MUSIC

Secular Music
Balitaw
A dialogue or courtship song in triple meter, mostly in 2 and 3 part forms and arranged with
counter melodies. Ex.: “Sa libis ng Nayon”, “Bakya mo Neneng”, “Arimunding-munding”
Kundiman
This came from the words “kung hindi man.” Through its melody, lyrics, and expressive singing,
the kundiman conveys a selfless and spiritual attitude, intense love, longing, caring, devotion, and
oneness not only with a romantic partner, but also with a parent, child, a spiritual figure, or the
motherland. Ex.: “Nasaan Ka Irog”, Pilipinas kong Mahal, “Sa Sariling Bayan”
Polka
This originated from a Bohemian Dance that became popular in Europe and America in the early
19th century. In the Philippines, it was performed in elegant evening gatherings at the height of its
popularity during the Spanish colonial period. The tempo in polka is in quick duple meter.
Kumintang
Kumintang originated from Balayan, Batanggas. This song is in Triple meter with themes of love
and courtship. Ex: “Mutya ng Pasig”
Harana
A serenade traditionally sung by a man to express his love to a lady. It is sung with emotion and
usually accompanied by a guitar.It is in Duple or Quadruple Meter in danza menor or habanera
tempo.

Music of Mindoro
Vocal Music

1. Marayaw- song used to communicate with spirits in rituals for healing the sick and protecting
the community.
2. Pamuybuyen- legend
3. Ambahan- composed of seven-syllable line ending in rhymes
- often used in parenting, in courtship, and by visitors to ask for food.
- texts are commonly written on bamboo.
- often chanted with accompanying instruments.

Music of Cordillera
Instrumental Music
1. Metal Instruments (Gongs)
Gangsa Ensemble- It consists of 5-6 flat gongs played in standing position or bending
position.
1. Gangsa Toppaya- gongs played by striking with the palm while rested on the lap.
2. Gangsa Palook- gongs are struck or beaten with wooden mallets while held by the left
hand.
2. Bamboo Instruments
1. Bungkaka or Bilbil
2. Tongali
3. Tongatong
4. Ulibaw
5. Patteteg

Music of Mindanao

Bamboo is considered among early Filipinos as spiritual connection from our physical world to the
spiritual.
Bamboo Ensemble- The different manners in playing bamboo instruments include: Blowing
(Aerophoness), shaking or hitting (Idiophones), and plucking (Chordophones).
1. Gabbang- A native xylophone in Sulu, a bamboo keyboard on top, constructed out of wood.
2. Seronggagandi- a guitar-like made of bamboo, cut before one nod and after next.Two chords
are slit loose side by side from the outer skin fibers of the bamboo itself and these are given
tension by means of bridges.
3. Kudyapi- is a 2 string plucked lute instrument made of wood which resembles an elongated
guitar usually having 2 strings.
3. Suling- ( Maguindanao and Yakan) is made mainly of “tamiang” bamboo, long thin-walled
bamboo tube.

ARTS
Arts and crafts are important means of expression, which communicate views, ideas, and
feelings through the use of skills and imagination. These are important parts of our daily lives and
can be found everywhere.

ARCHITECTURE
Vigan, considered as the “Intramurous of the North,” retains the Spanish colonial
architecture along its narrow and cobbled-stoned streets known as Calle Crisologo.

TEXTILE
Inabel- is a hand weaving technique of the Ilocanos that is produced using traditional looms

POTTERY
Burnay- is an unglazed earthen jar with small opening used for storage.

BASKETRY
Labba- is a bowl-shaped basket made from rattan

TATTOOING
Wang-Od- is the “mambabatok” or traditional Kalinga tattoo artist. It is believed that if
someone outside of the bloodline does the tattoo, it will get infected.

SCULPTURE
Bul’ul- is a wooden sculpture that represents the rice granary spirits.

BATANES
 The Ivatans are the people living in the Batanes Group of Islands
 Their houses have unique architectural forms made up of limestone walls, reed, and
cogon roofs. The design and materials are chosen because they are strong enough
to withstand the numerous typhoons and earthquakes that hit the group of island its
geographic location.
ISABELA
 One of the largest provinces in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region.
 Tumauini Church is a Roman Catholic Parish Church of San Matias Apostol. This
Baroque Church was built in 1873 and can be found in the municipality of Tumauini,
Isabela

ARCHITECTURE of Visayas
1. Molo Church in Iloilo, depicts the fusion of Gothic and Renaissance styles. It is built with
white coral rock and considered as one of the most beautiful churches in the Philippines.
2. Miag-o Church in an example of Baroque-Romasnesque architecture that shows its
massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative
arcades.
3. The Ruins- A neoclassical architecture built by a wealthy haciendero for his Portuguese
wife in the early 1900s.
Maranao- means “People of the lake”, referring to the people who occupy the lands surrounding Lake
Lanao.
Malong- Traditional Filipino tube skirt that made of hand-woven or machine-made multicolored cotton
cloth, bearing a variety of geometric or floral designs. It can be used in many ways.
- A traditional dance called Kapa Malong Malong or Sambisa Malong demonstrates the various
ways of wearing a malong and its uses.
CRAFTS, ACCESSORIES, AND BODY ORNAMENTS

 Sarimanok is a legendary bird of the Maranao. It has become a significant

symbol of Maranao.

 Okir refers to traditional and unique carving and prominent to any design among
the Moro ethno-linguistic communities.

 Hilot is a heavy belt worn by women during festivals.

 Suwatlmimotis a wooden comb with colored glass beads hanging from it, worn
toward the back of the head.

 Kulintang is a musical instrument composed of eight different sized brass gongs

laid upon a wooden mallets to produce music. It is made of brass with intricate
designs and embossed top where it can be hit by wooden mallets to produce
music.

Physical Fitness
Is the body’s ability to function effectively and efficiently without undue fatigue in work, leisure
activities, to meet emergency situations and to resist diseases from sedentary lifestyle.

There are three important aspects that an individual should be able to meet in order to be
considered physically fit. These includes:
1. Ability to perform one’s daily task without undue fatigue.
Ex: Getting early for school, walking/travelling to school.
2. Enjoying leisure through some recreational activities.
Leisure activities. Ex: Sports, academic games and other productive hobbies
Recreation activities. Ex: Listening to music, dancing
3. Meeting emergencies
Ex: Participating community service, Calamities (landslides, earthquake, fire,floods etc.)

The ability to meet these three main facets of physical fitness is a manifestation that one is a
physically fit individual. The to meet these three demands of physical fitness requires you to
acquire the different components of fitness.

HEALTH RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS:

-Are prescribed to improved individual’s health.

1. Muscular strength - the ability of the muscle to exert maximal effort in brief duration.
2. Body composition - refers to proportion of lean body mass to fat body mass.
3. Flexibility - the ability of the muscles and joints to go through a full range of motion.
4. Muscular endurance - defined as the maximum pull or push that can be exerted one time by a
muscle group.
5. Cardiovascular endurance - the ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver
adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity.

SKILLS-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS:

-Important for success in skills in skillful activities and athletic events.

1. Speed - the ability to perform a task or move from one point to another in the shortest possible time.
2. Agility - the ability of an individual to quickly shift or change direction of the body from one point to the
other.
3. Power - ability to perform one maximum effort in the shortest possible time. It is product of both
strength and speed.
4. Balance - the ability to stay in equilibrium in relation to changes in body composition. It may be
static or dynamic. Static balance is the kind of balance demonstrated in the stationary position.
Dynamic balance is demonstrated while the body is moving.
5. Reaction time - is the amount of time it takes to respond to a stimulus.
6. Coordination - is the integration with hand and/or foot movements with the input of the senses.

FOLK DANCE
Refers to the dances created and performed collectively by the ordinary people. The term usually
includes: so called “ethnic dances” such as those of the cultural community in the Cordillera, in
Mindoro, Palawan, Sulu, and Mindanao; and the rural or lowland Christian dances, among the
groups like the Ilocano, Pangasinan, tagalog, Pampanga, Bicol, Cebuano, Ilongo and Waray.

Philippine folk dances are diverse, and include religious, ceremonial, courtship, funeral,
combative, exorcism, torture, comic, and game dances. They have been named after saints,
heroes, teachers, foreign steps or dances, their countries or regions of origin, events, tribes,
Philippine steps, a combination of steps and places, and a combination of words.

HOLISTIC HEALTH
Attaining holistic health should be everybody’s goal, and in order to attain this, you need to
develop all dimensions of your health. Now, health focuses on wellness. It is a positive approach
that includes all dimensions of health:

Dimensions of Health:

Physical Health- refers how well your body functions. It is being physically fit, eating nutritiously,
and getting adequate rest and sleep.
Mental Health- being a lifelong learner by continuously wanting to learn new things and improve
one’s skills.
Social Health- refers to how well you get along with other people, how other people react and
how you react with social institutions. It involves your ability to form satisfying interpersonal
relationships with others.
Emotional Health- expressing your emotions/feelings in healthful productive ways. It also refers
to how well you meet the demands of daily life and how you adjust to new situations.
Moral-Spiritual Health- being at peace and in harmony with yourself, others and a higher power.
It refers to your religion, principles, personal beliefs, values and faith.
Environmental Health- the understanding of the effect of our environment/surroundings to us
living things and the ability to find ways on how to protect ourselves and our environment against
all kinds of hazards.

MALNUTRITION AND MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES

Malnutrition- a condition wherein a person is not getting enough of the right food.

Types of Malnutrition:
  Over nutrition- happens when a person eats and gets nutritional requirements beyond the needed and ideal
amount.
 Under nutrition- a condition wherein a person does not eat or take the daily needed nutrients and nutritional
requirements leading to diseases and deficiencies.

KINDS OF EATING DISORDER

Anorexia nervosa- an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation leading to excessive weight loss. It’s
an extreme fear of becoming obese and a distorted view of one’s body size and shape.

Bulimia- a disorder which the clearing of digestive tract follows cycles of overeating. People with this disorder are too
concerned with weight. They will eat large quantity of food in a short period of time. After eating, they do ways to get
rid of the food they eat to avoid gaining weight.

Binge eating disorder- characterized by compulsive eating. People who indulge in compulsive eating consume a
large amount of food at one time but they do not eliminate it.
Stress is inevitable. Everyone may experience stress regardless of age, gender or race. A person
who is not able to handle stress may develop poor habits that will lead to an ailing health
condition. Therefore, it is important for a person to develop and practice stress management
skills.

Stress management skills are techniques that can be used to cope with the harmful effects
produced by stress. There are different ways on how to manage stress (Meeks, et al., 2011):
 Use responsible decision-making skill.  Interact with others and develop
 Rest, relax, and sleep well. friendships.
 Stretch your bones and muscles.  Never hesitate to talk with parents and
 Plan, work it, and plan again. adults.
 Write your experiences in a journal.

If stress is prolonged and you are not able to manage it well, you may develop a mental illness.
“Mental illnesses are disorders that disrupt thinking, feelings, moods, and behaviors and impair
daily functioning (Donatelle, 2006). Below are common mental illnesses:

A. Major Depressive Disorder

B. Bipolar Disorder
C. Schizophrenia
D. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Non-communicable diseases are not caused by pathogens or disease-causing organisms such
as bacteria or viruses, but rather, by how people live, by the conditions with which they are born or
by the hazards around them. It also includes diseases caused by a breakdown of the body tissues
(degenerative diseases), poor diet, environmental and occupational hazards, stress and tension.

Here are some common Non-Communicable Diseases

1. Allergy – is misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system.

a. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) – signs and symptoms include: runny nose, stuffy
nose, sneezing, nasal itching (rubbing), itchy ears and throat.
b. Allergic conjunctivitis – signs and symptoms include: redness under the lids
and the eyes, watery itchy eyes, swelling of the membranes.
c. Allergic eczema – signs and symptoms include: itching, redness, rash on the
face, rash around the eyes.
d. Hives (urticaria) – signs and symptoms include: swollen mark, intense itching.
e. Allergic shock (anaphylactic shock) – signs and symptoms include: nasal
congestion, shortness of breath, swelling of the throat, hives.
2. Asthma – is a chronic lung disorder that causes airways to become inflamed. The
following signs and symptoms are shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.
3. Cardiovascular disease – is the disease of the heart and blood vessels.
These include heart diseases and vascular diseases.