MODULES IN

GRADE 11
ACADEMIC TRACK – HUMMS STRAND

1ST SEM- QUARTER 2 – WEEK 3

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-01

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
SECOND QUARTER / Week 3 / Day 1

OBJECTIVE: Connect details of representative texts from Africa (EN12Lit-IIc-29)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

Connect details of representative texts from Africa: “Beware Soul

Brother (A Poem) By: Chinua Achebe”

How to connect and

analyze details of the
poem?

HERE ARE 5 MOST IMPORTANT STEPS TO CONNECT DETAILS OF THE POEM

READ
Read the poem once and then aloud, all the way through, at LEAST twice. Feel free to play
a recording of the poem or show a video of the poem. For example, are the lines short and
meant to be read slow? Or, does the poem move fast, and if so, why?

TITLE
Think about the title and how it relates to the poem. Titles often provide important clues
about what is at the heart of a piece. Likewise, a title may work ironically or in opposition
to a poem. Questions to talk about and consider are:
• Does the title immediately change how you think about it?
• Does the poem’s title paint a picture that gives a specific time frame, setting or
action?
• Does it imply multiple possibilities?

SPEAKER
Understanding the speaker is at the center of a poem may help the piece appear more tangible
to students because they’re able to imagine a person behind the language. Questions to
consider are:
• Who “tells” the poem?
• Does the poem give any clues about the speaker’s personality, the point of view,
age, or gender?
• Who is the speaker addressing?
• Does the speaker seem attached or detached from what is said?
_________________________________________________________________________

MOOD AND TONE

Mood is the feeling created by the poet for the reader. Tone is the feeling
displayed by the author toward the subject of the poem. Mood and tone often
depend on one another to get across what the author is trying to portray.

Example: Some words that can describe the mood of a poem might be: romantic,
realistic, optimistic, pessimistic, gloomy, mournful, sorrowful, etc.
Some words that can describe the tone of a poem might be: serious,
humorous, amused, angry, playful, cheerful, sad, gloomy, etc

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

THEME

Last but not least, it's time to get to the core of what the poem is about by identifying
its theme. The theme of a poem relates to a universal truth, issue, or conflict. To
determine the theme, look over all of your analysis and connect the dots:

• What is the subject?

• Who is the speaker?
• What situation are they in?
• How do they feel about the subject?

Let’s apply the five steps to connect details of the poem :

“Beware Soul Brother (A Poem) By: Chinua Achebe”

Beware Soul Brother

READ. From Beware Soul Brother by Chinua Achebe (1930-

Read the given poem silently or aloud. 2013). The collection was written during the Nigerian Civil
May read it TWICE for better War and won the Commonwealth Poetry Prize in 1972.
understanding.

STANZA 1 Continuation of stanza 2 ..

We are the men of soul
men of song we measure out
our joys and agonies
too, our long, long passion week
in paces of the dance. We have
come to know from surfeit of
suffering
men of departed dance where a
that even the Cross need not be
a dead end nor total loss
if we should go to it striding
the dirge of the soulful abia
drums. . .
STANZA 2
But beware soul brother
of the lures of ascension day
the day of soporific levitation
on high winds of skysong;
beware
for others there will be that day
lying in wait leaden-footed, tone-
deaf passionate only for the
deep entrails
of our soil; beware of the day
we head truly skyward leaving
that spoil to the long ravenous
toot and talon of their hunger.
Remember
they gave Ala, great goddess
of their earth, sovereignty too
over
their arts for they understood
too well those hard-headed
Continuation of stanza 3 ..
man’s
foot must return whatever
beauties
it may weave in air, where
it must return for safety
and renewal of strength. Pray
protect this patrimony to which
STANZA 3 you must return when the song
is finished and the dancers
Take care disperse;
then, mother’s son, lest you
remember also your children
become for they in their time will want
a dancer disinherited in mid- a place for their feet when
dance they come of age and the dance
hanging a lame foot in air like of the future is born
the hen for them.
in a strange unfamiliar
compound.

continue next ….
continue next ….

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

TITLE

• Does the title immediately change how you think about it?

✓ It seems like a brother to men warning of what will happen in the event because
of the word “beware” and soul brother as people the subject would go with, it’s like
in a war.

SPEAKER

• Who “tells” the poem?

✓ The author: Chinua Achebe.
• Does the poem give any clues about the speaker’s personality, the point of
view, age, or gender?
✓ Speak about the horrible things of the civil war and its aftermath. The moving
account of the poet's traumatic experience of the war period.
✓ The author witnessed the horrible things happened during World War II.
• Who is the speaker addressing?
✓ The speaker is addressing to the countrymen or brothers who are or were
in the civil war he witnessed to suffer and die.

MOOD AND TONE

What is the Mood of the poem?

✓ Serious. The mood of the poem is serious from the beginning of the stanza or
the poem the speaker is serious in giving warnings and possible outcome of the
event that his brothers will be going to.

What is the Tone of the poem?

✓ Worried. If you read the whole poem the speaker Is worried to his brothers who
will be going on war or event such as. Another tone can be analyzed is being
warned by the speaker of the possibilities of sufferings or worse death.

THEME

What is the subject?

✓ civil war and its aftermath.
✓ In Beware, Soul Brother, he gives his ancestors a final rite de passage
in solemn pace of dance which itself is called abia (dance) and is danced
by dead man's peers while he lies in state and finally by two men
bearing, his coffin before it is taken for burial.
✓ the Igbo peoples firm belief in the duality of things: "Nothing is by itself,
nothing is absolute. I am the way the truth and life would be meaningless
in •J Igbo theology" . Man may worship one God for perfection and yet
fall foul of another.

Who is the speaker?

✓ The author himself who experienced and witnessed a traumatic event which
is the civil war.

What situation are they in?

✓ Based on the poem the situation is when the brothers (soldiers) were about to
go on war.

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-01

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

LAST NIGHT I HAD A DREAM

By: Muhammad Ali

Last night I had a dream, When I got to Africa, PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:

I had one hell of a rumble.
I had to beat Tarzan’s behind first, READ the given poem “Last Night I had a
For claiming to be King of the Jungle. Dream” by Muhammad Ali, then answer the
For this fight, I’ve wrestled with alligators, questions below that pertain to the title:
I’ve tussled with a whale.
I done handcuffed lightning
And throw thunder in jail.
1. Does the title influence what you are about
You know I’m bad.
to read, or does it, at the moment you begin
just last week, I murdered a rock, your first reading, remain mysterious or
Injured a stone, Hospitalized a brick. vague?
I’m so mean, I make medicine sick.
I’m so fast, man, 2. After you have thought about the poem, how
I can run through a hurricane and don't get do you think the title relates to it?
wet.
When George Foreman meets me,
He’ll pay his debt.
I can drown the drink of water, and kill a dead
tree.
Wait till you see Muhammad Ali.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2: SPEAKER

From the given poem above “Last Night I had a Dream” by
Muhammad Ali, apply the steps 3 in connecting details of the
poem.
1. What particular line or lines from the poem that the speaker reveals
herself/himself?

2. Is it possible to figure out to whom the poem is addressed? Is there an

ideal listener/reader? What line(s) proves your answer?

3. Does the poem give any clues about the speaker’s personality, the point
of view, age, or gender? What line(s) proves your answer?

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-01

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3: MOOD AND TONE

From the given poem above “Last Night I had a Dream” by Muhammad Ali, apply the
step 4 in connecting details of the poem.

1. The tone of a poem may be described using a variety of words such as

serious, playful, humorous, formal, informal, angry, satirical, ironical or sad,
or any other kind of appropriate adjective. In light of the information, what
line(s) gives you an idea about the tone of the poem?

2. The mood of the poem may be described as idealistic, romantic, realistic,

optimistic, gloomy, imaginary or mournful. In light of the information, what
line(s) gives you an idea about the mood of the poem?

EVALUATION

EVALUATION: THEME
From the given poem above “Last Night I had a Dream” by
Muhammad Ali, apply the step 5 in connecting details of the
poem.

1. What do you think the message that the author is trying to convey in the
line “Wait till you see Muhammad Ali.”?

2. What do you think is the poem all about?

Writer: JAN BIANCA SANTOS, PCWHS

REFERENCES CITED:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chinua-Achebe

https://www.teachforamerica.org/stories/how-to-analyze-a-poem-in-6-steps

http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/64659/7/07_chapter%202.pdf

https://www.osymigrant.org/ROMPoetryFormSyllablesMoodandTone.pdf

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-02

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
SECOND QUARTER / Week 3 / Day 2

OBJECTIVE: Infer meaning of representative texts from Latin America (EN12Lit-IIc-29)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

Infer meaning “If you forget Me by Pablo Neruda” As A

Representative Text From Latin America.

How to infer meaning of

the poem?

Drawing an Inference
• Means making a prediction about information, figuring out something that
the author does not tell you specifically and/or “reading between the
lines.”
• An inference is “reading between the lines” to understand things not
directly stated by the author. Inferences are based on information stated
in text as well as what is known from personal experience which relates
to the passage being read.

What does reading between the lines mean?

• It can mean that the author is hinting at something in the poem text. You will
have to use the clues in the poem to figure out the whole meaning or specific
information.

Common Examples of Inference

We use inference all the time in daily life. The following situations are examples of inference:

• The sandwich you left on the table is gone. Crumbs lead to your dog’s bed, and a piece of meat
hangs out of her mouth.
➢ You infer she has eaten the sandwich.

• It is your five year anniversary of dating your boyfriend. He has brought you to a fancy restaurant
and, after dessert, gets down on one knee.
➢ You infer that he is about to propose.

• One of your coworkers has recently retired, leaving an opening. Your boss calls you into her
office the next day, and
➢ you infer that you might be getting a promotion

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

Questions to Help Make Inferences

Making inference about Making inference about

Making inference about
the MOOD and TONE the THEME
the SPEAKER and
AUDIENCE 1. What can you infer
about the subject of the
1. What can you infer about 1. What can you infer speaker?
the speaker? about the tone of the
speaker? 2. What can you infer
2. What can you infer about
about the purpose the
the personality of the 2. What can you infer speaker?
speaker? about the mood the
speaker displayed? 3. What can you infer
about the imagery or
3. What can you infer about
symbolism used in the
the audience?
text ?

Let’s infer meaning “If you forget Me by Pablo

Neruda” using the making inference guide
questions.

STANZA 2

Well, now,
if little by little you stop
STANZA 1
loving me STANZA 4
I shall stop loving you little But
I want you to know
by little. if each day,
one thing.
each hour,
If suddenly you feel that you are
You know how this is:
you forget me destined for me
if I look
do not look for me, with implacable sweetness,
at the crystal moon, at the red
for I shall already have if each day a flower
branch
forgotten you. climbs up to your lips to
of the slow autumn at my
seek me,
window,
STANZA 3 ah my love, ah my own,
if I touch
in me all that fire is
near the fire
If you think it long and mad, repeated,
the impalpable ash
the wind of banners in me nothing is
or the wrinkled body of the log,
that passes through my life, extinguished or forgotten,
everything carries me to you,
and you decide my love feeds on your love,
as if everything that exists,
to leave me at the shore beloved,
aromas, light, metals,
of the heart where I have and as long as you live it will
were little boats
roots, be in your arms
that sail
remember without leaving mine.
toward those isles of yours that
that on that day,
wait for me.
at that hour,
I shall lift my arms
and my roots will set off
to seek another land.

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

Making inference about the SPEAKER and AUDIENCE

4. What can you infer about the speaker?
➢ Speaks directly to the author’s lover, warning her what will happen if she falls out of love with
the speaker.

5. What can you infer about the personality of the speaker?

➢ we can infer about the personality of the speaker based from stanza 1, the speaker has a
soft heart towards his love and willing to sacrifice for her.

6. What can you infer about the audience?

➢ We can infer about the audience which seen from stanza 1 that the audience is the girl that
the speaker is in love with.

Making inference about the MOOD and TONE

3. What can you infer about the tone of the speaker?
➢ We can infer that the poem, 'If You Forget Me', the overall tone of this poem is romantic, in
which the speaker will do anything for his/her partner. So, it seems that the speaker will do
anything for the loved one.

➢ towards the middle of the poem, his tone changes, warning her that if she stops loving him, he
will also cease to love her. The tone in the last stanza of the poem reverts back to the positive,
romantic tone in the first section of the poem, and the speaker tells his lover that if she does
not forget him, if she keeps on loving him, he will forever love her in return.

4. What can you infer about the mood the speaker displayed?
➢ the mood in this poem is hopelessly hopeful. Parts of the poem, the speaker felt hopeless but
in some parts of the poem, the speaker felt hopeful towards his/her partner. Overall idea is to
never stop loving one person.

Making inference about the THEME

4. What can you infer about the subject of the speaker?
➢ We can infer that the speaker of the work, to his lover, warning her of what will happen if she
forgets him while he is away. In the beginning of the poem, Neruda presents a loving and
romantic picture for his lover, reminding her of how much he loves her
5. What can you infer about the purpose the speaker?
➢ We can infer that purpose of the speaker s to warn his lover which can be seen in the fifth
stanza, again telling his lover that should she “decide to leave me at the shore,” he will “on
that day, at that hour…seek another land.”
6. What can you infer about the imagery or symbolism used in the text ?
➢ Neruda uses an extended metaphor of a shore and its land to warn his lover of the
consequences of her actions. The speaker views his lover as his home, but should she decide
to leave him, he will have no problem at all seeking another woman to fill her place.

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

STANZA 5
Here I Love You STANZA 3 The piers sadden when the afternoon
By Pablo Nerudo Sometimes I get up early and even my moors there.
soul is wet. My life grows tired, hungry to no
STANZA 1 Far away the sea sounds and purpose.
Here I love you. resounds. I love what I do not have. You are so
In the dark pines the wind This is a port. far.
disentangles itself. STANZA 4 My loathing wrestles with the slow
The moon glows like phosphorous on twilights.
the vagrant waters. Here I love you. But night comes and starts to sing to
Days, all one kind, go chasing each Here I love you and the horizon hides me.
other. you in vain.
STANZA 2 I love you still among these cold things. STANZA 6
The snow unfurls in dancing figures. Sometimes my kisses go on those
A silver gull slips down from the west. heavy vessels The moon turns its clockwork dream.
Sometimes a sail. High, high stars. that cross the sea towards no arrival. The biggest stars look at me with your
Oh the black cross of a ship. I see myself forgotten like those old eyes.
Alone. anchors. And as I love you, the pines in the
wind
want to sing your name with their
leaves of wire.
PRACTICE EXERCISES 1: 1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER
From the given poem above “Here I love You” by Pablo Neruda, infer meaning about
the speaker and audience using the guide questions.
1. What can you infer about the speaker after reading the poem?

2. What can you infer about the personality of the speaker in stanza 1?

3. What can you infer about the audience of the speaker in stanza 1 and 4?

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2: 1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER

From the given poem above “Here I love You” by Pablo Neruda, infer
meaning about the MOOD and TONE using the guide questions.

1. What can you infer about the feeling of the speaker in lines
My life grows tired, hungry to no purpose.
I love what I do not have. You are so far.

2. What can you infer about the mood the speaker displayed
in stanza 3?

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3: ½ SHEET OF PAPER

From the given poem above “Here I love You” by Pablo Neruda, infer
meaning about THEME using the guide questions.
1. What can you infer about the line “Here I love you.” which had been repeatedly
told in the poem?

2. What message does the speaker trying to convery?

EVALUATION : 1/2 SHEET OF PAPER

What can you infer in this lines-

I love you still among these cold things.

Sometimes my kisses go on those heavy vessels
that cross the sea towards no arrival.

Writer: JAN BIANCA SANTOS, PCWHS

REFERENCES CITED:
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1971/neruda/biographical/

https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/if-you-forget-me-by-pablo-neruda

https://www.shadowofiris.com/pablo-neruda-if-you-forget-me-
analysis/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIf%20You%20Forget%20Me%E2%80%9D%20by%20Pablo%20Neruda%3A%20Summa
ry&text=The%20poem%20is%20written%20entirely,and%20beautiful%20language%20about%20love.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aOWhTQGLF0

https://www.brighthubeducation.com/english-homework-help/103206-guide-to-drawing-inferences-in-poetry-and-
understanding-inferred-meaning/

http://www.sheepdiplane.doncaster.sch.uk/serve_file/162140

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-03

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
SECOND QUARTER / Week 3 / Day 3

OBJECTIVE: Classify representative texts and authors from Asia and North America
(EN12Lit-Ild-25)

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

Classify representative texts and authors from Asia and North America

How do we classify a
literary text?

Let’s first learn the

classifications of literature:
POETRY, PROSE and DRAMA!

LITERATURE

POETRY PROSE DRAMA

FICTON COMEDY
LYRIC

DRAMATIC NON- FICTON TRAGEDY

NARRATIVE MELODRAMA

LITERATURE
Literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those
imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and
the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified
according to a variety of systems, including language, national origin, historical period,
genre, and subject matter.

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-03

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

POETRY
Poetry, literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a specific emotional
response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning, sound, and rhythm.

LYRIC POETRY
Lyric poetry is relatively short, especially compared to epic poetry, and it makes use of one
speaker who presents his or her emotions or state of mind. The sonnet is one of the
quintessential types of lyric poetry because sonnets typically address the subject of love. Lyric
poetry is distinguished from narrative poetry because it does not tell a story like a narrative
poem would. It does not present a sequence of events with a beginning, middle, and end.
EXAMPLE OF LYRIC POETRY
English sonnet by none other than William Shakespeare. Here's his famous "Sonnet Number 18:"
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
3 MAJOR TYPES OF POETRY

And summer's lease hath all too short a date.

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed.

DRAMATIC POETRY

Dramatic poetry is written in blank verse and is meant to be spoken. Its main purpose is to
tell a story or describe an event in an interesting and descriptive way.

Here's an example from Rudyard Kipling's"The Law of the Jungle" which is addressed to a wolf:

Wash daily from nose-tip to tail-tip; drink deeply, but never too deep;
And remember the night is for hunting, and forget not the day is for sleep.
The Jackal may follow the Tiger, but, Cub, when thy whiskers are grown,
Remember the Wolf is a Hunter - go forth and get food of thine own.
Keep peace with the Lords of the Jungle - the Tiger, the Panther, and Bear.
And trouble not Hathi the Silent, and mock not the Boar in his lair.
When Pack meets with Pack in the Jungle, and neither will go from the trail,
Lie down till the leaders have spoken - it may be fair words shall prevail.

NARRATIVE POETRY

Narrative poems include ballads and epics, long stories detailing historic societies, heroic deeds or
interesting events. They can also be very dramatic when re-telling a particular situation and were
originally meant to be performed while dancing.

Here's an excerpt from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe which dramatically details a mysterious
event:

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.''
Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door -
Only this, and nothing more.'

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

PROSE
Prose is a form of language that has no formal metrical structure. It applies a natural flow of speech, and
ordinary grammatical structure, rather than rhythmic structure, such as in the case of traditional poetry.

NONFICTON
• Nonfiction is all prose writing that is NOT "made up" or imaginary is nonfiction (not fiction).
• Another characteristic of non-fiction is the presence of a narrator, who is a real person and often
2 MAJOR TYPES OF PROSE

the author of the text.

• Examples of this kind of non-fiction are autobiographies, memoirs, personal essays and journals.
Excerpts from Nonfiction
Twelve Years a Slave is the memoir of Solomon Northup. Northup was a citizen of New York who was kidnapped
in Washington, D.C. and who spent 12 years as a slave on a plantation in Louisiana. His memoir gives details about
his experiences being sold into slavery and working as a slave on a plantation. He outlines the purpose for his
memoir in the first few paragraphs:

Since my return to liberty, I have not failed to perceive the increasing interest throughout the Northern
States, in regard to the subject of Slavery. Works of fiction, professing to portray its features in their
more pleasing as well as more repugnant aspects, have been circulated to an extent unprecedented,
and, as I understand, have created a fruitful topic of comment and discussion.

FICTON
Fiction may be based on stories of actual historical events. Although fictitious characters are
presented in a fictitious setting in stories and novels, they may have some resemblance to real life
events and characters. Writers alter their characters very skillfully when they take them from actual
life.
Example : Noli Me Tangere (By Jose Rizal)

The plot revolves around Crisostomo Ibarra, mixed-race heir of a wealthy clan, returning home
after seven years in Europe and filled with ideas on how to better the lot of his countrymen.
Striving for reforms, he is confronted by an abusive ecclesiastical hierarchy and a Spanish civil
administration by turns indifferent and cruel. The novel suggests, through plot developments, that
meaningful change in this context is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible.

DRAMA
Drama is a unique and distinctive genre of literature. Drama definition is a narrative presented by actors/actor on
a stage through dialogue/monologue and live action. Usually, dramas are stories that are acted. Through the
combination of performance, music, dance, props, etc; the audience is able to feel like a part of the action.

COMEDY
Comedy is a literary genre and a type of dramatic work that is amusing and satirical in its tone,
mostly having a cheerful ending. The motif of this dramatic work is triumph over unpleasant
circumstance by creating comic effects, resulting in a happy or successful conclusion.

Example : A Midsummer Night’s Dream (By William Shakespeare)

William Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is a good example of a

romantic comedy, presenting young lovers falling comically in and out of love for a
brief period. Their real world problems get resolved magically, enemies reconcile, and
true lovers unite in the end.
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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

TRADEGY

Tragedy is a type of drama that presents a serious subject matter about human suffering and
corresponding terrible events in a dignified manner.
Shakespeare is one of the leading authors of tragic plays in all of English. His play Romeo and
Juliet is perhaps the most famous tragedy of all time, exploring the doomed loved between, as
he called them, “star-crossed lovers.” Romeo and Juliet go against their families’ mutual hatred
to marry each other in secret, which ultimately leads to their downfalls.

MELODRAMA
Melodramas deal with sensational and romantic topics that appeal to the emotions of the
common audience. Originally, it made use of melody and music, while modern melodramas may
not contain any music at all.
Wuthering Heights (By Emily Bronte)
The novel is a sweeping romantic melodrama in which love and class division are
destined to become a tragedy. The film stars Heathcliff as an orphan, who is taken into
a wealthy family where he falls in love with Cathy, his foster sister.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1: Read and analyze the poem and answer the
questions below.

William Wordsworth, "The World Is Too Much With Us"

"The world is too much with us; late and soon,

Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;—
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!"

1. What type of poetry is the given example?

2. What are characteristics of the poem that justify your answer in number 1?

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2:
1. What type of PROSE is the "Anne Frank: The Diary of
a Young Girl," which accounts the life of Anne Frank
during her time spent as a Jew in Europe during World
War II?

2. What are the characteristics of the prose "Anne Frank:

The Diary of a Young Girl that justify your answer in
number 1?

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 Module Code: PASAY-ENG-21ST Century Lit-Q2-W3-03

Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3:
1. What type of DRAMA is Macbeth, which tells the story of a noble Scottish warrior
whose wife convinces him to betray and murder the King. Over the course of
the play, Macbeth gradually isolates himself from all of his friends and
supporters, growing more and more dependent on his own (and his wife’s)
ambition. In the end, he is destroyed by the very people he once fought side-
by-side with?

2. What are characteristics of Drama Macbeth that justify your answer in

number 1?

EVALUATION
What classification of literature which has a characteristics of meter,
rhyme, form, sound, and rhythm (timing) and the example is sonnet 29 by
Shakespeare:
When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes,

I all alone beweep my outcast state,

And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,

And look upon myself, and curse my fate...

Writer: JAN BIANCA SANTOS, PCWHS

REFERENCES CITED:
https://www.britannica.com/art/literature
https://www.britannica.com/art/poetryl
https://literarydevices.net/fiction/
https://www.bachelorandmaster.com/britishandamericanpoetry/if-i-should-die-summary-
analysis.html#.Xyk7l4gzbIU
https://www.legit.ng/1219307-4-types-drama-literature.html

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
SECOND QUARTER / Week 3 / Day 4

OBJECTIVE: Determine the point of view of representative texts and authors from
Europe, Latin America and Africa (EN12Lit-Ild-25)
YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

The different point of view of representative texts and authors from

Europe, Latin America and Africa

Let’s try to discover first the definition of point of

view and its importance in the literature
Let’s Discover!

WHAT IS A POINT OF VIEW?

Point of view (POV) is what the character or narrator

telling the story can see (his or her perspective). The author
chooses “who” is to tell the story by determining the point of view.
Depending on who the narrator is, he/she will be standing at one
point and seeing the action. This viewpoint will give the narrator
a partial or whole view of events as they happen.

Take a look at this! The three types of

point of view in a story!

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

First Person Point of View https://images.app.goo.gl/frSY1d16XwjEU5Uk6

First person is used when the main character is telling the story. This is the kind that uses the
"I" narrator. As a reader, you can only experience the story through this person's eyes. So you
won't know anything about the people or events that this character hasn't personally
experienced.
Examples of first-person writing includes:
• I poured my mother a glass of ice-cold milk.
• “Bring me the prisoner,” I told my chief of police.
• That turkey sandwich was mine!

First Person Peripheral: This is when the

narrator is a supporting character in the story,
not the main character. It still uses the "I"
narrator but since the narrator is not the
protagonist, there are events and scenes that
will happen to the protagonist that the narrator
will not have access to.
IMPORTANCE OF FIRST PERSON POINT OF
VIEW:
Using a first person point of view allows an
author to dive much more deeply into the
narrator’s character, since the reader gets to hear
the narrator’s inner thoughts and experience the
narrator’s emotions.
Example of First Person Point of
View in Literature
Excerpt from A dog has died by Pablo Neruda
Some day I'll join him right there,
but now he's gone with his shaggy coat,
his bad manners and his cold nose,
and I, the materialist, who never believed
in any promised heaven in the sky
for any human being,
TAKE NOTE: The Narrator of the story has
used the pronoun “I” to indicate the FIRST
PERSON POINT OF VIEW.

GENRES THAT FIT TO USE FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW:

Genre can have an impact on the POV you choose. First person stories generally fall into one of
following genre categories:

• Most young adult fiction (12 and up)-YA is a particularly amazing market for those who like push the
boundaries and have a quick moving style of writing. Teens are receptive to something new and
different.
• Short stories
• Literary fiction
• Mainstream (usually romance and chick-lit)
• The recently labeled Gothic genre

Third Person Point of View

The third person point of view uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to
relate the story. Examples:

• “Bring me the prisoner,” she told her chief of police.

• He knew that that turkey sandwich was his.
• Little did the twins realize, they were both being watched.
Example of Third Person Point of View in Literature
Excerpt from The Flute by CHINUA ACHEBE
A man takes his family of two wives--the senior wife with many children and the other
wife with just one--to work on their distant farm at the border of the human and the spirit lands.
They are careful to return home before nightfall when the spirits come out to tend their own crop
of yams. Upon returning home, however, the only son of the younger wife finds that he has
forgotten his flute in the fields. It is a flute he made with his own hands, and he is determined to
retrieve it despite his parents' pleas to stay home.

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW

Basically, omniscient point of view means that the story is told from an all-seeing God-like, omnipotent
viewpoint. You would use third person pronouns in the writing, but you can choose to dip into the head of
any of the characters and reveal things that have occurred in the past or will happen in the future.
EXAMPLE
Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace (1869):
Just then another visitor entered the drawing room: Prince Andrew Bolkónski, the little
princess’ husband. He was a very handsome young man, of medium height, with firm,
clearcut features. Everything about him, from his weary, bored expression to his quiet ,
measured step, offered a most striking contrast to his quiet, little wife. It was evident
that he not only knew everyone in the drawing room, but had found them to be so
tiresome that it wearied him to look at or listen to them. And among all these faces that
he found so tedious, none seemed to bore him so much as that of his pretty wife.

GENRES THAT FIT TO USE OMNISCIENT POINT

IMPORTANCE OF OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW OF VIEW:

Notice here how Tolstoy’s narrator first introduces
the reader to Prince Andrew, a main character, from
the outside looking in. The reader learns that he’s
handsome, with sharp features before moving on to
the Prince’s opinions about the other guests at the
soiree. Notice also that the narrator never directly
enters the character’s head. Instead, what
information the narrator reveals about Andrew’s
opinions comes in the form of inference. That’s a
deliberate choice on Tolstoy’s part, one that both
gives the reader some insight into Andrew’s
character without the intimacy of accessing his
actual thoughts.
This was once a very popular method of storytelling. It is
less so now, especially in the North American market.
Still there are some cases where this can add extra
dimension to your writing when done well. Joseph
Conrad was a master of omniscient viewpoint.
The trouble is that each character must have a
distinctive voice so that the reader is never at a loss as
to whose head he is in at the moment. This is an
interesting device for an epic novel which explores a
theme with several tangled subplots. It is difficult to
manage because if you give away the wrong information
(in other words if you tell us what we want to know) then
you lose tension using this technique. But if you can
control it, and give the reader the right amount of
information, you can increase tension considerably.

Limited Omniscient Viewpoint

• Limited omniscient is often useful for modern writers. Limited omniscient basically means that
while you have a God-like perspective of the story, you limit yourself to being in one character’s
head at a time. It allows you to switch characters as many times as necessary, even within a scene.
• Third person limited point of view, on the other hand, is a method of storytelling in which the
narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are
presented only externally. Third person limited grants a writer more freedom than first person, but
less knowledge than third person omniscient.

A classic example of third person limited fiction is Ernest Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls",
which sticks firmly with one character's consciousness, that of Robert Jordan, who shares:
"This Anselmo had been a good guide and he could travel wonderfully in the
mountains. Robert Jordan could walk well enough himself and he knew from following
him since before daylight that the old man could walk him to death. Robert Jordan
trusted the man, Anselmo, so far, in everything except judgment. He had not yet had
an opportunity to test his judgment, and, anyway, the judgment was his own
responsibility."
The reader will only know Anselmo's thoughts and responses insofar as he reveals them through his
actions. But Robert Jordan's thoughts will be shared throughout the story. It's his reactions and his
interpretations of events that the reader will understand and follow.
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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1: Get I whole sheet of paper.

Read the Excerpt from The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, determine the
point of view of the excerpt and justify your answer by stating its characteristics.

Excerpt from The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank

.
On Friday, June 12, I was awake at six o'clock, which isn't
surprising, since it was my birthday. But I'm not allowed to get up
at that hour, so I had to control my curiosity until quarter to seven.
When I couldn't wait any longer, I went to the dining room, where
Moortje (the cat) welcomed me by rubbing against my legs.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2: Get I whole sheet of paper.

Read the Excerpt from The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry, determine the point of
view of the excerpt and justify your answer.

Excerpt from The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry

.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.
She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a
gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and
she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been
saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty
dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had
calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3: Get I whole sheet of paper.

Read the Excerpt from J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets (1998), p. 9.determine the point of view of the excerpt and justify your
answer.

The Dursleys hadn’t even remembered. that today happened to be Harry’s

twelfth birthday. Of course, his hopes hadn’t been high; they’d never given
him a real present, let alone a cake – but to ignore it completely…

J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998), p. 9.

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Name: ____________________________________________________ Track/Strand: _______________

Teacher: ___________________________________________________ Grade Level: _______________

EVALUATION
Determine the point of view of the given example
below and justify your answer.
She struck another match against the wall. It burned brightly,
and when the light fell upon the wall it became transparent like
a thin veil, and she could see through it into a room. On the table
a snow-white cloth was spread, and on it stood a shining dinner
service. The roast goose steamed gloriously, stuffed with apples
and prunes. And what was still better, the goose jumped down
from the dish and waddled along the floor with a knife and fork
in its breast, right over to the little girl.
EXCERPT FROM THE LITTTE MATCH GIRL
BY HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN

Writer: JAN BIANCA SANTOS, PCWHS

REFERENCES CITED:
https://literaryterms.net/point-of-
view/#:~:text=The%20Importance%20of%20Point%20of,of%20other%20characters%20and%20events.
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45090/sonnet-29-when-in-disgrace-with-fortune-and-mens-
eyes
https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/point_of_view_examples/233/
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/40470/a-dog-has-died
http://poemhubx.weebly.com/style-analysis/a-dog-has-died-style-analysis
https://wetoowerechildren.blogspot.com/2010/05/chinua-achebe-flute.html
http://www.literarydevices.com/point-of-view/
https://andersen.sdu.dk/vaerk/hersholt/TheLittleMatchGirl_e.html
http://www.the-writers-craft.com/omniscient-point-of-view.html

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