Mini Project On

Automatic Railway Crossing Track and Gate

By

Ragini Nair
Dikshant Solanki
Rahul Fondekar
Nidhi Shetty

Third Year (Sem VI)

Department of Instrumentation Engineering

Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology

University of Mumbai

2021-2022

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 Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering & Technology

Department of Instrumentation Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the following students

Ragini Nair
Dikshant Solanki
Nidhi Shetty
Rahul Fondekar
have submitted project synopsis entitled

Automatic Railway Crossing Track and Gate

as a part of their mini project-work in partial fulfillment of VI semester

T.E. INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

course during the academic year 2021-2022.

Internal Guide : Mrs. Deepti Patne ( )

Internal Examiner : ( )

External Examiner : ( )

Dr. D. D. Gawali Dr. H. V. Vankudre

HOD, INST Principal, VCET

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Acknowledgement

We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who

provided us the possibility to complete this report. A special gratitude we give
to our final year project in charge, Mrs. Mugdha Salvi, whose contribution in
stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped us tocoordinate our project
especially in writing this report. Furthermore, we would also like to
acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff who gave the
permission to use all required equipment and the necessary materials to
complete the task. Last but not least, many thanks goes to the head of the
project, Mrs. Deepti Patne who has invested her full effort in guiding the team
in achieving the goal. I have to appreciate the guidance given by other
supervisors as well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has
improved our presentation skills thanks to their comment and advice.

Ragini Nair
Dikshant Solanki
Nidhi Shetty
Rahul Fondekar

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 Abstract:

Train accidents at level crossings have always been problem for the railways. The
aim of our project is to propose an automatic gate system at unmanned level
crossings to exchange gates operated by gatekeepers. By using this automatic
railway gate management system, the arrival of the train is detected by the
proximity detector placed with respect to the gate. Hence, the time that the gates
are closed is a smaller amount than with hand-operated gates and also the amount
of human labor needed is reduced too. this method will be employed at unmanned
crossings wherever the possibilities of accidents is high and reliable operation is
required . It provides safety to road users by reducing accidents that occur as
a result of carelessness on the a part of either road users or gatekeepers.
Mistreatment IR sensors and servo motors work automatically to open and shut
the gates betting on the presence of the train before the crossing.

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Content

Topic Pg. No.

1. Introduction 6

2. Literature Survey 7

3. Details of Mini Project 8-10

3.1 Components

3.2 Block Diagram

3.3 Circuit diagram

4. Costing 11

5. Conclusion 12

6. Future Work 13

7. References 14

8. List of Figures 15

9. List of Tables 15

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Introduction

Automatic Railway Gate Control System is a simple but very useful project,
which help is automatically opening and closing the railway gate upon detecting
arrival or departure of the train. In general, Railway gates are opened or closed
manually by a gate keeper. The information about arrival of train for opening or
closing of door is received from nearby station. But some railway crossings are
totally unmanned and many railway accidents occur at these unmanned level
crossings. To avoid the human intervention at level crossings completely, we need
to automate the process of railway. When we go through the daily newspaper, we
come across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings.
This is mainly due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers.
We, in this project have come up with a solution for the same. As a train
approaches the railway crossing from either side, the sensors placed at a certain
distance from the gate detects the approaching train and accordingly controls the
operation of the gate.

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Literature Survey

We have analyzed to research papers and

Xishi et al, explained about the advanced train safety system. In this paper authors
de- fines that in the process of developing ATSS, a fault tolerance method was
applied for both the hardware and the software components. The railway gate
automation system was successively implemented in Korea. The implementation
of the system in Korea effectively reduced the accident rate at the level cross and
the magnetic sensors were used in rail- way gate automation system. Magnetic
sensors were placed underground to detect the movement of trains. But this system
is not cost effective and does not provide a destination notification facility to
passengers.
Acy et al, this paper deals with the topic of much contemporary relevance. In this
paper authors proposed a unique and economical method for improving the safety
at railway level crossings. The proposed method works on microcontrollers. The
system uses ATmega16 microcontroller, IR sensors for monitoring the arrival and
departure of the train and the gate is operated accordingly. But this system is not
providing a destination notification facility to passengers.
Ahmed et al, developed the system for automatic control of railway gates at level
crossings. The proposed system has been developed by using an 8052
microcontroller. Main objective of this work is to avoid railway accidents occurring
at level crossings. Train arriving to- wards the gate was detected by means of two
sensors placed on either side of the gate. The sensor along the train direction is
named as fore- side sensor and the other as after side sensor. When the foreside
sensor senses the train, the sensor is activated and the sensed signal is sent to the
microcontroller 8052. Later, the gate is closed by the microcontroller automatically
and the gate stays closed until the train crosses the gate andreaches the after-side
sensor. When the side sensors sense the train, the sensors are activated and the
signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller. Themicrocontroller runs
the motor in the opposite direction and the gate opens.

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3Detail of the Mini Project

3.1 Components:

A. Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pms (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs , a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to
support the microcontroller

3.1.a

b. IR Sensor
The infrared sensor (IR sensor) is a radiation-sensitivity optoelectronic component
With a spectral sensitivity in the infrared wavelength range 780nm.

3.1.b
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c. Servo Motor
A servo motor is basically a DC motor along with some other special purpose components
that make a DC motor a servo

3.1.c

d. Buzzer and LED lights

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, Piezoelectric.

3.1.d 3.1.e

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3.2 Block Diagram:

3.2

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Costing:

Contents Price
1. Arduino UNO 899

2. Servo Motor 110*2=220

3. Buzzer 69
4.LED 50

5.Train Set 389

6.Ultrasonic Sensor 75*2=150

Total Rs-1,777

4.1

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Conclusion
The accidents are avoided at places where there is no person managing the railway
crossing gates. Here we use the stepper motor to open and close the gates
automatically when it is rotated clockwise or anticlockwise direction. When the
train arrives in a particular direction the ultrasonic sensor senses and generates
appropriate signal, then at the same time the receiver receives the signal and
generates an interrupt. When the interruption is generated the stepper motor
rotates in clockwise direction. When the interruption ends the stepper motor
rotates in anti-clock wise direction.

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Future work:
The advanced system for automatic railway gate operations. The proposed system
consisting PIC 16F877A microcontroller, light indicator, DC motor and LCD
display components. LCD display displays the railway gate open or close section.
The buzzer and light signal warns about the arrival of train. IR sensors sense the
arrival and leaving of train. These sensors are placed at both sides of gate. This
system also uses the DC motor to open and close the gates automatically. DC
motor rotates both in clockwise and anticlockwise direction.

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Reference

▪ Electronics Hub

▪ ResearchGate

▪ iopscience.iop.org\

▪ https://www.ijert.org/automation-of-railway-gate-using-internet-of-

things-iot

▪ https://www.researchgate.net/publication_Railway_Security_System_

based_on_Wireless_Sensor_Networks_State_of_the_Art

▪ Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using 8051micro Controller

C.R.Balamurugan*, P.Vijayshankarganth, R.Alagarraja,

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List of Figures
3.1.a Arduino Uno

3.1.b Ultrasonic sensor

3.1.c Servo Motor

3.1.d Buzzer

3.1.e LED lights

3.2 Block Diagram

3.3 Circuit Diagram

List of Tables
4.1 Costing Details

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