Good morning to each and every one, we are the group 2 and together with Ms Batula

and Ms Bernados we’re going to discuss about the Global Interstate System. But before we
proceed to our discussion. Let’s first identify our learning objectives for today. At the end of this
discussion, we should be able to Define what is Global interstate System, Identify the different
institutions that governs International Relations, Explain global governance in the 21st century
and last is to Explain the effects of globalization on governments.
Before we proceed from our discussion let’s define first what is GLOBALIZATION- in
which na pag-aralan na natin ito from our previous discussion with Sir. So ano nga ba ang
GLOBALIZATION? Refers to the results from the removal of the barrier between national
economies to encourage the flow of goods, services, capital, and labor. So ang globalization na
ito ay nagiging open ang isang bansa into an international trade not only focusing on the
domestic trade but also international trading because our goods or our raw materials are
needed by other nations and vice versa we have these things that we need na pino produce ng
other countries. In simple words GLOBALIZATION is societal phenomenon in which social
barriers are no longer exist and promote the interdependence of different countries or the
alliance of different countries in which it creates an open, borderless world economy. Out of this
globalization lumalabas, Yung idea or tinatawag natin na GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM so
what do we mean by the global interstate system, without further ado let’s begin.
Before I discuss this I just want to emphasize about having our own sovereignity
(supreme power or authority) here in our country the Philippines, we are governed by our own
constitution, kung paano natin i-manage ung country. Ibig sabihin hindi tayo dapat I govern ng
other country kasi meron tayong sariling government and system na sinusunod but when a
particular country having this international relationship with other countries, we have to follow
some certain standards or set of rules na nakapabilang to what we called interstate system. So
what is the GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM? So what do we mean by this?
GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM- It is the whole system of human interaction. The
modern world-system is structured politically as an interstate system- a system of competing
and allying states. Political scientists commonly call this the international system and this is the
focal point of the field of international relations.
All right so this Global Interstate System it explains the effort of different countries and
governments all over the world to have cooperation and collaboration. So from the word itself
INTERSTATE it is the relation of each state when we say INTER kasi it has something to do
with their relationship with each other or with one another. When we say GLOBAL naman
it’s the relationship of countries globally around the world and when we say SYSTEM naman is
meron tayong sinusunod na Sistema or a step by step process, ano ung proseso nayun of
course it’s to attain a certain economic, political, environmental and social goals. So kapag
sinabing GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM- it’s all about the human interaction and efforts of
different countries and governments around the world to have a collaboration or cooperation na
may sinusunod na sistema.
Kaya ang Philippines meron tayong sinusunod na mga batas, mga alituntunin when it
comes to it’s international engagement with other countries for example: Pagdating sa mga
international trading ng Philippines sa ibang countries merong batas na sinusunod, pagdating
sa international market meron ding sinusunod na mga batas. So dito meron tayong policy na
dapat sundin.
 Now may mga institution na na-create o nabuo dito sa tinatawag nating global interstate
system. So itong mga institution na ito they govern or they are the one who are managing the
international relation. One of the institutions is the UNITED NATIONS- ito ay na established
during WW II at ang dating name ng United Nation is The League of Nation noong 1942 at
pinangunahan ito ni US President Franklin Roosevelt. That time magulo ang mundo, the
economy is in shamble, the governance is very problematic and social culture natin is masyado
magulo wala masaydong kaayusan because it is WW 2 at ang nagpasimuno ng WW 2 is Adolf
Hitler which is a german leader that are authoritarian.
Dito mayroong 26 nations that are being represented by their own governments. Nung
year 1942 during WW 2 and this 26 nations they pledge to employ its full military and economic
resource against those members of tripartite and adhere with which such government is at war.
So dahil nung year 1942 is merong gyera which is the worldwar II, so this 26 nation
napagkayarian nila na kapag may war they have to help each other in full resources in military
or economic resources para labanan ung isang gyera.
2nd is this 26 nation also pledge to cooperate with the government signatory and not to
make separate amnesty or peace with the enemies. Since ang enemy kasi na konokonsider dito
before is the AXIS POWER which are Italy, Japan, Germany. The ALLIED POWER are
countries such as UK, U.S , Russia and others na kabilang sa allied forces.
Dahil doon sa mga napag usapang mga pledges, these 26 nations is nakipag-alyansa
sila sa Allied Power to fight against those Axis Power during the WW II. Kaya po nabuo ung
United Nations or it come to existence. So, after that merong nagging 50 countries na nagsama-
sama sa isang conference, yung United Conference on International Organization to officially
make the United Nation Charter.
Next, we have a different institution that governs international relations and these institutions
have regulations, standards that most of the time we follow.
The first institution is the WORLD BANK- so these institution the WORLD BANK ang
kanyang task or role is to provide loans to countries of the world for capital projects. Kapag
sinabi nating capital projects kasi ito yung mga infrastructure projects, paggawa ng mga roads,
highway, hospital, school basta ang priority nito is para doon sa mga itatayong mga projects
that can create more job opportunities and it was established by the UN Monetary and Finance
Conference of the Bretton Woods Conference before and nabuo ang world bank because of this
and dito sa World Bank ang pinapahiram lang nila ng loan ay yung mga nasa 3rd world
countries na hindi pa tinatawag na emegerging market before.
So now sa World Bank group may mga tinawag tayong governing body when it comes to
financial aspects.
One example is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD-
ito ay nag-oofer ng loans sa mga middle income country to develop and improve their economy
so example we have 198 countries in the world and not every country can avail the loans from
IBRD in which nag-po provide lang sila ng loans for the middle income countries para mas
madevelop or mapalago pa nila yung kanilang economy for their people.
2nd is International Development Association or IDA that also provide loans and
grants sa mga countries to boost their economic growth and isa sa mga reason bakit sila nagpo-
provide ng mga loans is to reduce inequalities and improve people living condition or their
standard of living.
Another is International Finance Corporation IFC- they provide loans for private
sectors from developing countries. Example here in Philippine if San Miguel Corporation needs
some funds. Itong IFC they provide loans from this private institutional companies to create a
market that opens up more opportunities for individuals and they create a market that is open
for an opportunity for all.
Next is the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID- this
institution usually administers the majority of all international investment cases. For example
may fraud na nangyari, merong dispute investments na nangyari at ito yung institution that settle
these issues regarding the foreign direct investment. It is usually a forum in which yung mga
international investment treaties ay napag uusapan yung mga lost regarding international
investment and mga investment contracts and laws. So dito sa institution na ito is more on
regulations, more on settlements programs or issues regarding investment and kailangan natin
ang mga institution na ito kasi hindi naman kayang akuin lahat ni World Bank. Kaya merong
mga governing bodies na may iba’t-ibang goals or task na ginagampanan.
Next is International Monetary Fund IMF- this institution ensures the stability of the
international monetary system kailangan maging stable yung currency rates, yung dollar and
ang kaniyang main function is to track global economy itself and those economy of those
member countries. So chine-check nila yung economic growth ng bawat member countries and
they lend countries with balance of payments and difficulties. For example nahihirapan na yung
Philippine magbayad ng loans from the World Bank or sa mga international financial institution
na may loan so this IMF they assist or lend for balance of payment and they also give practical
help sa mga members such as training program in relation to Monetary system
Next is World Trade Organization or WTO- ang specific task nito or its reason for
existence is to regulate is international trade which is more on trading and gumagawa ng mga
agreement and ano yung mga rules when it comes to trading. It deals with the rules of trade
also between nations and among nations. It also ensures na maayos ang flow ng trading and
maayos din yung mga negotiation trade agreement.
So all of these mentioned above are the 6 financial institution or mga institution na
related kay World Bank.
So meron naman tayong mga Specialized Agencies at meron itong mga specific task
example for labor, agriculture, culture etc.
1st is yung Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or FAO- this
agency leads to international effort to defeat hunger in which more siya sa pag reduce ng
poverty specifically na wala nang magugutom. This specific institution na may international
efforts for reducing poverty, helping to eliminate hunger, tatanggalin or irereduce yung food
insecurity and about malnutrition. They also focus on agriculture, forestry and fisheries para
maging mas productive ang mga ito, they also have programs regarding sa livelihood and mga
threats and crises related to poverty.
Next is UNESCO, naririnig niyo ito or stands for United Nation Educational Scientific
and Cultural Organization- This specialize agency ang trabaho nito or ang main task ni
UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration sa
pamamagitan ng cultural reform, collaboration sa educational aspect, kasama din sa UNESCO
yung respect for justice, the rule of law, human rights and yung pinaka focus nito is building
peace through educational scientific and cultural reform yan ang UNESCO.
Next is World Health Organizaion or WHO- ito yung madalas nating marinig ngayong
pandemic ang pinaka goal ng WHO is to build a better and healthier future” all over the world so
ang concern ng World Health Organization is sa public health. Ang concerned nila is to fight
against dangerous diseases such as HIV, Aids but right now ang pinaka major issues or yung
kinokombat na disease is yung COVID-19 . Sa World Health Organization they usually conduct
research in medicines, mga vaccines to eliminate disease or to develop nutritious foods ganyan
ang mga trabaho ng World Health Organization and sila din yung nagcoconduct ng survey
regarding sa world health.
International Maritime Organization or IMO- they are responsible for the safety and
security of shipping demand and prevention of marine pollution by ships. The IMO also sets
standards for the safety and security of international shipping and oversees every aspect of
worldwide shipping regulations, including legal issues and shipping efficiency. The main slogan
ng IMO is—"Safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans." IMO sets policy for
international shipping, discouraging shippers from compromising on safety, security and
environmental performance to address financial concerns, and to encourage innovation and
efficiency. (pagbabago at kahusayan)
Next is United Nations Industrial Development Organization or UNIDO- this agency
promotes industrial development and yung mga industrial development na ito is to reduce
poverty and kasama sa kanila yung globalization and environmental sustainability. More on
pagpapatayo ng mga industrial development. The UNIDO's primary objective is also to promote
and accelerate sustainable industrial development in developing countries and economies in
transition and these Organization works towards improving the quality of life in the world's
poorest countries by drawing on its combined global resources and expertise.
UNWTO or the United Nation World Tourism Organization- ang task nito is the
promotion of sustainable and universally accessible tourism, So in here it promote tourism kaya
ang tourism ay isa sa driver ng economic growth. Sa Philippines ang isa sa contributor ng GDP
natin ay ang turismo. So this organization they are more into development and environmental
sustainability ng isang specific na country. They also offer leadership and supports sa mga
tourism policies worldwide. Yan ang trabaho ng UNTWO
So these are all the governing bodies, different institutions, and specialized agencies
under what we called GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM. Now that we discuss the global
interstate system and it’s different institution that governs international relation. Now let’s move
on to Ms Batula discussion about Global governance in 21st century.