Analysis of Variance

one-way: 1 independent variable with 3 or more samples/treatment condition an di dependent variable

two-way: 2 independent variables and 1 dependent variable
Group 1 Group 2  Group 3 scores group
2 1 3 2 1 One-Way ANOVA

2 3 4 2 1
1 3 2 1 1
0 3 3 0 1 scores

1 3 4 1 1
1 2
3 2 F-value
3 2 p-value
3 2
3 2
3 3 Tukey Post-Hoc Test – scores

4 3
2 3

3 3 1

4 3
2

g1 g2
g1 g3
g2 g3
A psychologists wants to test the effectivenes of the new psychotherapy in anxiety disorders. She wants to test whether the m
dv: new psychotherapy
iv: anxiety disorders
Panic
Phobia (1) GAD (3)
Disorder (2) Ho: there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the new psychotherapy method o
20 10 9 Ha: there is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the new psychotherapy method on
18 9 5 scores groups
20 6 6 20 1 One-Way ANOVA (Fisher's)

9 5 12 18 1
8 9 4 20 1
17 5 3 9 1 scores

8 1
17 1 f value 9.3
10 2
9 2
6 2
5 2
9 2 Tukey Post-Hoc Test – scores

5 2
9 3
 5 3 phobia 1

6 3

12 3 panic dis 2

4 3

3 3 GAD 3

phobia panic dis

phobia GAD
panic dis GAD

ho: ther is no significant effe

non smokesmoker active smoker scores groups
9 12 8 9 1
8 4 9 8 1
12 8 9 12 1
10 16 16 10 1
7 5 1 7 1
10 9 22 10 1
9 6 18 9 1
10 7 8 10 1
8 14 1 8 1
10 11 7 10 1
8 17 19 8 1
10 6 1 10 1
11 6 12 11 1
8 16 8 8 1
11 7 10 11 1
12 2
4 2
8 2
16 2
5 2
9 2
6 2
7 2
14 2
11 2
17 2
6 2
6 2
16 2
7 2
 8 3
9 3
9 3
16 3
1 3

22 3
18 3
8 3
1 3
7 3
19 3
1 3
12 3
8 3
10 3
                                  
 No Antidepressants Antidepressants

No Therapy No Therapy
Therapy Therapy
9 9 10 7
10 10 11 6
8 14 7 8
13 9 8 1

9 1
10 1
8 1
13 1
9 2
10 2
14 2
9 2
10 3
11 3
7 3
8 3
7 4
6 4
8 4
1 4
VA

F df1 df2 p

Welch's 6.91 2 7.99 0.018

Fisher's 7.18 2 12 0.009

7.18
0.01
significant

Test – scores

1 2 3
Mean
difference — -1.4 -2

p-value — 0.058 0.008

Mean
difference — -0.6

p-value — 0.528
Mean —
difference
p-value —

mean
p-value
difference

-1.4 0.06 ns
-2 0.01 significant
-0.6 0.53 ns
e wants to test whether the means of the psychotherapy are equally effectuve in alleviating anxiety disorders.

new psychotherapy method on alleviating anxiety disorders

ew psychotherapy method on alleviating anxiety disorders.

VA (Fisher's)

F df1 df2 p

9.3 2 15 0.002

p-value 0.002 significant,reject Ho

n>0.05; NS n<0.05 S

Test – scores

Phobia Panic disorder GAD

1 2 3
 Mean — 8 8.833
difference
p-value — 0.008 0.004
Mean
— 0.833
difference
p-value — 0.928
Mean
—
difference
p-value —

mean
difference p value
8 0.008 significant
8.83 0.004 significant
0.83 0.928 NS

ho: ther is no significant effect of beta endorphin on blood levels as a function of stress

Tukey Post-Hoc Test – scores

1 2 3
Mean
nonsmoker 1 — -0.2 -0.533
difference
p-value — 0.992 0.946
Mean
smoker2 difference — -0.333

p-value — 0.979

active smoker3 Mean —

difference
p-value —

1 2 -0.2 0.99 ns
1 3 -0.5 ns
2 3 ns
 48 hours 24 hours
 8 hours  6 hours sleep sleep
sleep sleep deprived deprived

85 84 60 60
83 84 58 48
76 75 76 38
64 75 52 47
75 70 63 50

85 1
83 1
76 1
64 1
75 1
84 2
84 2
75 2
75 2
70 2
60 3
58 3
76 3
52 3
63 3
60 4
48 4
38 4
47 4
50 4
Title: The Effects of Violence and Sexual content in films on the Empathy of viewers toward women
dv: empathy towards women
iv: violence and sexual content in films Ho: There is no significant effect on the effects of violence and sexual co
2 Ivs: sexual sexual and nonsexual Ha: There is a significant effect on the effects of violence and sexual con
violent violent and non violent
Sexual Content (B) scores rows columns
Sexual
Nonsexual 8
Content 1 1
8 9 10 1 1
10 5 7 1 1
7 7 9 1 1
9 7 9 1 2

Nonviolent

5 1 2

7 1 2
Violent 7 1 2
Content (A)
6 2 1
6 2 4 2 1
4 1 8 2 1
8 1 6 2 1
6 2 2 2 2
Violent 1 2 2
1 2 2
2 2 2

A psychologist would like to find out the impact of sex and occupational
Ho: There is no significant impact on sex and occupational prestige towa
Ha: There is a significant impact on sex and occupational prestige towar
IV sex and occupational prestige
DV credibility

MD Ph.D
12 10
15 8
John Forrest 13 13
15 12
14 9

15 11
Joan Forrest 10 11
12 12
14 8
 12 8

                                  
 No Antidepressants Antidepressants

No No
Therapy Therapy Therapy Therapy
th ad
9 9 10 7 9 1 1
10 10 11 6 10 1 1
8 14 7 8 8 1 1
13 9 8 11 13 1 1
10 1 2
9 1 1 11 1 2
10 1 1 7 1 2
8 1 1 8 1 2
13 1 1 9 2 1
9 1 2 10 2 1
10 1 2 14 2 1
14 1 2 9 2 1
9 1 2 7 2 2
10 2 1 6 2 2
11 2 1 8 2 2
7 2 1 11 2 2
 8 2 1
7 2 2
6 2 2
8 2 2
11 2 2
ects of violence and sexual content on the empathy of viewers toward women.
cts of violence and sexual content on the empathy of viewers toward women.

ANOVA - empathy

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F

violence (rows) 64 1 64 34.91

sexual content
36 1 36 19.64
(column)

violence (rows)
✻ sexual
9 1 9 4.91
content
(column)

Residuals 22 12 1.83

mpact of sex and occupational prestige in credibility. The student raters are randomly assigned to one of 4 groups, with each group receivi
nd occupational prestige towards credibility.
d occupational prestige towards credibility.

credibility rows (sex) column (occupational)

12 1 1
15 1 1
13 1 1
15 1 1
14 1 1
10 1 2
8 1 2
13 1 2
12 1 2
9 1 2
 15 2 1
10 2 1
12 2 1
14 2 1
12 2 1
11 2 2
11 2 2
12 2 2
8 2 2
8 2 2

ANOVA - credibility

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F

sex (row) 3.2 1 3.2 0.962

occupational
prestige 45 1 45 13.534
(column)

sex (row) ✻
occupational
0.8 1 0.8 0.241
prestige
(column)

Residuals 53.2 16 3.325

retain Ho
 p

< .001 significant

< .001 significant

0.047 NS

oups, with each group receiving a paper written by a combination of either a male name (John Forrest) or femal name (Joan Forrest) follo
F p

0.341 NS

0.002 Significant

0.63 NS
mal name (Joan Forrest) followed by one 2 degrees (MD and PH.D). The following are the total rating scores