MICRO-ORGANISMS

• Microorganisms are very small in size and only see by

using microscope not from our unaided eyes
➢ They can live in all kinds of environment.
• They can be unicellular or multicellular.

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TYPE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

• BACTERIA
• FUNGI
• PROTOZOA
• ALGAE
• VIRUSES
VIRUS
USES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS
➢ Microbes are used in preparation of curd, bread and cake.
➢They also used in the production of alcohol, wine and bear.
➢Helps in the cleaning of environment.
➢Bacteria used in the preparation of medicine and in agriculture they are
used to increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen.
➢Bacteria and yeast are also helpful for fermentation of rice idle and dosa
batter.
 COMMERCIAL USE OF MICROBES
1. Microbes are used for the large scale production of
alcohol, wine and acetic acid.
2. Yeast is used for commercial production of alcohol
and wine.
3. Yeast is grown in natural sugars present in grains like
barely, wheat, rice and crushed fruit juices etc.
4. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is
known as fermentation.
 ANTIBIOTICS
• Antibiotics are tablets, capsules and injection which are used to kill or stop the growth of
microbes. E.g.- Penicillin, Tetracycline etc.
• The antibiotics are manufactured by growing specific microbes and are used to cure a variety
of diseases.
❑ PRECAUTIONS:-
✓ It is important to remember that antibiotics should be taken only on the advice of a
qualified doctor.
✓ Complete the course prescribed by the doctor.
✓ It should not take without any reason.
✓ Antibiotics taken unnecessarily may kill the beneficial bacteria in the body.
 VACCINE

➢ How vaccine works in our body?

Ans:- When a diseases-carrying microbe enters our body, the body
produces antibiotics to fight an invader. The body also remembers how to
fight with microbes if it enters again. If dead or weakened microbes are
enters to a healthy body, the body fights and kills the invading bacteria by
producing antibodies. The body remain in the body and we are protected
from the diseases-causing pathogens for ever.
 DISEASES CAUSING MICRO-ORGANISMS IN HUMAS,
ANIMALS

• Diseases causing microorganisms are called pathogens.

• Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person toa healthy
body through air, water, food and physical contact
are called communicable diseases. Example :- cholera, common
cold, chicken pox etc.
• Ther are some insects and animals which act as carriers of disease-
causing microbes. Like housefly, mosquitoes.
• In animals, anthrax is a dangerous human and cattle disease caused
by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. Foot and mouth disease of
cattle is caused by a virus.
PLANT DISEASE CAUSED BY MICROBES
FOOD POISONING
• Food poisoning could be due to the consumption of food spoilt by some microbes. Microbes
that grow on our food sometimes produce toxic substance. These make the food poisonous
causing serious illness and even death. So, it is very important that we preserve food to
prevent it from being spoilt.
• The process of keeping our food safe from microbes is called food preservation. Some
methods of food preservation are:-
a. Chemical method
b. Preservation by common salt ,oil, sugar and vinegar.
c. Heat and Cold treatment.
d. Storage and Packing.
NITROGEN FIXATION

• Bacteria like Rhizobium and blue green algae are involved in the fixation
of nitrogen in leguminous plants.
• Some nitrogen gets fixed through the action of lightning.
• Nitrogen is then used foe the synthesis of plant proteins and
other compounds.
• Certain bacteria convert some part of them to nitrogen gas which goes
back into the atmosphere. As a result, the percentage of nitrogen in the
atmosphere remains more or less constant.
NITROGEN CYCLE