OMAR, PRINCESS MARIZHAR M.
Drug Study (RLE Week 5 -6)
DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTIONS AND
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Brand Name: Ketalar Mechanism of Action
Ketamine, through its NMDA
Generic Name: antagonistic action, works
Ketamine rapidly in controlling symptoms
of depression and acute suicidal
Classifications: ideation.
General Anesthetics,
Systemic It works by inhibiting the action
of NMDA receptor in the central
Route: IV nervous system. This NMDA
(Intravenous) receptors are mostly calcium
ion channels.
Dosage and
Frequency: (Adults):
1-4.5 mg/kg once Adverse Reactions
MAINTENANCE: 0.1- CNS: Emergence reactions,
0.5 mg/min via elevated intracranial pressure
infusion EENT: Diplopia, increased
intraocular pressure, nystagmus
RESP: Laryngospasm,
respiratory depression and
apnea
CV: Hypertension, tachycardia,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
hypotension
GI: Excessive salvation, nausea,
vomiting
DERM: Erythema, rash
LOCAL: Pain at injection site
MS: Increased skeletal muscle
tone
Pre – Operative Medication
INDICATIONS AND
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Indications
It is used in anesthetizing
patient with hypotension and
asthma. For induction of
anesthesia prior to the
administration of other
general anesthetics.
Contraindications
Contraindicated with
patients with:
 High blood pressure
 Hypersensitive
 High intracranial
pressure
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Verify for doctor’s order/prescription.
2. Carefully ready product packaging to note strength of
solution, dosage/route of administration.
3. Check the label of the medication.
4. Observe the 10 Rights of drug administration.
 Right patient
 Right medication
 Right dosage
 Right route
 Right time and frequency
 Right documentation
 Right education and information
 Right to refuse
 Right history and assessment
 Right drug interaction an evaluation.
5. Provide safety measures to prevent injuries to the patient
after waking up on anesthesia.
6. The nurse should monitor for:
 Vital signs
 Respiratory depressions
 Injection site for pain, swelling, and irritation. Report
prolonged injection site reactions.
 Laryngeal spams, including tightness in the throat or
chest, wheezing, and severe shortness of breath.
 Hemodynamic parameters
7. Be alert for signs of emergence reactions including
nightmares, hallucinations, and other changes in mood or
behavior.
8. Report for any signs of adverse reactions.