SO GIAO DUC VA DAO TS Ki THI CHQN DOLTUYEN HQ! HANOI 12 THPT NAM HOC 2020 — 2021 Mon: HOA HOC bE CHINH THUC Ngay thi thir nhat: 19 shang 10 nam 2020 ‘hoi gian lim bai: 180 phir. (Bé thi gom 03 trang) C= 12; O= 16; Na= 23; F = 19; Cl = 35,5; Br= 80; S = 32; N= 14; Mn=55; 2,998,10'ms!; R = 8,314 Jmol K" = 0,082 litatmmol.K"; T(K) = (C) + 273, RT, _ 0,0592 280." + Is (1). Bé xée dinh phuong trinh dong hoe cia phan étng, nguai ta tién hanh do te d6 dau ciia phan img 6 cae nong dd dau khac nhau: Thi nghiém Nong dé ban dau Nong dé ban dau ctia Toc dé ban dau cia phan ita T (mol/l) $20” (mol/l) tng v°.10° (mol/l.s) 1 0,1 0.1 0.6 2 02 02 2,4 3 03 02 3.6 1) Xéc dinh bac riéng phan cia cdc chat phin img, bac toin phan va hing so toc d6 ca phan img. Chi 16 don vi cita hang sé tc dé cia phan img, b) Néu ban dau ngudi ta cho vao hén hop dau & thi nghiém 3 mot hén hop chita S: tinh bot sao cho néng d6 ban dau cia S203" bing 0,2 M. Tinh thai gian dé dung dich bat dau xuat hién mau xanh. Biét phan ting: 2S. + ly — SsO.?" + 31 (2) xy ra rt nhanh va dé c6 mau xanh xuat hién thi ndng d6 Is" phai vrot qua 10° mol/l Cau 6 (5,0 diém) 1. Cho dung dich A gdm co HCOONa 0,1M va Na:SOs aM, pH cia dung dich A la 10.4. a) Tinh a b) Thém 14,2 ml dung dich HCI 0,6M vao 20,0 ml dung dich A dizoc dung dich B. Tinh pH cia dung dich B. ¢) Tron 1,0 ml dung dich A véi 1,0 ml dung dich MgCl: 0,001M. = Co két tia Mg(OH)2 tach ra khéng? = Néu c6 két tila Mg(OH)> tach ra, hay tinh pH va dé tan cita Mg(OH)s trong hén hop thu duge Cho: pKa(HCOOH) = 3,75; pKai(H2SOs) = 1,76; pKax(H2SOs) = 7,21; B’MgOH" = 10". Kw (H20) = 107%; pKs Mg(OH)2 = 10,95 2. Dung dich A gom AgNO: 0,050M va Pb(NOs)2 0,100M. Thém 10,00 ml KI 0,250M va HNOs 0,200M vio 10,00 ml dung dich A thi thu duge 20,00 ml dung dich X. Nhiing mot thanh Ag vao dung, dich X va mt thanh Ag khac vio dung dich Y chia AgNO: 0,010M va KSCN 0,040M. Néi dung dich X va dung dich Y bang cau mudi dé thanh lap mot pin dién a) Viet so do pin. b) Viét phuong trinh héa hoc cita cae phan ime xay ra tai cic dién oye va phan img tong quat khi pin lam viée. : ¢) Tinh sire dién déng cia pin va tinh hang s6 can bang ciia phan img tong quat trong pin tai 25°C d) Sire dién dong cua pin sé thay ddi nhu thé nao neu thém Fe(NOs)s vao dung dich Y (gid sit kh6ng lim thay déi thé tich ctia dung dich). Giai thich Cho Ag’ +H,O@=—AgOH +H’ (1) Ky = 10g Pb” +H,O <—PbOH’ +H’ (2) K,=107* pK,(Agl) = 16,0, pK,(Pbl2) = 7.86; PK(AgSCN) = 12.0; EX... =0,799V Cau 7 (4,0 diém) A, B, C, D, E, G, H, Y, Z', Z*, T déu la cac hop chat trong thanh phan 06 chita nguyén to X. ‘A la hop chat dug tao thanh tir 2 nguyén t6, trong dé Flo chiém 34,86% vé khdi long. C, D, E 06 cing thanh phan nguyén 16; s6 oxi héa cua X theo thir tu ting dan trong C, D, E; s6 oxi héa cia X trong A va trong C bing nhau; s6 oxi héa ciia X trong E la so chan. Y, Z',7?,T 6 cing thanh phan nguyén to; Trang 2/12 va ho86 oxi hoa iia X theo thi ty ting din trong Y, Z!, T; s6 oxi hoa eta X trong Z! va Z? bang nhau. Trons Z', flo chiém 52 53% vé khdi lugng, So do dudi day mé ta cac phan tng chuyén héa gitta cdc chat tit A dén T. D(khi) vang cam “0, HgO we, C(khiy Sy > Nt WE (long) v + Fo vang nait Peg do tham My SHOE. 2 Sn a0 fe Ho 6) +F. a H® + nop + z | +H OA» pry 9/120 “ST + NOP) oz) a) Xac dinh cic chat A, B, C, D, E, G, H, X, Y, Z', Z?, T va viét cac phuong trinh hoa hoc hoan thanh so dé chuyén héa trén, Biét ¥ kém ben, c6 thé tu oxi hoa ~ khit dé tao thanh A va Z? (c6 ti 1é mol san pham 1:1); phan img (10) tao thanh G va H voi ti Ié 1:1 b) Biéu dién cau tric cae dong phan c6 thé ¢6 ciia Z', 22, T. ¢) Tai sao chat long E c6 kha nang dan dién? d) Viet phuong trinh phan img thiy phan cae chat C, D, E Cu 8 (2,0 diém) 8 xac dinh ham lugng NasCOs va NaHCO; trong thuée mudi, ngudi ta kay 5,00 gam thude mudi pha thanh 500 ml dung dich mau. Sau d6 tién han chuan dé dung dich mau bang dung dich HCI 0,106M. 1. Trinh bay nguyén tac cia qua trinh chudn d6, chon chat chi thi thich hop. Giai thich 2. Dé nghi mét quy trinh lam thi nghiém 3. Két qua chuan dé duroe ghi trong bang sau Lando | Via (ml) Chie Nea [Chi thi2 Pe 1 10 | ___ 0,80 110 Z a 0,90 coma I =n10) 0,90 11,00 | Hay xéc dinh thanh phan % vé khdi long NaxCOs va NaHCO3 c6 trong mau thuée mudi Cho biét: pKa (H2COs) = 6,35 va 10,33, dé tan ciia CO> trong diéu kién thi nghiém la 3.0.10? M _ Tén chi thi oT Khoang pH chuyén mau udangaxit | Mau dang bazo Metyl da cam 4 31-44 DO Vang cam Metyl do. | 5 Do Vang Quy [= Do Manheeemel Phenol dd | 7 Vang Dd —Phenolphtalein. | 9 _ Khong mau Hong Thimolphtalein_ | _ 10 Khong mau Xanh Céin b6 coi thi khong gidi thich gi them, sudung hang hé thong man hoan céic nguyen 16 héa hoc o $6 bao danh: Chit ki can bd coi thi s thi sinh dug Ho va tén thi sinh: Chit ki can b6 cot thi so 1: Trang 3/12‘GIAO DUC VA DAO. A TAO Ki ; A HA NOL ‘THI CHON DOL TUYEN HOC SINH GIOI THANH PHO LOP 12 THPTNAM HQC 2020 - 2021 DE CHINH THUG © Ngay thi thir har 20°70 2020 Thoi gian lam bai:/80 phir (HDC gém 10 trang) Cau 13.25 diém) | ~~ COOH ¢ thai lai hoa cia ting nyuyé One i 1 Nguyen tir T N va gan gid tri pk, (6 25°C): 1,8, 6,0; 9,2 vao timg, a mH ‘rung tam axit trong céng thite tuong img voi E. Gidi 2. Cho day hop chat sau i \ 7 OO BO Ge» O¢ A B iG b EB tj GH a) So sanh kha nang phan ung thé electrophin cua A voi benzen va cho biét vi tri phan tng uu tién G A Giai thich b) So sanh nhiét 46, nong chay, nhiét dé s6i cua day hop chat trén. Giai thich. 3. Humulen (CisHzs) 1d mét tecpen c6 trong tinh dau hoa bia Khi tién hanh ozon phan réi oxi hoa Humulen thu duge axit 3,3-dimetylbutandioic, avit 3-oxobutanoic va axit 4-oxopentanoic. Biét Humulen chi c6 cau hinh E, hay xéc dinh cng thite edu tao va goi tén Humulen theo danh phap IUPAC. Cu II (3,0 diém) Viet co ché cho cae phin img sau day. a) aK HCOOH 180. HS 0" 2 — F*omaar + R Ong arg R | _PSbsigmanope ya) 4a 4 | 7 pe ° I ; ——— Cl a, AA o [ee me Ode oy | Rae St workag Sy ) ¢ i N R Ciu 13.3 diem) eee1, Hop chat A (CsHioOs) khong 6 phan tng voi H2/Ni, 1°. Khi dun nong véi dung dich axit thi durge chit B (CaHlO:). Khir hoa A bang LiAIHs sau d6 xir Ii voi axit thi thu duge C (CsHoOs) Oxi hoa C bang kali dieromat trong H2SOs thi thu duoc D. Tiép tue cho D vao dung dich axit HCI long, dun néng tha duoc E (CyHO) Khi Khir hba C bing Hi/Ni t thi thu duge sin phim F khéng quang hoat ¢6 céng thie phan tu la Colliz0s. Xéc dinh céu tao cac chat A, B, C, D, Eva F. 2. Hop chat A (CitHs20s) tro khi dun néng véi dung dich kiém va khOng giai phong CHs khi tac dung voi CHsMgBr. Dun néng A véi dung dich H2SO+ loang, thu duoc hop chat B (CsHsO2) va hop chat C (Cokii20). Chat B phan tng véi hidroxylamin cho hop chat D (CsHsN). Chat D khdng bi oxi hoa boi dung dich KMnOs, Chit B cho phan tmg voi Hz (xtc tac Ni, dun nong) tao ra hp chat E. Chat & phan ing voi PBrs tao ra hop chat F (CsHioBr2). Chat D bi khir bai Na/ELOH cho hop chat 1. Chat I phan ung voi CHMeBr gidi phong CH. Khi dun nong chat F véi dung dich NHp, sau d6 06 can thu duge mot chat rn Khi nung chat rin nay 6 nhiét 46 cao thu duoc hgp chat 1. Chat C phan ting duge voi hidroxylamin va co phan mg halofom, Khi axit héa dung dich cia phan img halofom tao ra ti C, thu duce sin pham gidng voi san phim thu dugc tlr phan img gidta -BuMgBr voi CO2 rdi thy phan. Viet cong thire cdu tao cac chat tir A dén I va gii thich vi sao khi dun nng chat A trong dung dich H2SOs thu dirge chat C. 3. Oxi héa glucoz bing dung dich HNOs & 100°C thu duge sin phim Y chita 41,38%C; 3,45%H va 55,17%O. a) XAc dinh cng thitc cau tao cla Y, biet My = 174 dvC. b) Vé cau dang cla Y Cau IV (2,25 dim) 1. Loai cé nap hom (Ostracian lentiginous) tiét ra chat doc c6 kha nang giét chét cac loai ca khac Chat doc dé co t€n la Pahutoxin, duge tao thanh theo so 4 sau Piridini clorocromat (PCC) A 1. BrCH,COOGHs. Zn p LOH Cc 21,0 2.4.0 ccrycone > , » Ga HOON CH3[CH3}1CH:0H c Pahutoxin (C>3HysNO,Cl) Hay xéc dinh cng thitc céu tao cila Pahutoxin va cae chat tir A dén E trong so 46 tong hop trén 2, Hoan thanh so d6 phan img Cau V (2,25diém) 1. Vao nam 1908, nha héa hoc nguoi Due oy o : Heinrich Biltz da tng hop Phenytoin. Ba muoi LE ve nam sau, Phenytoin duoc sir dung lim thuoe a 7 chéng déng kinh. Duce chat nay duoc sir dung pone 00 hiéu qua dén ngay nay. Buoe dau tién cia qua I" trinh la tang hop chat X. Trude day, ngudi ta sir On a) Phenstoin dung ion xyanua lam chat xite tac. Hién nay chat es 2 xtic téc duge sir dung hiéu qua va khong gay doc la Vitamin B). Hay xéc dinh céu tric cua X va dé at 2 co ché chuyén hoa tir benzandehit thanh X biét X c6 chita 2 vong thom 2. F la dan xuat cia pyrrole, duge str dung dé tong hop benzoporphyrin, Hoan thanh so do tong hop F, biét rng B va C la cac dong phan lap thé ma RSH, yg CHO og . ct KOH” en eonet TFA > e “SL e FBuOK Cy NO> Crntn Cau VIL (3,0 diém) . . 1/ Mot trong nhimng phuong phap higu qua nhat dé tong hop cae a-amino axit vong v6i hai nhom thé 6 vi tri a la dung chuyén vi allyl xyanat thanh isoxyanat theo so dé dudi day:Oe i ee Na noe ARYA 1) CIS0,NCO | 1)(FJCCO20, RAN b HO, i Bu Coty 40. 2)K2COyHZO 2) R,NLi, HBUOH CisHayNOs 1) Oy, CHsCly, -78°C 2) NaOH, HO, S OMP Ligh, ~. i HUo Gary 13) 6 =U, Lh rarer e fo ° CisHaaN Og MtT+NT : X la hop chat hou co dau tién dugc tao thinh tir ce hop chat v6 co, Y la hop chat hiru eo chira ba nguyén to, dung dich nude cia Y theo thoi gian sé tao thanh chat X. W la chat két tinh mau trang, tan duoc trong nue, bi phan hay khi dun nong tao thanh hai khi M va N. Ca hai khi nay déu c mii gat kho chiu, dé tan trong nude, dung dich M cé moi trung kiém, dung dich N c6 méi truong axit. Hoi M nang gap 1,233 Jan hoi N Dung dich N tao két tua mau trang khi phan ting v6i dung dich AgNOs, Xac dinh ede chat X, Y, Z,U,W,M,N. Cau VII (2,75 diém) Dong vat thudng str dung nang luong giai phong ra tir phan ing oxi hoa a thuc an cua chiing dé duy tri ndng d6 cia ATP, ADP va photphat 6 xa trang thai cén Sy bing. Trong héng cau, ngudi ta da xic dinh 5 2 duoc néng dé cac chat nhur sau I C ye =2,25mmol /; | c ),25mmol / I; =1,65mmol/ I; Cau tgo ea ATP! 1, Nang luong tu do duoc dy trit trong ATP co thé duge gidi phong ra theo phuong trinh phan ting sau: ATP* + H20 < ADP* + HPO} > +H AG?’= -30,5 kJ mol! (1) Do pH trong hau hét cac té bao séng rat gan gid tri 7, cdc nha sinh hoa sir dung AG®* thay cho AG® Trang thai chuan cia AG®* duge dinh nghia la gid tri ciia AG & pH khéng déi va bang 7. Vi thé trong céc phuong trinh co AG?" va K’ cho cée phan tng & pH = 7 ngudi ta bo qua néng dé cua ion H’. Hay tinh gid tri AG’ clia phan img (1) trong hdng cau 6 25°C vi pH =7 2. Trong té bao song cé rat nhiéu phin ing déng hod (“anabolic”) xay ra nhung thoat tién ta thay ang chung khOng thuan loi vé nhiét dong hoc vi co AG duong, Photphoryl hod glucozo la mot vi du slucozo + HPO; — glucozo 6-photphat™ +120, AG?=+13,8kJ mol (2) Trang 3/10wUC yin, TINH ney PAO Ta Tinh hang s6 cén bing K' cua phan ting (2) va ti 1é néng 46 gitta glucozo 6-photphat® va glucozo trong hong cau luc can bing hoa hoc xay ra 25°C va pH = 7. . a 3. Dé chuyén dich can bing vé phia 06 néng 46 glucozo 6-photphat™ cao hon phan tng (2) phat xay ra cling voi su thuy phan ATP: glucozo + ATP <*> glucozo 6-photphat™ + ADP* + H” @) . Hay tinh AG va K° ciia (3) va ti 18 néng 46 gitta glucozo 6-photphat™ va glucozo bing bao nhiéu trong hng cau tai thdi diém can bing 6 25°C va pH = 7? . ; . hs 4. Mot ngudi trudng thinh hap thu khoang 8000 kJ nang lugng (AG’) trong 1 ngay tir céc loai thirc an . . a) Trong mot ngay khdi long ATP duoc sin xuat ra bing bao nhiéu gam? Cho rang chi ¢6 mot ntra luong nang lugng noi trén duge ding cho viéc tang hop ATP. Chap nhan AG’ bang -52 kJ.mol “! ding cho phan tng (1) va khdi lugng mol cia ATP bing 503 g/mol . oe b) Khdi long ATP trung binh cé trong co thé ngudi bing bao nhiéu néu cho rang thoi gian ton tai cua ATP tir lic tao ra dén khi bi thuy phan la 1 phut?