Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Moderate foreign selling regionally, in a short trading week; Global equity funds
see outflows for the fourth consecutive week; HK retail investor update
Foreign (FII) flows / positioning Global Equity mutual fund flows Sunil Koul
+65-6654-5042 | sunil.koul@gs.com
n The region saw moderate foreign selling of US$0.6bn n Global flows: Global equity funds saw net outflows Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte
in a short trading week during the first week of May. for the fourth consecutive week, with US$3bn Timothy Moe, CFA
+65-6889-1199 | timothy.moe@gs.com
India and A-shares (via Northbound) saw muted selling outflows wow (vs. -US$1bn, -$17bn, -$12bn in the past Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte
of US$0.2-0.4bn each, while Taiwan saw foreign inflows 3 weeks). Within DM, Europe and US funds saw large Peter Lau, CFA
+852-2978-0722 |
of US$0.1bn. As we have been noting, foreign investors outflows of US$4bn and US$2bn respectively, while yiulungpeter.lau@gs.com
Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.
have been selling heavily over the past four months, Japan saw ETF-led inflows of US$1bn. John Kwon
+65-6654-6337 | jongmin.kwon@gs.com
with April seeing US$14bn net FII selling. n EM/AEJ funds: EM funds saw another week of Goldman Sachs (Singapore) Pte
n Last year, A-shares saw US$67bn Northbound inflows, active-driven outflows of US$0.2bn, while AEJ funds Kinger Lau, CFA
+852-2978-1224 | kinger.lau@gs.com
while the rest of the region saw US$34bn selling in saw inflows of US$0.8bn. Inflows to China funds Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.
2021. Ytd, the region has seen US$48bn FII selling slowed to US$0.8bn wow (vs. US$4.5bn last week). Alvin So, CFA
+852-2978-1585 | alvin.so@gs.com
suggesting very light foreign positioning overall. Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C.
Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. For Reg AC certification and other important disclosures,
see the Disclosure Appendix, or go to www.gs.com/research/hedge.html.
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Cum. net foreign inflows into ASEAN-4 equities since 2019 (US$bn) Indonesia foreign net buying by sectors in 2022Ytd (US$mn)
10 (US$ mn) 3Q21 4Q21 1Q22 2Q22
2046
Indonesia 684 805 2,234 2,786 1000
5 Philippines (205) 1,725 (40) (92)
Thailand (8) 844 3,366 263 800
0 Malaysia 112 148 1,541 160
EM ASEAN 583 3,522 7,101 3,117 600
-5 400
-10 200
-15 0
-20 -200
-25
-30
Dec-18
Dec-19
Dec-20
Sep-21
Dec-21
Sep-19
Sep-20
Jun-21
Jun-19
Jun-20
Mar-21
Mar-19
Mar-20
Mar-22
Indonesia sectors
Exhibit 3: The correlation between FII flows and Indonesian equities has risen significantly Exhibit 4: Within the ASEAN-4 markets, EM and Asia funds have improved their allocations
from pre-Covid levels, suggesting rising influence of foreign flows in setting prices in Indonesia further to about 50bp OW
Past 52wk correlation between FII flows ASEAN markets allocation in EM/AeJ funds
90% and equity market USD price return (UW/OW, bps)
80% 250
Pre-Covid (Jan 2020) 200
70%
Current 150 Thailand
60%
50% 100 Philippines Indonesia
40% 50
30% 0
20% -50
10% -100 Malaysia
0% -150
Malaysia
Philippines
China A
Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
India
Indonesia
-200
Mar-08
Mar-09
Mar-10
Mar-06
Mar-07
Mar-11
Mar-12
Mar-13
Mar-14
Mar-15
Mar-16
Mar-17
Mar-18
Mar-19
Mar-20
Mar-21
Mar-22
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: EPFR, FactSet, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
6 May 2022 2
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
8.3% HK listed stocks: Retail holdings 300 30 Estimated cumulative retail flows to 32,000
Amount (US$bn) [RHS] HSI constituents (US$bn)
250 25 30,000
7.8% As % of free float mkt cap Hang Seng Index [RHS]
20 28,000
200
7.3% 15 26,000
150
6.8% 10 24,000
100
5 22,000
6.3% 50 0 20,000
5.8% 0 -5 18,000
Jan-20 Jul-20 Jan-21 Jul-21 Jan-22 Jan-20 May-20 Sep-20 Jan-21 May-21 Sep-21 Jan-22
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, HKEX, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, HKEX, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Exhibit 7: Our HK retail sentiment barometer has rebounded to -1s.d. from mid-March trough Exhibit 8: Our HK listed retail favorite stocks have been moving in tandem with the Hang
levels of -2.2s.d. Seng Index recently
May-21
Nov-21
Dec-21
Jul-21
Sep-20
Jan-21
Jun-21
Aug-21
Sep-21
Oct-20
Feb-21
Oct-21
Jan-22
Feb-22
Mar-21
Apr-21
Mar-22
Nov-20
Feb-20
Nov-21
Feb-22
May-20
Feb-21
Aug-21
May-22
Aug-20
May-21
Source: FactSet, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: FactSet, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
For details, please see Asia-Pacific Portfolio Strategy: Tracking retail investor activity in Hong Kong stock market by analyzing
650K shareholding tables, Mar 12, 2021.
6 May 2022 3
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Exhibit 9: Based on Apr-end data, we highlight a refreshed screen of 20 HK listed retail ‘favorite’ stocks based on rising retail ownership, strong retail flows and sharp increases in turnover
velocity in the past 3 months
Criteria: 1) Latest retail holdings (as % of float) >50th %ile; 2) Past 3m change in retail holdings as % float (p.p.) >50th %ile; 3) Past 3m retail net buying (US$mn) >50th %ile; 4) Past 3m retail net buying (as %
of float) >50th %ile; 5) Change in turnover velocity (past 3m vs. prior 3m) >50th %ile; 6) Listed market cap >US$1bn; 7) 6M ADVT >US$3mn
>US$1bn >US$3mn >50th %ile >50th %ile >50th %ile >50th %ile >50th %ile
Size and Liquidity Retail ownership Retail flows Turnover velocity
6 May 2022 4
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Source: Bloomberg, Respective Local Stock Exchanges Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, MSCI, Respective Local Stock Exchanges
Exhibit 12: Foreign investors have net sold US$86bn in EM Asia (ex-China) from the late Jan Exhibit 13: Cumulative Northbound flows since its inception in late 2014
‘21 peak, wiping out all the US$33bn inflows from late-May ‘20, suggesting light foreign
positioning overall
Cumulative FII flows in EM Asian Cumulative Northbound Connect net buying (US$bn) 2022YTD:
40 850 300 2014-15: US$ -3.2bn
ex China equities (since 2017) 2016: 2017:
1
Cum. foreign flows (US$ bn)
Dec-18
Dec-20
Dec-17
Dec-19
Dec-21
Jun-18
Jun-20
Jun-17
Jun-19
Jun-21
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, MSCI, Respective Local Stock Exchanges Source: HKEX, Wind, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
6 May 2022 5
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Cumulative Southbound Connect net buying (US$bn) Weekly Southbound net buying in past 52 weeks (US$ mn)
350 2014-15: 2016: 2022YTD: US$ 14.0bn
1
11-Feb
24-Sep
7-May
27-Aug
22-Oct
19-Nov
17-Dec
8-Apr
6-May
11-Mar
4-Jun
2-Jul
30-Jul
14-Jan
0 0
Exhibit 16: SB weekly net buying by sector Exhibit 17: Top 5 bought/sold stocks for the week
SB weekly net buying (US$ mn) Southbound Top Buying (for the week)
(May 02-May 06) SB Net Buying
S.no Ticker Name
(US$ mn)
Discretionary
1 3690.HK Meituan Dianping 187
Energy 2 0883.HK CNOOC 112
Insurance, Other Fins. 3 2020.HK ANTA Sports 49
Tech HW, Semi 4 2331.HK Li Ning 49
5 0388.HK HKEx 25
Materials
Industrials
Southbound Top Selling (for the week)
Comm. Svcs. SB Net Selling
S.no Ticker Name
(US$ mn)
Real Estate
1 2269.HK Wuxi Biologics -38
Health Care 2 0700.HK Tencent -31
-100 0 100 200 300 3 6098.HK Country Garden Services -23
Based on daily top 10 traded stocks 4 1211.HK BYD (H) -16
5 1088.HK China Shenhua Energy (H) -15
For detailed analysis on SB flows, please see China Musings: The (differentiated) power of Southbound flows, Jan 27, 2021.
6 May 2022 6
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Top Southbound Holdings (Value) Top Southbound Holdings (as % float cap)
SB Holding Value SB Holding Value
S.no Ticker Name S.no Ticker Name
(US$ mn) (as % float cap)
1 0700.HK Tencent 32,168 1 2400.HK XD, Inc. 89%
2 0939.HK CCB (H) 16,702 2 9992.HK Pop Mart Int'l 82%
3 1398.HK ICBC (H) 13,497 3 1797.HK Koolearn Technology 81%
4 3690.HK Meituan Dianping 12,365 4 1065.HK Tianjin Capital Environ. (H) 79%
5 0005.HK HSBC Holdings 12,152 5 6078.HK Hygeia Healthcare 77%
6 0941.HK China Mobile 11,850 6 6806.HK Shenwan Hongyuan (H) 77%
7 0883.HK CNOOC 9,271 7 0861.HK Digital China 74%
8 1810.HK Xiaomi Corp. 4,558 8 6099.HK China Merchants Securities (H) 72%
9 1088.HK China Shenhua Energy (H) 3,743 9 6049.HK Poly Property Services (H) 69%
10 2020.HK ANTA Sports 3,423 10 2380.HK China Power Int'l Dev 67%
Note: SB holding values are based on latest available CCASS shareholding information. Free float factors are based on MSCI foreign inclusion factor and Bloomberg free float percent data (as of Nov 2021).
Exhibit 19: Top Southbound ownership changes (over the past week)
Top Increase in SB Ownership (over the past week) Top Decrease in SB Ownership (over the past week)
SB Ownership SB Ownership
S.no Ticker Name Change S.no Ticker Name Change
(as % float) (as % float)
1 6699.HK Angelalign Technology 1.4% 1 6158.HK Zhenro Properties -2.2%
2 2500.HK Venus Medtech (H) 0.9% 2 3908.HK China Int'l Capital Corp. -0.47%
3 3613.HK Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine 0.8% 3 6601.HK Cheerwin Group -0.41%
4 9992.HK Pop Mart Int'l 0.7% 4 9966.HK Alphamab Oncology -0.40%
5 6078.HK Hygeia Healthcare 0.6% 5 1385.HK Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (H) -0.34%
6 9996.HK Peijia Medical Ltd. 0.6% 6 6068.HK Wisdom Education -0.32%
7 6989.HK Excellence Commercial Property 0.50% 7 3990.HK Midea Real Estate -0.31%
8 1456.HK Guolian Securities (H) 0.49% 8 2883.HK China Oilfield Services (H) -0.28%
9 9939.HK Kintor Pharma. Ltd 0.49% 9 3331.HK Vinda International -0.22%
10 3606.HK Fuyao Glass (H) 0.45% 10 6996.HK Antengene Corporation -0.17%
Note: SB holding values are based on latest available CCASS shareholding information. Free float factors are based on MSCI foreign inclusion factor and Bloomberg free float percent data (as of Nov 2021).
6 May 2022 7
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
Exhibit 20: Top Southbound traded stocks this week (as % of stock turnover)
Top SB traded stocks (as % of stock turnover) Top SB traded stocks (as % of stock turnover)
SB net buying SB net buying
(as % stock turnover) (as % stock turnover)
S.no Ticker Name 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5 5/6 S.no Ticker Name 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5 5/6
1 0883.HK CNOOC - - - 36% 18% 11 1024.HK Kuaishou Technology (B) - - - 11% -5%
2 2899.HK Zijin Mining Group (H) - - - 33% - 12 0941.HK China Mobile - - - -4% 10%
3 2020.HK ANTA Sports - - - 25% 19% 13 1810.HK Xiaomi Corp. - - - 5% 10%
4 2331.HK Li Ning - - - -2% 23% 14 1211.HK BYD (H) - - - -9% -
5 2269.HK Wuxi Biologics - - - -21% 2% 15 1171.HK Yanzhou Coal Mining (H) - - - 5% -
6 6049.HK Poly Property Services (H) - - - - 20% 16 0981.HK SMIC - - - - -4%
7 6098.HK Country Garden Services - - - - -20% 17 0700.HK Tencent - - - -3% 0%
8 0388.HK HKEx - - - 14% - 18 1919.HK COSCO Shipping - - - -1% -
9 3690.HK Meituan Dianping - - - 10% 13% 19 - - - - - - -
10 1088.HK China Shenhua Energy (H) - - - -13% -8% 20 - - - - - - -
6 May 2022 8
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
We highlight Southbound data in the largest owned financials sector (The Big 5). We show flows in only those China
financials with Southbound holding greater than US$10bn, which are currently CCB and ICBC.
Exhibit 22: Southbound ownership in China banks Exhibit 23: Southbound ownership in China insurance stocks
Largest 5 Offshore China banks in MSCI China by market cap Largest 7 Offshore China insurers in MSCI China by market cap
5 5 10
0 0 0
Apr-18
Apr-19
Apr-21
Apr-17
Jul-17
Jul-19
Jul-21
Oct-17
Jan-18
Jul-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Jan-20
Apr-20
Jul-20
Oct-20
Oct-21
Jan-22
Apr-22
Jan-17
Jan-19
Jan-21
Jul-17
Jul-18
Jul-19
Jul-20
Jul-21
Apr-17
Apr-18
Oct-18
Apr-19
Oct-19
Oct-20
Oct-21
Oct-17
Apr-21
Apr-22
Jan-17
Jan-18
Jan-19
Jan-20
Apr-20
Jan-21
Jan-22
Exhibit 24: CCB (H): Southbound weekly net buying for the past 1 year Exhibit 25: ICBC (H): Southbound weekly net buying for the past 1 year
CCB (H): SB weekly net buying ICBC (H): SB weekly net buying
150 (US$ mn, past 1 year) 50 (US$ mn, past 1 year)
100 0
0
50
0 -50
0
-100
-50
-150
-100
-150 -200
-200 Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks. -250 Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks.
07-May 16-Jul 24-Sep 03-Dec 11-Feb 22-Apr 07-May 16-Jul 24-Sep 03-Dec 11-Feb 22-Apr
6 May 2022 9
Goldman Sachs Weekly Fund Flows Monitor
We include Southbound ownership/flows on mega cap stocks that occurred most frequently, i.e., those with market cap >
US$20bn and showing up at least 75% of the time in the top 10 in the past 1 year.
Exhibit 26: Meituan: Southbound weekly net buying Exhibit 27: Xiaomi: Southbound weekly net buying
Exhibit 28: Tencent: Southbound weekly net buying Exhibit 29: SMIC: Southbound weekly net buying
-1,500 -200
-2,000 Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks. -400 Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks.
07-May 16-Jul 24-Sep 03-Dec 11-Feb 22-Apr 07-May 16-Jul 24-Sep 03-Dec 11-Feb 22-Apr
Cumulative Connect net buying since 2018 (US$bn) Weekly Northbound net buying in past 52 weeks(US$ mn)
250 10,000 NB net buying (US$ mn) Average
Southbound
8,000
200 Northbound
US$ 189.7bn 6,000
(Ytd: US$ -3.2bn)
4,000
150
2,000
0
100
(2,000)
50 US$ 201.8bn (4,000)
(6,000) (355)
(Ytd: US$ 14.0bn)
Average: US$ 763mn
0 (8,000)
11-Feb
24-Sep
7-May
27-Aug
8-Apr
6-May
22-Oct
19-Nov
17-Dec
4-Jun
14-Jan
2-Jul
30-Jul
11-Mar
Jul-20
Jul-21
Jul-18
Jul-19
Apr-18
Oct-18
Oct-19
Apr-20
Apr-21
Apr-22
Oct-20
Oct-21
Jan-18
Apr-19
Jan-21
Jan-22
Jan-19
Jan-20
Exhibit 32: Northbound top buying for the week Exhibit 33: Northbound top selling for the week
Northbound Top Buying (for the week) Northbound Top Selling (for the week)
NB Net Buying NB Net Selling
S.no Ticker Name S.no Ticker Name
(US$ mn) (US$ mn)
1 000651.SZ Gree Electric (A) 136 1 300750.SZ Contemporary Amperex Tech (A) -560
2 600519.SS Kweichow Moutai (A) 123 2 601668.SS China State Construction Eng. (A) -45
3 600887.SS Yili Industrial (A) 82 3 601899.SS Zijin Mining (A) -38
4 000333.SZ Midea Group (A) 50 4 000002.SZ China Vanke (A) -35
5 600406.SS NARI Technology (A) 48 5 603259.SS WuXi AppTec (A) -26
6 002304.SZ Yanghe Brewery Joint-Stock (A) 45 6 300059.SZ East Money Information -23
7 300274.SZ Sungrow Power Supply (A) 35 7 600036.SS CMB (A) -21
8 601919.SS COSCO SHIPPING (A) 34 8 601012.SS LONGi Green Energy Tech (A) -7
9 002594.SZ BYD (A) 33 9 000858.SZ Wuliangye (A) 0
10 600309.SS Wanhua Chemical Group (A) 31 10 - - -
Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks. Note: Based on daily top 10 traded stocks.
(ex CN)
US$bn Flows into equity mutual funds globally Equity -0.1
FII
50 Bond 2
4-week moving average Latest 4w ma: US$-9 bn
40 Europe -4
-20 Japan 1
Connect
-30 NB -0.4
Flows
Dec-12
Dec-16
Dec-19
Dec-09
Dec-10
Dec-11
Dec-13
Dec-14
Dec-15
Dec-17
Dec-18
Dec-20
Dec-21
SB 0.2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
Current week flows (US$bn) Past 4wk Avg (US$bn)
Source: EPFR, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: Bloomberg, EPFR, HKEx, FactSet, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Exhibit 36: US ETFs saw large inflows of US$3bn this week; GEM, China and AEJ passive Exhibit 37: EM funds saw another week of active-driven outflows of US$0.2bn; AEJ funds
funds saw moderate inflows of US$0.5-0.6bn each saw moderate inflows of US$0.8bn this week (70% passive)
Cumulative active & passive equity fund flows since 2019 (US$bn) Cumulative equity fund flows since 2019 (US$bn)
525 (US$ mn) 2020 Week-to-date 100 Since 2019 Wtd GEM
2021 2022Ytd
Total Active Passive
USA
(US$mn) GEM AEJ GEM AEJ (Passive)
425 USA 23,358 387,376 78,892 (2,071) (4,727) 2,656 80 Active (10,087) 19,441 (849) 254
Europe (45,409) 3,330 (33,453) (4,097) (3,577) (520)
Japan 37,130 28,813 (2,201) 1,004 65 939 Passive 74,854 75,384 613 540 AeJ
325 China 15,788 50,072 32,661 803 237 566 60 Total 64,766 94,825 (236) 793 (Passive)
AeJ 2,564 64,368 42,956 793 254 540
225 GEM (5,321) 51,653 14,676 (236) (849) 613 40 AEJ
Japan
(Active)
125 GEM 20
China GEM
25 0
AeJ (Active)
-75 -20
Exhibit 38: Southbound flows have slowed down recently; China ETF (ex-onshore) inflows Exhibit 39: Inflows to China-focused funds slowed down to US$0.8bn this week (vs.
have been robust in the past one year US$4.5bn last week)
Cumulative capital flows to China offshore/HK in past 52 weeks (US$bn) Weekly flows into China dedicated equity funds in past 52 wks (US$ bn)
70 ETF (ex. Onshore) Active (ex. Onshore) Passive Active Total
Southbound Connect Total fund flows 62 (0) 8
60
Note: Numbers in brackets refer to this week's flows
50 Data as of 5/4/2022. 6
40 4
44 (0)
30 2
0.8
20 0
19 (0)
10 -2
0 (0)
0 -4
-10 -6
May-21
Nov-21
Dec-21
May-22
Jul-21
Jun-21
Aug-21
Sep-21
Feb-22
Jan-22
Oct-21
Mar-22
Apr-22
20-Oct
17-Nov
15-Dec
9-Feb
5-May
25-Aug
22-Sep
6-Apr
4-May
2-Jun
12-Jan
9-Mar
30-Jun
28-Jul
Source: EPFR, HKEX Source: EPFR
Exhibit 40: Within US-domiciled funds, money market and bond funds saw outflows ytd, and Exhibit 41: EM Asian (ex-China) bond net foreign buying is slowing down; Equities have
equity funds also saw outflows recently seen foreign outflows recently
US$bn Cumulative fund flows since 2019 Cum. foreign net buying of EM Asia ex CN equities/bonds since 2019 (US$bn)
2,000 (US listed funds) 250 Equity flows include Korea, Taiwan, India,
Money
Market 200 Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia
1,500 Bond flows include Korea, India, Indonesia, Thailand
150
1,000
Bond 100
Funds Bond
500 50
0
0
-50
-500 -100
Equity Funds Equity
-1,000 -150
Sep-19
Sep-20
Sep-21
Jun-19
Jun-20
Jun-21
Mar-19
Mar-20
Mar-21
Mar-22
Dec-18
Dec-19
Dec-20
Dec-21
Dec-18
Dec-19
Dec-20
Dec-21
Sep-19
Sep-20
Sep-21
Mar-19
Mar-20
Mar-21
Mar-22
Jun-19
Jun-20
Jun-21
Source: Lipper US Fund Flows Source: Bloomberg, Respective Local Stock Exchanges
Source: Bloomberg, AMFI, TEJ, FactSet, MSCI Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Exhibit 44: Retail sentiment is at below average levels for most Asian markets Exhibit 45: Our basket of Retail ‘favorite’ stocks in the region (GSSZRFAV) has lagged
recently, but outperformed MXAPJ sharply during the market rebound in 2020
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: FactSet, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Nov-18
May-20
Nov-20
May-21
Nov-21
May-22
May-18
May-19
May-19
Nov-19
May-20
Nov-20
May-22
Nov-19
May-18
May-21
Nov-18
Nov-21
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Exhibit 48: GS India Equity Risk Barometer Exhibit 49: Our ERBs indicate that risk appetite is below average levels for all Asian
markets
India ERB level Nifty level
3 21000 GS proprietary ERBs for different markets
India ERB Nifty Index (rhs) High risk appetite
4 High-Low range (1 year) Current 23-Mar-2020 2021 High
2 19000 3
1 2
17000
0 1
15000 -0.7 -0.4
0 -1.2
-1 -1.2
13000 -1
-2 -0.7 -0.9
-2
11000 -1.9
-3 -3
-4 9000 -4
Low risk appetite -5
-5 7000 APxJ China China Korea Taiwan India Global
Nov-18
Nov-19
Nov-21
Nov-20
May-18
May-21
May-19
May-20
May-22
offshore onshore
Note: Global refers to the GS Risk Appetite Indicator <GSRAII>.
Source: Bloomberg, FactSet, MSCI, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research