T4800 Load Sharer

» • Automatic load sharing with relay o

speed control
­ utputs for

• 2-wire communication with other T4800 Load

Sharers
• System frequency control
• Unload facility
• Reverse power and unloaded trip
• Visual indication of voltage, increase, decrease and
unload signals
• Cost effective and highly reliable compact design
• 50 hours burn-in before final test
• Vibration test up to 4g RMS
• Certified by major marine classification societies
• Flame retardant enclosure

Application Function The speed governor must operate with

The T4800 Load Sharer provides ­automatic
load sharing and system f­ requency control
for parallel running generators. The load
sharing is ­proportional, meaning that
the ­generators will be loaded equally
­compared to their individual capacity.
The load on each generator is compared
with the load on the other generators and
corrected until balance is obtained.
Load sharing is necessary after synchro­
nization in order to re-establish load
balance and to obtain long term stability of
load and system frequency.
When applied with the B9300 Power
Reference Unit, one or several genera­tors
can be operated in parallel with the grid
(utility).
The input to the T4800 is the voltage
and current, from which the active load
and frequency are determined.
The T4800 calculates I x cos φ, represen­
ting the active load. The load on each
generator is compared with the load on
the other generators. Contact signals for
increase and decrease with proportional
pulses are obtained as output. These pulses
regulate the frequency and load via the
electric servomotor on a conven­­­tio­nal
speed gover-
nor, or by controlling an electronic speed
controller via an inter­mediate E7800
Motorized Potentiometer.
droop (frequency decrease with load in-
crease) in order to obtain fast load balance
with load changes.
An unload function is also provided. When
activated, the T4800 will reduce the
generator load to zero. A built-in relay can
automatically trip the circuit breaker when
the unload procedure is completed.
The T4800 has a built-in reverse power
protection with selectable limits and time
delays.
Supply voltage / current
The supply voltage from L1 and L2 is
connected to terminals 1 and 3 or 2 and 3,
depending on the system voltage.

Together with the T4500 Auto Synchro­

nizer, the T4800 provides the optimal solu-
tion for generator control, both in marine
and land-based applications.
The T4800 is type approved by major
marine classification societies. The T4900
VAr-Load Sharer can also be used as a
supplement. The combination of the T4800
and the T4900 will provide ­complete load
sharing of both active load and reactive
load.

Fig. 1. Application Diagram.

» Control. Monitor. Protect


The measuring current from L3 is
­connected to terminals 5 and 6 with 5 re-
ferring to the generator (see the ­diagram
figure 1).
The current measure­ment must be taken
from the same phase on all ­generators.
The current is measu­red in the phase that
is not supplying the unit. It is important to
ensure that the phase sequence is correct.
This relation between the connections
of voltage and current must be correct in
order to achieve a correct load measure­
ment. It can be checked on terminal 11
(TEST OUT), where an input of nominal
current (1A or 5A) and power factor 1.0
gives -2.0V for correct connection.
Common reference
Terminal 12 (COM.) is common reference
for all terminals 7 to 13 and 28 to 29.
Power and frequency balance
Two normally de-energized relays (INCR.
and DECR.) with LED indica­tions on termi-
nals 14, 15 and 16, are for ­increase and de-
crease pulses to the gover­­nor servo motor
or to an interme­diate E7800 Motorized
Potentiometer (control­ling the speed trim
input of an electronic speed controller).
The width of the pulses is proportional to
the frequency / load difference.
Communication between load sharers
For communication between the load
sharers all terminals 12 (COM.) are inter­
connected, as well as all terminals 13 (+).
Unload
Connecting terminals 7 (UNLOAD) and 12
will reduce the power on the ­generator to
zero load, and maintain zero load. When
the load passes below 5% load, a trip
signal is provided as a normally open (NO)
contact on t­ erminals 23-24 and a normally
closed (NC) contact on terminals 24-25.
This trip signal can be used to trip the
circuit breaker.
Frequency out
Connecting terminal 8 (FREQ. OUT) to
terminal 12 will disable the frequency
control and can be used when running in
parallel with the grid where the ­frequency
is fixed by the grid.
Note: When using the B9300 Power
Reference Unit, connected to the paral­lel
lines (terminals 12 and 13) of the T4800,
the frequency control will automa­tically
be disabled. In such situations it is not nec-
essary to connect terminal 8 to t­ erminal
12 for disabling the frequency control.
Frequency in / sync. control
An external voltage injected between
terminals 9 (FREQ. IN) and 12 can control
the frequen­cy. The same signal can be
connected between terminals 29 (FREQ.
IN) and 12. The synchronizing control on
terminal 28 (SYNC.) will switch this signal
on and at the same time disable the inter-
nal frequency control.
This feature can be used for simulta-
neous synchronization of already parallel
­running generators to another busbar
section, a shaft generator or the grid. An
output from terminals 12 (COM) and 13
(FREQ. OUT) on the T4500 connected to
terminals 12 (COM) and 29 (FREQ. IN) on
all the T4800 Load Sharers will allow the
frequency to be aligned for synchro-nizing.
Terminals 28 (SYNC.) on all load sharers
are interconnected and with a contact
between terminals 28 and 12, the exter­nal
frequency signal from T4500 Synchro­ni­-
zer on terminal 29 will be active and all
internal frequency controls are disabled
(see application diagram figure 3).
Watt in
Between terminals 10 (WATT IN) and
12 a negative voltage –1.0V from a volt
free watt converter can be connected to
substitute the internal load measuring cir-
cuit. In this case no current trans-former
(CT) needs to be connected to terminals
5 and 6. Most standard mea-surement
sig­nals can be adapted with external
resistors.
0 - 10V : Series resistor 820kΩ
0 - 5mA : Parallel resistor 200Ω
Reverse power trip / unload trip
The reverse power trip operates at 10%
with a delay of 10 sec., but it can be
­reduced to 5% by bridging terminals 17
and 18 and to 5 sec. delay by bridging
terminals 18 and 19. A resistor of 510kΩ
between terminals 17 and 18 gives 7.5%,
a resistor of 2.7MΩ between terminals 18
and 19 gives 7.5 sec. delay.
If the generator is unloading (contact
between terminals 7 and 12) a trip
signal is obtained when the load passes
below +5% load.
Both tripping signals are available on the
same potential free contact set, normally
»
Control. Monitor. Protect
open (NO) contact on termi­nals 23-24 and
normally closed (NC) contact on terminals
24-25. The reverse power trip signal is
continuous, and the unload trip signal has
a duration of 0.5 sec.
Auto mode
Terminals 31 and 32 (AUTO) must be
bridged for automatic load sharing
­function. If only reverse power protec­
tion is wanted, the terminals should be
disconnected.
Adjustments
LOAD DEV. can be used for fine
­adjustments of the load balance. It should
also be used to obtain balance with gener-
ators of different size and with different
types of CTs. For generators of the same
size and with the same type of CT the set-
ting 0 should be used on all load sharers.
SYS. FREQ. is used for adjustment of
the system frequency. It can be adjusted
between 48Hz and 62Hz.
STABILITY is used for adjusting the reg-
ulation time. A high setting of S­ TABILITY
will give a slow, but accurate regulation.
A low setting will give a fast regulation.
However, too low a setting may cause
instability.
With the STABILITY adjustment the pro-
portional band (pulsing band) is adjustable
between ±50 - 250% load and ±5 - 25%
frequency, and the dead band zone (in
balance - no pulsing) is a
­ djustable between
±2 -10% load and ±0.2 - 1.0% frequency.
Trouble Shooting
If load balance is not obtainable
If load balance is not obtainable and the
load goes to maximum or reverse
power, one of the signals is inverted
due to wrong polarity or interchanged
wires. If this is the case, the following
should be checked:
1. The polarity of the power measuring
signals on terminal 11 (TEST OUT) must
be positive with the generator on load.
If the polarity is positive, change the vol­
tage connections 1 and 3 or 2 and 3 or the
current connections 5 and 6.
2. Increase and decrease outputs should
be obtained as indicated by the LEDs on
the front.
3. The parallel lines connected to 12
(COM.) and 13 (+) between load sharers
must not be interchanged.
 BUS

Fig. 2. Application Diagram. Synchronization and load sharing with T4500 and T4800. Unload trip and reverse power trip.

If the load balance is incorrect.

If there is a balance point, but the load
GRID
balance is incorrect, the following should
be checked:
SYNCHRONIZER
T4500

1. Load deviation shall be set to 0 for same

size of generators and same type of CTs.
2. If the deviation from other genera-tors
is approximately two times, it is likely
that the current on terminals 5 and 6 is
BUS
measured in one of the phases supplying
the T4800. The current must be measured
in the phase that is not supplying the unit
(see the application in fig. 1).

LOAD SHARER LOAD SHARER

Check the voltage on terminal 11 (TEST T4800 T4800

OUT) to be -2.0V DC for nominal current

input (IN=1A or IN=5A) and power factor
= 1.0. A current measurement in a wrong
phase will give
+1V DC.

Example:
If the current in terminals
5 and 6 is 2.0A, the nominal current IN is
5A, and the power factor is 0.8, then
the voltage for correct ­connection is:
2
-2 x —x 0.8 = -0.64V.
5
If the load is fluctuating up and down
If there is a correct balance point, but
the load is ­fluctuating up and down, the
STABILITY should be turned clockwise
in order to obtain stability, but not more

» Control. Monitor. Protect

» Specifications
T4800 Load Sharer
Max. voltage
Voltage range
660V
70 - 110% 150
Consumption Voltage 4VA at UN
Current 0.4VA at IN
Continuous current 2 x IN Fixing holes

50
2 x ø 4.5 mm.
Frequency range 35 - 70Hz
Frequency adjustment 48 - 62Hz

10
Proportional band ±50 - 250% load 7.5 135
±5 - 25% frequency
115
Dead band zone ±2 - 10% load
±0.2 - 1.0% frequency
Contact rating AC: 400V, 2A, 250VA
DC: 110V, 2A, 100W
Dimensions in mm.

70
Operating temperature -20°C to +70°C
Vibration test 4g RMS according to IEC 60068-2-64
EMC CE according to EN50081-1, EN50082-1, EN50081-2,
EN50082-2, EN61000-6-2:1999
Fig. 4 Dimensions
Approvals Certified by major marine classification societies
Burn-in 50 hours before final test
Enclosure material Polycarbonate, flame retardant
Weight 0.7kg
Dimensions 70 x 150 x 115mm (H x W x D)
Installation 35 DIN rail or two 4mm (3/16”) screws

The specifications are subject to change without notice.

Approvals &
Certificates
Type Selection Table
Standard types: IN =5A The T4800 has been approved by major
Type Terminals IN marine classification societies.
1-3 2-3
For more information about the indivi-
T4800.0010 450V 400V 5A
dual certificates, please visit selco.com
T4800.0020 230V 5A
T4800.0030 480V 415V 5A
T4800.0040 110V 100V 1A
T4800.0050 450V 400V 1A
T4800.0060 127V 120V 5A
T4800.0070 110V 100V 5A

Other supply voltages, nominal currents and combinations are available on request.

SELCO
Betonvej 11 Tel.: + 45 - 70 26 11 22
01-2017

DK- 4000 Roskilde Fax: + 45 - 70 26 25 22

Denmark e-mail: selco@selco.com selco.com