IB Chemistry 

Worksheet - Empirical and Molecular Formulas

 
Empirical formula determination
The empirical formula is the simpliest ratio of the numbers of atoms of each element that make a compound. To find the empirical
formula of a compound:
 Divide the amount of each element (either in mass or percentage) by its atomic mass. This calculation gives you moles of
atoms for each element that appears in the formula
 Convert the results to small whole number ratios. Often the ratios are obvious. If they are not divide all of the other quotients
by the smallest quotient
 
Example: Analysis of a certain compound showed that 39.348 grams of it contained 0.883 grams of hydrogen, 10.497 grams of
Carbon, and 27.968 grams of Oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

 First divide the amount by the atomic mass to get the number of moles of each kind of atom in the formula
 
0.883 g
Hydrogen H = 1.01 g mol-1 = 0.874 mol
 
 
10.497 g
Carbon C = 12.01 g mol-1 = 0.874 mol
 
 
27.968 g
Oxygen O = 16.00 g mol-1 = 1.748 mol
 
 Analysis of the ratios shows that the first two are identical and the third is twice the other two. Therefore the ratio of H to C to O is 1
to 1 to 2. The empirical formula is HCO2
 
Molecular formula Determination
To calculate the molecular formula from the empirical formula it is necessary to know the molecular (molar) mass.
 Add up the atomic masses in the empirical formula to get the factor Divide this number into the molecular formula mass. If
the number does not divide evenly you probably have a mistake in the empirical formula or its formula mass
 Multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by the factor to get the molecular formula
 
Example: Suppose the molecular mass of the compound HCO2 is 90.0. Calculate the molecular formula.

 The empirical formula mass of is

1H @ 1.0 = 1.0
1C @ 12.0 = 12.0
2O @ 16.0 = 32.0
      45.0

 Note that 45 is exactly half of the molecular mass of 90. So the formula mass of HCO2 is exactly half of the molecular mass.
Hence the molecular formula is double that of the empirical formula or H2C2O4.

 
Empirical and Molecular Formula Calculations
1.    A certain compound contains 4.0 g of calcium and 7.1 g of chlorine. Is relative molecular mass is 111. Find its empirical
and molecular formulas.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
2.    A certain compound has 25.9% nitrogen and 74.1% oxygen. Its relative molecular mass is 108. Find its empirical and
molecular formula
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.    A certain compound was found to contain 54.0 g of carbon and 10.5 grams of hydrogen Its relative molecular mass is 86.0.
Find the empirical and the molecular formulas.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.    A certain compound was found to contain 26.4 g of carbon, 4.4 grams of hydrogen and 35.2 grams of oxygen. Its relative
molecular mass is 60.0. Find the empirical and the molecular formula.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.    A certain compound was found to contain 78.2 % Boron and 21.8 % hydrogen. Its relative molecular mass is 27.7. Find
the empirical and the molecular formula.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.      A certain compound contains 27.3%Carbon, 4.5 % hydrogen, 36.4% oxygen, and 31.8% nitrogen. Its relative molecular
mass is 176.0. Find its empirical and molecular formulas.