or feel love
love
-Anaphora, uses specific clause at the
beginning of each line to make a point
-metaphor (cooperation of two things -metaphor, comparing two things not alike
Figurative directly) such as heart-love; death-sleep etc. such as love and the persona
Language -Synecdoche (heart represented as a
human)
-a free verse poem
-with non-rhyming four- line stanza at the end
-does not contain patterns of rhyme or meter
Sound -using scheme ABDC
- sample of lyric poem
-sample of a lyric poem
The persona’s voice is in the 3rd
The voice of the speaker is in the 2 nd person
person point of view “it” where the poet
Persona point of view “you and your” where the poet used pronouns in character
used pronouns in character shifting roles shifting roles
B. Structures of Poetry
-Line length or number of feet (meter) is not too
-has a different line length since it is a free
consistent
Line Length verse doesn’t follow any pattern
-combination of tetrameter, trimester & dimeter
(4, 3 & 2 feet),

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

-heterometric stanza (stanza in

Stanza -quatrain (stanza with 4 lines)
-Poem started with the condition, followed with
multiple possibilities or effects that could take
place if the heart can’t love
Consistency - repeated line or phrase is used at the same
spot in another stanza
-with parallel structure or pattern
which every line has a different
length
-the author start other lines with that
function as adjective, modifies noun
love
-other lines start with everything
function as pronoun

Jose Garcia Villa (1908-1997)

• Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer and painter
• National Artist of the Philippines for Literature
• Penname: Doveglion (derived from Dove, Eagle, Lion)
• Known to have introduces the “reverse consonant rhyme scheme with extensive use of
punctuation marks such as commas- made him known as Comma Poet
• Considered as legendary Filipino author in the colonial periods up to the present

Nick Joaquin (1917-2004)

• Filipino writer and journalist best known for his stories and novels in the English language
• National artist of the Philippines
• Penname: Quijano de Manila
• Considered as legendary Filipino author in the contemporary periods up to the present

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1. Going back to the comparative analysis of two poems. Note the
similarities and differences of And If the Heart Can Not Love by Jose Garcia Villa and The Martyr
by Nick Joaquin in terms of structures and elements of poetry using the Venn Diagram below.

“And If the Heart Can Not Love” “The Martyr”

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2 Construct your own creative, unique and colorful graphic organizer
about the structures and elements of poetry in a short bond paper. Don’t forget to mark a border
and write your Name, Track/Strand/Gr & Sec., Teacher and Module Exercises 2 on top of it. And
let your parent/guardian sign your exercise 2 at the bottom right corner of the page.

. Tick (check) the box if you completed the PRACTICE EXERCISES 2 in the
short bond paper signed by your parent/guardian and insert it in this module
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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3 Reflect on the learning that you gained after taking up this lesson by
completing the given chart. Then read it aloud in front of your parent/guardian and ask his/her
feedback
I learned that

GENERALIZATION
To summarize the lesson for today, you must include the key points in your long-term memory.
• Philippine Colonial Literature - literature written, developed and published during the colonial
periods from Spanish, American to Japanese occupation (And If the Heart Can Not Love by
Jose Garcia Villa)
• Philippine Contemporary Literature - literature written, developed and published after World
War II (The Martyr by Nick Joaquin)
• Three major categories of poetry: narrative; lyric; dramatic poetry
• Elements of Poetry: Imagery; Figurative Language; Sound; Persona
• Structure of Poetry: Line Length; Stanza; Consistency

EVALUATION
Let’s expand our imagination by writing an essay. From the Practice Exercises 1, integrate the
ideas you have written in the Venn diagram into good essay. Incorporate the ideas and make a
comparison between the two poems, And If the Heart Can Not Love by Jose Garcia Villa and
The Martyr by Nick Joaquin in terms of structures and elements of poetry.

Writer: ROSELYN M. DELA PEÑA, PCWHS

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN
st
21 Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
First Quarter/ Week 4/ Day 2

OBJECTIVE: compares and contrasts literature from contemporary and colonial period
focused on the traditions (EN12Lit-Id-25)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

Poetry:
• When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge (Bikol Region)
• Third World Geography by Cirilo F. Bautista (National Capital Region)

TRY TO DISCOVER!
The diversity and richness of Philippine literature, particularly poetry evolved throughout
the history. This can best be appreciated in the context of the country’s socio-political history
of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
Philippine Poetry during Colonial and Contemporary Periods
Philippine Colonial Period. Filipinos are not strangers to poetry. It has been part of
Filipino culture and tradition ever since pre-Hispanic times. Poetry composed during
Spanish period were primarily used to spread Christianity. Poetic work was commonly
written in two languages, Spanish and Tagalog. The most notable poet of the Spanish era
is Francisco Baltazar, known as Balagtas and acknowledged as the master of Tagalog
Poetry. His epic poetry, Florante at Laura showcasing the abuse and tyranny happening
in the Philippines at the time.

Other influential poets in the Spanish period are Jose Rizal on his Mi Ultimo Adios,
Andres Bonifacio on his Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Fernando Bagongbanta on his
Salamat nang Walang Hanggan poem and other fellows, whose efforts and writings
centered on a growing sense of national identity.

The arrival of Americans and their introduction of the new educational system, again
set off a series of changes to Philippine poetry. From Tagalog language, English was
deeply entrenched as the medium not only in the schools’ instruction, but also in the literary
works that highlighted the writer’s consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of
social consciousness. New literary forms such as modern and free verse poem of Jose
Garcia Villa entitled When I was No Bigger than the Huge stood out for his ability to use
English to create a new style of poetry, the same with Carlos Bulusan poem, Letter from
America and Lope K. Santos, Ang Panggingera.

REFERENECES FOR FURTHER ENHANCEMENT

• https://anelepapers.wordpress.com/2017/01/04/the-literary-forms-in-philippine-literature/
• https://thirdworldgeography.wordpress.com/2017/07/23/third-world-geography-by-cirilo-f-
bautista/
• https://www.scribd.com/document/360674394/When-I-Was-No-Bigger-Than-a-Huge- by-
Jose-Garcia-Villa
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Lacaba
• http://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/263
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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

During the period, the country’s literature in general was fully interrupted. The period
has been called as one of the darkest days in the history and literary tradition of the
Philippines. English medium was stopped and later turned to writing in Filipino. Haiku and
Tanka are the Japanese poems with a short free verse in style that were introduced and
used by the poets in a Filipino language. The favorite themes of Haiku writers include nature,
love, patriotism, nationalism, friendship, and the human emotions. The Famous haiku
writers are Gonzao K. Flores on his Tutubi (Dragonfly) and Anyaya (Invitation) and
Idelfonso Santos on his Palay and Kabibe (Shell).
Poetry during Philippine Contemporary Period
The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continued, especially
with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence
of committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s.
Filipino poets of this era proved to be politically aware, who was writing under the
censorship of the dictatorial regime of Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986). Several poets
formed a literary organization to protest the abuse of the government. In keeping with its
oral and poetic origin, the contemporary period was initiated by poets who wrote in Tagalog
but who are equally versatile in English.
Poetry continues to be enlivened by the work of authors, most specially Virgilio
Almario, who has been described as the voice of the contemporary poetry in Tagalog.
Some of his best works, including Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo (Photograph and Souvenirs,
1984) and the 1989 Palipad-Hangin (Hints), are firmly based in the poetic tradition of the
Philippine past while thoroughly a part of the historical resent. Other influential poets in the
contemporary period are Cirilo Bautista on his Third World Geography; Jose F. Lacaba
(Prometheus Unbound) and Alfredo N. Salanga (A Philippine History Lesson), whose
poetry, write in the idiom of the common people.

Tradition
statement, belief or behavior (folk custom), practice handed down from generation to
generation with symbolic meaning or special sinificant with origins in the past
Now, let’s boost your reading comprehension by comparing and contrasting the poems from
contemporary and colonial periods focused on the traditions. If the poems read in a relax-tone
of voice three times, check the boxes provided.

Colonial Period Contemporary Period

When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge
An excerpt of the poem written by Jose
Garcia Villa (1908-1997)
When, I, was, no, bigger, than, a, huge, Star, in,
my, self, I, began, to, write, My,
Theology, Of,
rose, and,
Tiger: till, I, burned, with, their
Pure, and, Rage. Then, was, I, Wrath- Ful,
And, most,
Gentle: most,
Dark, and, yet, most, Lit: in, me, an, Eye,
there, grew: springing, Vision,
Its,
Gold, and, Its,
wars. Then,
I, knew, the, Lord, was, not, my, Creator!
–Not, He, the, Unbegotten—but, I, saw,
The,
Creator,
Was, I—and,
I, began, to, Die, and, I, began, to, Grow.
Third World Geography
Cirilo F. Bautista (Manila)
A country without miracles sits
heavy on the map,
Thinking of banana trees rotting in
the sunlight.
The man who watches over it
has omman deered all hopes,
place them in a sack,
and tied its loose end.
He goes around carrying it on
his back.
When asked what is inside,
he says, “Just a handful of feathers, just a
handful of feathers.”
That’s how light the burden
of government is in peace time—
any tyrant can turn it into a metaphor. You
kneel on the parched earth
and pray for rice. Only the wind
hears your useless words. The
country without miracles tries to
get up the page,but the bold ink
and sharp colors hold it down

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

Poem Title Day on the Farm Third World Geography

José Garcia Villa Cirilo F. Bautista
(5 August 1908 – 7 February 1997) (9 July 1941 – 6 May 2018)
*Filipino poet, literary critic, short story *Filipino poet, critic, essayist and
Poet writer, and painter fictionist from Manila
*National Artist of the Philippines for *National Artist of the Philippines
literature (1973) (2014)
*Comma Poet
Colonial Period Contemporary Period
Period

Region Bikol region (Camarines Sur) National Capital Region (Manila)

*known for the values; love of God, *known for the values; love of God,
Tradition country and family country and family
*Close family ties and religiosity
*Faith *Poverty, Hope, Government and
Theme *Hope Hunger
*Nationalism and patriotism
The wars referring to his negation about Bautista’s poem is rich with figures
God’s supremacy despite of having the of imagery, speech, and allegory
vision of certainty, were cleared upon all aimed of creating a solid
him seeing the Creator himself. Thus, impression on the reader. The 1 st
made him to end and clear all his doubts allegorical image is the “country”.
(I began to die) and began with certainty It personifies the Philippines
(to grow). Life is not always about trapped by its own weight,
Traditional happiness. It’s a balance of happiness helpless to its own decaying state.
interpretation and sadness. Another image is “the man who
watches over it” referring to the
Bicolanos are conscious by nature with it dictator at that time.
comes to faith in God and self-
assurance, these are the traditional traits Manileῆo are courageous and
interpreted in the poem. patient by nature, these traditional
traits are shown in the poem.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1. Going back to the comparative analysis of two poems. Note
the similarities and differences of When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge and Third World
Geography in terms of traditons using the Venn Diagram below.

When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge Third World Geography

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
PRACTICE EXERCISES 2 Draw a picture. Construct a creative and colorful picture out of the
poem that shows or depict tradition in the plane provided.

When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge Third World e ra y

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3 Using text messaging or messenger, ask someone from the Bicol
region and someone from National Capital Region about their traditional traits. Write their
responses on the chat boxes.

Monday, 15 Sept *9:00am

Good Morning! How are you?

Monday, 15 Sept

Monday, 15 Sept *9:15am

Good! By the way, I want to know more about your tradition in Bicol
region, can you tell me some of your common traditions that that you
are proud of as Bicolano with it comes to behavior or character?
Monday, 15 Sept

Monday, 15 Sept *9:00am

Good Morning! How are you?

Monday, 15 Sept

Monday, 15 Sept *9:15am

Good! By the way, I want to know more about our Tagalog
tradition, can you tell me some of the common traditions that that
you are proud of as Manileῆo with it comes to behavior or
character? Monday, 15 Sep

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

GENERALIZATION
To summarize the lesson for today, you must include the key points in your long-term memory.
Poetry during Philippine Colonial Periods
Spanish Period
Francisco Baltazar (Florante at Laura)
Jose Rizal (Mi Ultimo Adios)
Andres Bonifacio (Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa)
Fernando Bagongbanta (Salamat nang Walang Hanggan)
American Period
Jose Garcia Villa (When I was No Bigger than the Huge)
Carlos Bulusan (Letter from America)
Lope K. Santos (Ang Panggingera)
Japanese Period
Gonzao K. Flores (Tutubi); (Anyaya)
Idelfonso Santos (Palay); (Kabibe)
Poetry during Contemporary Period
Virgilio Almario (Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo; Palipad-Hangin)
Cirilo Bautista (Third World Geography)
Jose F. Lacaba (Prometheus Unbound)
Alfredo N. Salanga (A Philippine History Lesson)

EVALUATION
Let’s expand your imagination by writing an essay. From the Practice Exercises 1, integrate
the ideas you have written in the Venn diagram into good essay. Compare and contrast the
ideas of two poems, When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge by Jose Garcia Villa and Third
World Geography by Cirilo F. Bautista in terms of traditions.

Note: Let your parent/guardian check all your exercises and ask his/her feedbacks out of it. Then,
let him/her sign below. This will be credited as additional points in your total sore for following
instruction smoothly.

Name of Parent/Guardian & Signature

Writer: ROSELYN M. DELA PEÑA, PCWHS

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN
st
21 Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
First Quarter/ Week 4/ Day 3
OBJECTIVE: do a critical analysis / interpretation of the works from the contemporary
period (EN12Lit-Id-25)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

▪ Analyzing a Novel
▪ Green Sanctuary (An excerpt by Antonio Enriquez)

TRY TO DISCOVER!
What is a novel?
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which
is typically published as a book. Such as the sample given below. Kindly read and understand
its content.

Sample novel of Contemporary period. If read three times, check this box
Green Sanctuary
An excerpt by Antonio Enriquez
Zamboanga/Misamis Oriental, 1991
Pikit was the oldest town in Cotabato, they said. And the townsfolks said too that
hundreds of years ago, a Spanish ship had dropped anchor in the Pulanggi River, and while
the awed Moros watched, Spanish soldiers in iron clothes (mail coat) came down her
gangplank and discovered the town behind the cogon grass and under the great balete
trees. The Spanish soldiers’ faces were white as paper, with straight high noses and
glistening, unstained teeth which bore no reddish stain from the juice of mama (betelnut
chew). The Spaniards apparently had not stayed long in Pikit, for Alberto had not seen a
mestizo or mestizas in town since his arrival some three months ago. This was not at all
like his hometown. Zamboanga, where the Spanish conquistadores (and licentious friars)
had sown so many seeds that mestizas bloomed widely like bougainvillea flowers, and the
old people spoke fluent Castellano and the streets were named after saints or places in
Spain.

REFERENECES FOR FURTHER ENHANCEMENT:

• Sanchez L. A. et al. (2016). 21st century literature from the Philippines and the world.
Quezon City. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
• https://sevenweekswithliterature11.wordpress.com/2018/09/17/the-journey-begins/
• https://www.sushidog.com/bpss/appendix.htm
• https://yourlanguagestrategies.blogspot.com/2019/05/a-literary-criticism-of-sionil-
joses.html
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introliterature/chapter/how-to-analyze-a-novel/
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introliterature/chapter/how-to-analyze-a-short-story/
• https://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/elejeune/critique.htm
• https://gsquad.home.blog/2018/09/27/the-green-sanctuary/

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
Not so long ago the commercial bus never stopped in Pikit; not even long enough for its cloud
of dust to settle back in the highway. Instead, it disgorged its passengers at the nearest small
village, and they had to walk about two kilometers to the town proper carrying their baggage on
their backs. Those who refused to get off, or asked for a fare refund, were kicked off the bus by
the conductors, divested of their luggage or cargo, and were forced to walk barefoot to the
nearest barrio where they brought slippers or rubber shoes.
If a bus stopped in Pikit, the Moros there deflated the tires with their wooden clubs, smashed
the lights and windshields to smithereens. Then marketgoers and storeowners
stripped off its wooden parts and burned them for fuel; the townsfolk dismantled the chassis
and engine and sold the metal by the kilo in Cotabato City over a hundred kilometers away. Only
the skeleton of the bus was left on the road to rust and corrode under the sun and rain, and for
naked children to play all sorts of games on. But what the children loved to play most was being
grown-ups, replaying the parts the townsfolk had in dismantling the bus.
Up along the road and just before the market-place, an abandoned truck chassis, or what
was left of it, was covered with vines and climbers whose tentacles would round and intertwined
with its steel and iron frame. They grew thick and luxuriously green, and here
and there flowers bloomed as though on an abandoned and forgotten grave. The flowers were
orange, yellow, and red and early in the morning their tiny petals glistened under beads of dew
and where wonderful to look at. Long before the Cerdeza, Surveying company men came, they
said the bus had been hastily abandoned on the highway when a datu from Matalam ordered
Christians down and raked the side of the bus with bullets. The automatic carbine went tat-tat-
tat-tat and made holes on the side of the bus as big as thumbs. A four- year-old child abandoned
by the mother died there on the bus, his head blown off and his scalp plastered on the wooden
backrest of his chair.
At six o’clock every evening, the sari-sari stores and carinderias along the road were closed
and barred with wooden boards. No one walked there after this hour, and the policeman on beat
changed his uniform into civilian clothes and drank with his buddies in one of the tuba stores far
from the town proper. And then the rats and tomcats emerged form their hiding, and the dog
scavenged the garbage dumps for crumbs. Only Datu Mantel, they said, walked the main road,
his 45-calibre handgun hanging low from his hip.
One night a drunkard lost his way home, and on the main street Datu Mantel shot him
neatly between his eyes. Like the bodies of other murdered men, the drunkard’s corpse
was not found the next day, and the chief of police did not send a policeman after the datu.
Because one evening, a week before the murder, while two of them were drinking in a bar, Datu
Mantel slapped him across the face and challenged him to draw his gun. The chief of police new
that with one hand Datu Mantel could draw and at the same time clock his 45 - calibre handgun
while it was still in its holster, as though it were a toy gun. Said Datu Mantel to the chief police,
“Now, I am the chief of police.” That was how, they said, datu Mantel became unofficially the
chief of police of Pikit without an appointment from the governor. And the next day, the townsfolk
saw him wearing the khaki uniform of the police chief, although he never wore a badge.
There was no place to go in PIkit after nighfall, and the one movie house opened in the
morning and closed in the afternoon. It showed double-program war features. In one film,
Fernando Poe Jr., the Golden Boy of action pictures, with automatic machine gun, mowed
down hundreds of Moros on a slope. Upon seeing the massacre on the picture screen. “There!”
he said to no one in particular, “you are now dead!” Everyone scampered for safety, and the
movie house owner stopped showing such films again in Pikit; thereafter they said, he showed
only American war movies. When the fans of Fernando Poe, Jr. demanded to see their movie
idol, the owner of the movie house said they all knew he was
shot dead by Datu Mantel and now lay buried in the hills of Pulanggi.

Who is Antonio Enriques?

Antonio Enriques
▪ a novelist in Mindanao, born in 1936 and raised in Zamboanga
▪ initially studied medicine in Manila and returned to hometown many years later
▪ trying to find himself, he worked with a position in a surveying firm in Cotabato
▪ after earning a degree in creating writing and teaching in the university, wrote
several books and novels such as Subanos and The Living and the Dead and
before he passed away in 2014, he produced three more books: The Activist, the
Survivors, and Twice Told Subanon Tales
▪ his stories and novels received accolades (awards)for their honest but piercing
articulation of Mindanao’s complex experience
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 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W4-D3

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
How to analyze a novel critically?
By examining the elements of the novel as shown in the table with its description and sample
analysis from excerpt novel, Green Sanctuary.
Elements
of a novel Description Literary Analysis
a description of *geography, time of day and social condition are some of the
where and aspects that make up the setting
Setting when the story *Pikit, the oldest town in Cotabato
takes place *a quiet, isolated and deserted place
deals with how the Alberto-the author
Characteri-
charaters are Moros-native tribes of Pikit, Datu
zation
described Mantel-leader of Moros
Townfolk-neighboring people
the main *the author helped us imagine the plot as how the Moros or
sequence of what they call the native reacts to people when they
events that make visited their town, Pikit. They may not hospitable to the
Plot up the story people because they are taking care or preserving their
culture and traditions

the person telling *there is the language of the narrator that we first
the story encounter, and then the voice of the charaters in the time
and the context of the story
*it is observed in the excerpt that the voice is not only
Narrator limited to the character of datu Mantel but also conveyed
the third person narrator and the voice of author himself,
who once work with the surveying company in Cotabato

whose eyes of the third person narrator, sound like objective, all knowing
story is being told perspective The third-person narrator seemed to have slipped
Point of through in delivering the narrative by giving away his involvement in the
View story

*the novel features people faced with conflict, and their

struggles to overcome these conflicts (or overcome by
them, in the case of tragedy) are explored in an extended
manner
*the excerpt showed a multiple scenarios like the bus
doesn’t stop at Pikit because once they do, the Moros will
destroy the bus or get the gear of the wheels. It also showed
usually the heart of how Moros once killled a 4 year old kid because the child was
the novel and is left in the bus abandone by his mother.
Conflict related to the main *Another scenario of a man who got astray to their town at
character around 6pm, that person was killed by datu Mantel.
*In the excerpt, it also mentioned on how the Moros and Datu
Mantel watched in a movie house that shows the movie of
Fernando Poe Jr. In the movie, FPJ killed a Moro
so Datu Mantel got triggered and suddenly took out his gun and
shot the movie house down because he was offended by that
movie

Theme the main idea, All about culture and violence of native people of
lesson or Mindanao
message in the *Green Sanctuary has emphasized about the culture and
novel. It is usually traditions of Mindanao. Which differ from the other places.
an abstract, This becomes the root of all misunderstanding
universal idea and ignorance which later grew into violence as shown in the
about the human excerpt novel. One must know how to be open-
condition, minded and be accepted, to be able to give justice on the
differences of the people in our country.
*it is also how the place described, when someone has
fallen and started a new life like the plants and flowers

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

society or life, that bloomed in an abandoned bus, which they called

to name a few “The Green Sanctuary” it only proved that when
something has ended, there will always be a chance to
start a new one
Style has to do with *the writing style (word choice, sentence fluency, and the
the author’s writer’s voice) of the author is appropriate for a particular
vocabulary, setting and audience
use of *the author used various voices in the novel that makes
imagery, tone the novel versatile and able to engage with the world – in
of feeling of fiction and in real life- is made present by language
the story. It *Realism- often described as an authentic rendition of
has to do with reality
his attitude *Naturalism- is a pessimistic literary viewpoint that sees
towards the social, hereditary and historical conditions shaping the
subject human struggles

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1:
To analyze a literary text like the novel above, it is important also to unlock those
words that are unfamiliar with you to fully understand the text. Look for the words defined
beside the maze and encircle each of them.

Across
1. Divided off by bars
G A N G P L A N K D E E F E Y
2. Showing awe
3. A movable bridge L T C A S M I T H E R E E N S
used in boarding or I O O R A C D E F L A T E D C
leaving a ship at a S A R Y N A I T D A W O R D A
pier
4. Release the air T N R T C K S T E R K A I N M
5. Bits/fragments E A O E T E G L S O T A Y O P
Down N L D X U A O E T S A R A L E
1. Went rapidly
2. Run hurriedly E Y E B A R R E D E M A B U R
3. Give off a sparkling D Z T A R C G Y U A T H E E E
reflection L E E R Y A E A R L A L T H D
4. Weaken or destroy
E A R A W E D N A T I A M A G
gradually
5. A place of refuge or
safety

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:
The excerpt of the novel immediately locates the setting. Look up “Pikit, Cotabato” again from
the selection and imagine the Green sanctuary and its surrounding as it described in the story.
Draw a picture as you imagined in the space provided.

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3: Let’s expand your analytical skills by reading short stories from
the contemporary period. Choose and read one of the given selections with their links
provided. Write your literary analysis in a short bond paper following the format with the table
as your guide below. Indicate a check in the box of your choice. Let your parent and
guardian check and sign your task. Don’t forget to staple or secure your worksheet inside
this module.

Tong by F. Sionil Jose

https://ischoolsericsonalieto.wordpress.com/2010/12/29/tong-by-f-sionil-jose/
The Small Key by Paz Loreta http://thesmallkey.blogspot.com/?m=1
Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez
https://www.sushidog.com/bpss/stories/stars.htm

Name : ______________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Date : ___________

Teacher’ Name : __________________________________ Parent’s Signature : ______________

Title of the short story
Elements of a novel/short Literary Analysis
story
Setting
Characterization
Plot
Narrator
Point of View
Conflict
Theme
Style

GENERALIZATION
To summarize the lesson for today, line this up in your long memory lane.
▪ novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and
which is typically published as a book.
▪ Green Sanctuary is a novel by Antonio Enriquez from Zamboanga/Misamis Oriental, 1991
▪ To critically analyze a literary text (novel or short story), you have to consider the elements
of it (setting, characterization, plot, narrator, point of view, conflict, theme, and style)

EVALUATION
Analyze or interpret what you have learned from the excerpt novel, Green Sanctuary by
Antonio Enriquez focused on the elements of a novel. You can go back and read the sample
analysis on the second page. Just construct your own words or rephrase it and expand your
own idea highlighting the important details.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Writer: ROSELYN M. DELA PEÑA, PCWHS

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 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W4-D4

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN
st
21 Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
First Quarter/ Week 4/ Day 4
OBJECTIVE: understanding of Socio-Cultural, Linguistic and Biographical Contexts
(EN12Lit-Id-28)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

▪ Understanding of Socio-Cultural, Linguistic and Biographical Contexts

TRY TO DISCOVER!
A literary context is the situation in which it is written and read. It includes the historical era
in which the work is created; the experiences, culture, and beliefs of the author; the language
and forms popular at the time of the text’s creation; and the experiences, culture, and beliefs
of the reader who approaches the text in his or her own era.

What do you mean by Socio-Cultural Contexts?

Socio-cultural context points the intimate relationship

between the work and what surrounds it—social conditions,
culture, worldview, history.

▪ In understanding the sociocultural context of a literary piece, you will examine the
factors affecting the author to push and motivate writing and how that writing affects
the readers during the time it was written.

How to understand and analyze sociocultural context?

1. By determining the relationship between the characters/speakers and their
society in the text
2. By analyzing the issues (gender, race, or class) highlighted in the text and
how the literary text resolved the issues.
3. By knowing the characters’ role and the reasons of portraying it
4. By acknowledging the reflection and the description of the country and its
people
5. By looking into the evidence of struggles and oppressions and how these
things overcame by the characters
6. By considering the prevailing social order to make the literary text accepted
or challenged

REFERENECES FOR FURTHER ENHANCEMENT:

• Sanchez L. A. et al. (2016). 21st century literature from the Philippines and the world.
Quezon City. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
• http://www.literarydevices.com/tone/
• https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/14/viva-andrada-o-flynn-covid-poetry-winner.html
• https://www.scribd.com/document/322798302/Freddie-Aguilar-s-Anak-Linggustic-and-
Sociological-Analysis
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/interpreting-works-in-context.html
• https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/socio-cultural-context

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Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________

How will you explain your understanding about the Linguistic Context?

By giving a direct emphasis that linguistic contexts, mainly

focused on the language used in the literary text and how it is
used to convey meaning.

*Linguistic- relating to language of the study of language

How to understand linguistic context in a literary text?

1. By analyzing the use of diction or choice of words

2. By examining the syntax or the use of sentences, clauses, phrases or line
cuts
3. By determining the use of figurative language
4. By analyzing the mood and tone
5. By locating the overall structure
6. By analyzing the content

*Diction- refers to the choice of words and style of expression that an author makes and
uses in a work of literature
*Syntax- the arrangement of words into a sentence that make sense in a given language
*Mood- the feeling created in the reader (cheerful, humorous, mysterious, or romantic)
*Tone- an attitude or approach of a writer toward a subject or an audience

Important details to consider in understanding linguistic context

▪ Striking, unfamiliar, attracted, and or dramatic words

▪ nouns or verbs used; words with two or more meaning
▪ sentence’s order and length
▪ literary devices or images used
▪ the tone of the speaker
▪ structure of the text (narrative, linear/nonlinear)
▪ point of view
▪ type of genre
▪ general theme

Is biographical context related to the author’s life and work?

Yes, biographical context points to the relation between the

writer’s life and perspective. The author’s beliefs, education,
culture, and experiences usually shine through his/her words.

▪ Knowing the characters in a literary text is one of the essential elements to consider in
the same manner of understanding the author’s background.

• We may be able to connect the characters and their morals to the author’s life and
interpret the patterns of behavior shown between and among the characters, the
author, and the reader himself.
How to understand biographical context in a literary text?

1. By researching on what the author believes in and what he or she does

not
2. By analyzing how the author’s belief system is reflected in his or her work
3. By investigating on the author’s other works and analyzing its pattern and
theme that is indicative of his or her life and beliefs

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 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W4-D4

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
Important details to consider in understanding linguistic context

▪ Time period or year, the text was written and published

▪ Significant events that happened in the author’s life during this time or
before writing the text
▪ several drafts and revision of the written text
▪ similarities of the characters and situations in the text with the author’s life

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1:
Song is an example of literary work characterized by the use of verses and
rhyming words. The message and meaning of the song are direct and straight
to the point. Listen to the song, “Anak” by Freddie Aguilar (1978). Share the
meaning and symbolism of the song, with one of your family members as your
partner. Fill in the missing words to complete the stanzas.
Anak
by Freddie Aguilar

Nang isilang ka sa ito Pagkat ang nais mo'y

Laking tuwa ng mo Masunod ang layaw mo
At ang kamay nila ang iyong Di mo sila pinapansin
At ang nanay at tatay mo'y
Di malaman ang gagawin pa ang mga araw
Minamasdan pati mo At ang landas mo'y naligaw
At sa gabi'y ang iyong Ikaw ay sa masamang
nanay bisyo
Sa pagtimpla ng gatas mo At ang una mong nilapitan
At sa umaga nama'y ka Ang iyong inang
Ng iyong amang tuwang-tuwa sa iyo At ang tanong,"anak, ba't ka
nagkaganyan"
nga ay malaki ka na At ang iyong mata'y biglang lumuha ng di
Nais mo'y maging mo
Di man sila payag
Walang magagawa at sa isip mo'y
Ikaw nga ay biglang nagbago Nalaman mong ika'y nagkamali
Naging ang iyong ulo Nagsisisi at sa isip mo'y
Nalaman mong ika'y nagkamali
At ang payo nila'y mo Nagsisisi at sa isip mo'y
Di mo man lang inisip na Nalaman mong ika'y nagkamali
Ang kanilang ginagawa'y para sa iyo Nagsisisi at sa isip mo'y
Nalaman mong ika'y nagkamali

Name of your partner:

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:
Analyze the song, Anak by Freddie Aguilar with your partner focusing on the biographical
context.
Answer the following questions critically.
1. When was the literary work (song) written and published?
________________________________________________________________
2. What are the significant events that happened in the author’s life during that
time or before writing the text?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. What are the similarities of the characters and situations in the text with the
https://images.app. author’s life?
goo.gl/jn3pSWPSx9 __________________________________________________________________
HahwGG6 __________________________________________________________________

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 Module Code : Pasay –21STCL-Q1-W4-D4

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
PRACTICE EXERCISE 3:

This time, lets understand a poem that has written by 21st Century Filipina writer, Viva Andrada
O'Flynn who won in an international contest winner during COVID-19 crisis. Analyze the poem
through its linguistic context by answering the following questions below.

https://twitter.com/vivaciousviva/status/1251913495588876295/photo/1

1. What are the striking words used in the poem?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. What imagery was used in the poem?

3. Did the use of language help in conveying the poem’s message? How?

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 Module Code : Pasay –BM-Q1-W4- D4

Name : _________________________________________ Strand : ________________

Name of Teacher : ______________________________ Grade : ________________
GENERALIZATION
To summarize the lesson for today, line this up in your long memory lane.
▪ Socio-cultural context points the intimate relationship between the work and what
surrounds it—social conditions, culture, worldview, history.
▪ Linguistic contexts, mainly focused on the language used in the literary text and how
it is used to convey meaning.
▪ Biographical context points to the relation between the writer’s life and perspective.
The author’s beliefs, education, culture, and experiences usually shine through his/her
words.

EVALUATION
Interpret in your own words what you have understood from the lesson today. Make sure to
mention the three literary contexts. Then, kindly read your work aloud in front of your
parent/guardian and let them sign below.

_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

___________________________
Parent’s Signature

Writer: ROSELYN M. DELA PEÑA, PCWHS

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