RESUMEN PRUEBA 3

Unidad 11: Conflict

NOUN ADJECTIVE OPPOSITE ADJECTIVE
Patience Patient Impatient
Calmness Calm Nervous
Weakness Weak Strong
Flexibility Flexible Inflexible
Emotion Emotional Unemotional
Consistency Consistent Inconsistent
Sympathy Sympathetic Unsympathetic
Formality Formal Informal
Enthusiasm Enthusiastic Unenthusiastic
Creativity Creative Not Creative

Word Conflict Russia-Ukraine

What´s the maidan revolution in Ukraine? When did it take place?
Protesters against the president because he didn´t want to sign an agreement to
belong to the E.U. The president is pro-Russian.
It was in Feb 2014.
Which territory did Russia invade in 2014? Why?
Russia invaded and subsequently annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine.
This event took place in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity and is part of the
wider Russo-Ukrainian War.
Why  to ensure proper conditions for the people of Crimea to be able to freely
express their will.
They invaded the Crimea Peninsula with the referendum they invaded Crimea
because there were many pro-Russians. Why  because Crimean has a port to
trade goods and is strategic place between the black sea which connect to the
other countries (military bases).
If you enter to the E.U  free trade of goods, one currency, no borders (free
movement of people), no restrictions and one defense.
Why is Russia interested in invading Donetsk and Luhansk, firstly?
- Access with the Black Sea
- Mineral wealth: oil, steal, coal
- There are pro-Russian movements  nationalist “to rescuing those Russian
´s”
Why has NATO (Non-Atlantic treaty organization) has not been part of this
conflict? What doesn´t Russia wants? Why?
If one country dad belong to NATO is attracted, any countries can defense. Por
eso, nadie puede defender a Ucrania porque no son parte del tratado.
What doesn´t Russia wants  he doesn´t want Ukraine to belong to NATO.
How did the invasion break out?
- Russia sent a full-scale military invasion
- Putin gave a speech against the Ukrainian officers
How has Zelensky defended Ukraine? Write examples briefly.
- He wants to get to the trenches
- All citizens called to fight, including older people
- Changed the defiance military for a better one
- Accused Russia genocide
- He asks for help and money to other countries
What do Russian and Ukraine produce? How has this production affected the
world and Europe?
Russia  oil, gas, wheat
Ukraine  grains, barley, vegetables, oil, maize
How this affected  high prices, shortage
What sanctions has the western world imposed on Russia? Mention 6.
- Social – medias services left Russia
- No tennis tournaments
- No Olympic participation
- Companies leaving Russia
- Banking Sanctions  blocking the accounts of wealthy Russian people (rich
people), disconnect Russian banks from the system
- USA imposed taxes on Russian imports
- Blocking banks from SWIFT (online system to make transactions) system to
damage the Russian economy
Which nations support Russia?
Belarus (has allowed Russian troops to enter Ukraine from its territory), Cuba,
Nicaragua, Venezuela, North Korea, India, China in silence.
What´s Mariupol and why is it important to Russians?
Is the major industrial hub (center) and the major port (Puerto principal). Today
Russia took the port, and this is a symbolic victory.
Where is Odessa? Analyze the second map in this worksheet. What can you
guess what Russia targets?
Another important Ukrainian port. Russia wants to invade it and have complete
control of the Black Sea, thus blocking trade between Ukrainian and other
countries.
Are you aware of the four conditions Putin is asking Ukraine to stop the war?
- To give away some territories  Mariupol and the easter regions
- Ukraine neither entering the EU not entering the NATO
- Russian language must be the 2nd one
- Crimea becomes an official Russian territory
- No more Ukrainian nationalist movements or parties
What do you think is Putin’s target?
- Have control of the region
- Not allowing more of the former URSS countries be closer to the EU
- Recovering URSS land
- Trade control
Why is Ukraine so attractive for Russian president, Putin?
Because there are many Russians and pro Russians feelings in Ukraine
What countries have asked to belong to the EU? Why? How was their
situation before?
Sweden and Finland  because shares a long border with Russia and they had a
war before world war ll
Why  because of the diplomacy security, economic and political support
Before  they were neutral during world war ll
Apuntes PPT
Why does conflict arise  difference of opinions:
 Need
 Values
 Positions
 Principles
Loose Face  run away from the conflict
Peers  equals (compañeros)
Hierarchy  jerarquia  help solve conflict because probably people have more
knowledge and allows to get to consensus
The types of conflict:

The “not-invented-here syndrome”  the emphasis is on ignoring, boycotting or

otherwise refusing to acknowledge solutions by others (syndrome de no inventar,
se niegan a copiar soluciones de otras empresas)
What is the usual course of action when workers and management can’t find a
solution?
 Employee protection from HHRR or unions (workers association)
 Wages raise (salaries malos)
 Working conditions
 Discrimination issues
 Days off
 The hours of work and shifts (turnos)
 Strikes or go-slows  huelgas o paros; hacer ralentizaciones (se trabaja
más lento para disminuir producción y mandar como un mensaje)
 Mandatory cooling-off periods (periodos de enfriamento) before strikes can
begin and official procedures for arbitration.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to avoid legal wrangling for supplier-
customer relationship conflicts. Es una solucion alternativa de conflictos para evitar
los conflictos de relación entre proveedor-cliente
Conditionals

Unidad 12: Products

Attractive  unattractive
Comfortable  uncomfortable
Economical  uneconomical
Efficient  inefficient
Expensive  inexpensive
Fashionable  unfashionable
Healthy  unhealthy
Popular  unpopular
Practical  impractical
Pure  impure
Reliable  unreliable
Safe  unsafe
High: Hard  wearing Best  selling Well  made Long  lasting
- Technology
- Quality
- Performance
Types of Products
- Tangible good
- Intangible good
- Manufactured good  wine, tables, paper, sugar
- Primary product  copper, meat, wheat
- Services
Certifiesd B Corporations  utilizan la fuerza del mercado para dar solución a
problemas sociales y ambientales
- high standard of verified performance, employees benefits.
- Is a certificate for a companies  social and enviormental performance
- There have sustainable economy
- Profits and purpose included  les importa la comunidad con los que
trabajan.
- For example  Patagonia, greenglass,

Advanced Economies vs Commodities

- What percentage do you think it is in Chile?  30-38%
- How much do advanced economies rely on commodities?  finished
goods
- Some economies rely on intangible goods.  Canary Island (banking
system because they have lower taxes) igual que Luxemburgo.
Tailandia  tourism
Developed vs Underdeveloped Countries
 Different perception of consumer durables
 Consumer durables replacement market  built in obsolescence (the
products last shorter) they out of fashion very quickly
 Importance of brand, image and design
 Design in obsolescence.  the design is also changing (saber ejemplo)
 Unnecessary sophistication of products
 Consumerism (consumismo) and their influence on products  you buy
everything
Lifecycle of the products
1. Design  to make a plan or drawing
2. Manufacture  to build or make
3. Test  to try something in order to see how it works
4. Modify  to change to improve
5. Launch  to introduce to the marker
6. Distribute  to supply to shops, companies, customers
7. Promote  to increase sales by advertising
8. Discontinue  to stop making
Passives

Test 3
Examples of intangible products  insurance, shares, bonds
Examples of consumer durables  washing machines, refrigerators, cars
Examples of primary products  copper, sugar, cereals, minerals
What is JIT in terms of company strategy?
JIT refers to just in time delivery, an inventory strategy to increase efficiency,
reduce inventories, decrease waste and costs by receiving goods only when they
are required.
What makes a product great? Write down the three main characteristics that
makes a product great:
- It should be easy to use
- It should solve a problem or fulfill a need
- It should be functional / practical (and make your life easier)

Shrinking  encoger, contracción