MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS

A project report

submitted to

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY

SAFAPORA, GANDERBAL, KASHMIR

AUGUST 2022

i
 PROJECT ON
AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

This project is carried out in a team collaboration of 7 students guided by Mr. Tawseef Abdullah in
the course of B-Tech, 7th Semester.

The details of the students taking part in this project:

S No. Name Roll Number

1 Khawar Rafiq 180509

2 Nayla Fayaz 180524

3 Sheikh Qalab 180504

4 Umais Mukhtar 180543

5 Zahid Ali 180567

6 Adnan Majeed 180537

7 Junaid ul Islam 180566

ii
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

Contents
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
AIM OF THE PROJECT .............................................................................................................................. 2
SCOPE OF PROJECT ................................................................................................................................. 3
METHODOLOGY AND PROJECT LAYOUT ................................................................................................. 4
RAIN DETECTOR .................................................................................................................................. 4
DRIVER MECHANISM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE WINDOWS: ................................................ 5
OUTCOMES AND FUTURE SCOPE ............................................................................................................ 6
References: ............................................................................................................................................. 7

iii
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM
Now a day’s human comfort has become most significant conscience of engineers. This project is one
step further about human comfort and is aimed to be a widely used product to help enhancing human
comfort by working with great accuracy. The control system is prepared by using motors, sensors (for
detection of start and end of rain), a weight balancing pointer rod and some other necessary objects
needed for successful implementation. Automatic rain sensing window system will prove to be useful
in protecting the house interior from the rain water spoilage. As we know, in the times of heavy rainfall,
it is necessary to close the windows on time, before ample water enters into the house leading to house
hold deterioration. This system consists of mainly two important components, which are rain sensing
unit and a driver mechanism for opening and closing windows. The field of this work is Mechatronics,
which is a combination of mechanical and electronic system. The rain sensing unit here is a pure
mechanical system, used because of its simplicity and economical reasons, which works on the principle
of weight balance [1].

1
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

AIM OF THE PROJECT

Nowadays, due to increased population, large number of stories of a building are built to accommodate
large number of people in a smaller piece of land, which eventually means a large number of rooms and
their windows are to be built. During the times of rain, it becomes cumbersome as well as time
consuming to close that large number of windows. In this time, a lot of rain water can get inside which
can cause numerous problems. To cater all these problems, we can devise an automated system namely,
“Automatic rain sensing window system”. The Main motive of this system is to reduce all this effort
by closing the windows automatically as soon it receives the signal from the rain sensing unit. For
example, in a busy office where all the employees are too busy with their work, if an employee working
at a distance from window suddenly faces rain then what will he do? He might not be intended to go to
near window to close it because it may cause of interruption in his concentration of work. If this system
was implemented there, it could automatically close the window without having any kind of interruption
in his work. The rain sensing unit is designed in such a way that it will close the windows during rain
and automatically open them back once the rain stops. Thus, the post rain effort of opening each and
every window back in a building is also eliminated.

Secondly, in the times when the windows have been left open and there is no person present in the
house, a lot of water due to rain will get lodged inside through windows thereby spoiling the household
and interior because till the time when the person reaches to the spot and closes windows, it will be too
late. This system will eliminate all such issues as even in the absence of people living in the house or
building, it will prevent the rain water from getting inside by closing the windows as soon as the rain
detector detects the rain. This system will provide peace of mind especially in the areas where there are
frequent unexpected rainfalls.

2
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

SCOPE OF PROJECT
The need of Automatic Rain Sensing Window System is almost everywhere. This system finds its
importance in industries, office buildings, educational institutes, hospitals, residential buildings and
houses. If we talk about industries, office buildings etc., which are usually multi-storey buildings, there
is some sort of chaos at the times of heavy rainfall. The problems of rain water getting inside are
common and in some cases, important material can get damaged which is placed in the vicinity of
windows thereby causing problems. Moreover, it causes hindrance to the employees working and also
sometimes people have to leave their important work to close the windows or gather the important
material to prevent from rain water spoilage, which affects the whole working schedule of employees.

Now, if we consider the case of residential buildings and houses, which may also be multi-storey
buildings, bungalows, huts etc., a comparatively large quantity of household or housing items are
present in the vicinity of windows due to space constraints, especially furnishing items such as carpets,
curtains, furniture etc. can get spoiled due to rain water. Although, we try to close the windows manually
one by one but in case of multi-storey building, it will pose problems and become hectic for a people to
close the windows quickly, which in turn will lead to rain water lodging inside the building.

In case, a person is away from his house or during night times, when people are asleep, strong rains can
lodge into the house in large quantity, thereby causing spoilage to a large extent until the person can get
to it and close the windows himself. Furthermore, in houses and residential buildings, windows are
usually made of wood and their exposure to rains leads to their damage as it causes deterioration to the
wood.

Keeping all these consequences in mind, we can understand the importance of having such an automated
system i.e. Automatic Rain Sensing Window System. By employing this system, it will prevent all the
chaos erupted during heavy rainfall which in turn will maintain peace in a working atmosphere,
eliminating the need of this hectic task. After having this system installed, whether people are away
from their homes, or sleeping during night time, there will be a peace of mind as the system will
automatically handle the windows during rains and opens them back once the rain comes to an end.

3
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

METHODOLOGY AND PROJECT LAYOUT

In the successful working of this project, the main two components required are;
1. Rain Detector
2. Driver mechanism for opening and closing windows

RAIN DETECTOR
This is the main sensing unit of the whole project. It works on the principle of weight balance. It
comprises of a rain collector, sliding pointer, counter weight, conducting strips and two switches for
the open and close operations. The diagram for such arrangement is given below:

Figure 1 Rain Detector

Initially, the rain water from the downspout gets collected in the rain collector. The weight on the
collector side gets increased due to which the sliding pointer turns about the hinge and lowers from the
collector side, the circuit at the switch S1 gets closed. This switch is responsible for the closing operation
of windows. This operation is carried out during the upward movement of the counter weight while the
pointer tip is sliding over the cut-off strip. Once the pointer reaches to the top, the tip leaves the cut-off
strip and the circuit is broken marking the completion of window closing operation. The windows will
remain in closed position until the rain stops. Once the rain stops, the level of water present in the
collector starts decreasing as the water is continuously flowing out of the small slit. Once the collector
is empty, the sliding pointer again rotates about the hinge, the collector side goes upwards while as the
counter weight moves downwards, thereby closing the circuit at the switch S2. This switch is
responsible for the opening operation of the windows. This operation lasts until the pointer tip again

4
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

leaves the cut-off strip, after which the circuit is broken and the windows continues to remain in open
state until there are any more rainfalls. This marks the working principle of the rain detector used in
this project.

DRIVER MECHANISM FOR OPENING AND CLOSING THE WINDOWS:

The driver mechanism used here is DC motor based opening and closing of windows. The motor is
connected to both the switches S1 and S2. Switch S1 and S2 rotate the DC motor in opposite directions.
Closing the circuit on switch S1, brings up the window closing operation whereas the switch S2 brings
up the window opening operation. The shaft of the motor will be connected to the frame of the window,
either directly or through gears depending upon the size and weight of the window. While the pointer
tip traverses across the cut-off strip, the motor rotates in clockwise or anticlockwise direction resulting
in the opening and closing operations of windows. The size of the cut-off strip is kept smaller than the
switch conducting strip such that the current flow is stopped and unnecessary flow of current to motors
is prevented which may lead to heating and malfunctioning of DC motors.

The basic elementary diagram of the driver mechanism is shown below:

Figure 2 Motor and frame arrangement

5
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

OUTCOMES AND FUTURE SCOPE

Automatic Rain Sensing Window System will prove to be a revolutionary project and it will change
the way we design our windows. Windows are everywhere, from small godowns to large
commercial buildings, from small huts/ houses to multi-storey residential buildings, and till now
the old traditional method of window manufacturing has been followed. This system will bring the
futuristic smart home concept to a new level. The cases of rain water entering the houses will be all
together tackled. In the emergency situation, like cloud burst along with strong winds, large volume
of rain water enters through the windows, in such cases, quick action is required. This system will
also cater to such instances and there will be no rain water lodging as the closure of windows will
be instant without the need of any operator. Rain water deterioration cases happen mostly during
night time, when people are asleep and the weather condition is out of attention. This project
majorly focuses on making life easier and all such incidents will be handled with care. It will bring
peace to mind and will work even in absence of people at all, whether asleep or away from their
homes.

6
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR
 AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSING WINDOW SYSTEM

References:
[1] Islam, M. A., reza Emon, I., & Hasan, M. Z. (2014). Development of a Control System and Modelling of an
Automatic Window.

7
Department of Mechanical Engineering GCET-KMR