English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Gathering Information
English for Academic and Professional Purposes – Senior High School
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Gathering Information
First Edition, 2020

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English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Gathering Information
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded
of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will
experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies.
You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
Hello there! Nice to see you again!  How are you doing today? I hope all is
well. We are now in Quarter 2 - Module 6. I’m glad you have made this far.
In this module, we are going to learn about gathering information from
surveys, experiment, and observation. Are you ready?

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. gather information from surveys, experiments, or observations
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-IIe-j-9);
2. identify data gathering methods appropriate for the given topics;
and
3. explain the importance of observing protocols in conducting a
research.

Let Us Try
Activity 1: Deal or No Deal

To check your learned knowledge about the topic, let us try to answer
the activity.
Write DEAL if the statement is correct and NO DEAL if it is not.

______ 1. When conducting a research, always ensure the

confidentiality of participants.
______ 2. Make the questionnaire as brief as possible without
sacrificing the content.
______ 3. Avoid using recording device when conducting an interview.
______ 4. The consent form must be filled out by the participants before
the experiment.
_______5. Ethical consideration is not necessary when implementing an
observation instrument.
_______6. An experiment cannot be replicated.
_______7. An interview allows the researcher to quantitatively gather
data.
_______8. Leading questions must be asked because they guide the
participants into giving specific answer for the research.
______ 9. Survey can be in the form of interview or a questionnaire.
______ 10. A research instrument is used to analyze data.
_______11. Thank the respondents in your survey.
_______12. List the full name of your participants in your final research.
_______13. Make yourself present during experiments.
_______14. Use questions that will elicit subjective responses.
_______15. Begin your interview by asking questions right away.

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 Let Us Study
Activity 2: A Picture that Paints a Thousand Words

Before moving on to our lesson proper, let us look at the pictures

below and answer the questions that follow.

1 2 3
Source: https://images.google.com/

1. Identify the problem or formulate 1 question for each picture shown.

a. Picture 1-_________________________________________________________
b. Picture 2- ________________________________________________________
c. Picture 3- ________________________________________________________

2. How will you find the answers or solutions to the questions or problems
you have formulated?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What method/s of gathering information we can use in these situations?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 1

In the previous lesson, you have learned the different research

instruments such as survey, experiment, and observation. In this lesson,
you are going to learn the data gathering procedures and protocols.

Data gathering procedure is the process of gathering and measuring

information on targeted variables in an established system, which then
enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes.

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Preparing Research Instruments
A research instrument is a tool used to gather data on a specific
topic of interest. When conducting a research, you need to prepare and
implement the appropriate instrument to gather the data you need.
When preparing an instrument, you must ensure that it is valid and
reliable. An instrument is valid when it directly answers or addresses your
research questions. It is reliable when it provides you consistent and stable
data over a period of time.

Types of Instrument
There are different types of instrument that you can use depending on
the type of research and amount of data you need. The following are some of
the most common instruments used in conducting a research.

Survey
 It is a list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a
particular group of people.
 A survey contains planned questions that are used to measure
attitudes, perceptions, and opinions.
 It contains responses directly related to each specific research
question. It can either be in the form of an interview or a
questionnaire.

Source: https://images.google.com/

Interview
An interview is an instrument that allows the researcher to
qualitatively gather data. Responses during an interview are usually open-
ended.

Parts of an Interview Protocol (Creswell, 2007)

1. Basic Information about the Interview
It includes the time and the date of the interview, where the interview
takes place, and who the participants to be interviewed are.
2. Introduction
This provides instructions to the interviewer which will serve as his/her
guide in conducting the session. It is a prerequisite that the interviewer
introduce himself/herself including the objectives of the research.
3. Opening Question
This is about getting to know participants so they will feel at ease.

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 Questions related to their work or activities are good opening questions.
Very personal questions must be avoided.
4. Content Questions
These are sub-questions based on the central phenomenon being studied.
5. Closing Instructions
Thank the interviewee for his/her time.
Source: Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches.

Sample Interview Protocol

Background information on Interviewee
Date:
Location:
Name:

Introduction
Good morning, Mr. Robert Corpuz. My name is Ms. Shilamie Smith and I
am presently conducting research about the issues and challenges faced by
Filipino online teachers in teaching English as a second language. This study
aims to help online ESL teachers achieve their pedagogical goals in a more
effective, creative, and innovative way when using a virtual learning environment.

Opening Question
Tell me something about yourself, Mr. Corpuz.
-Provide spaces for taking notes in case audio will have a problem.
How long have you been teaching online?
-Provide spaces for taking notes in case audio will have a problem.
Content Questions
Tell me about your experiences as an online ESL teacher?
Why do you say so? (Follow-up)
What do you mean by difficult? (probe question)
Can you provide concrete examples?

Closing Instructions
Thank you very much. I would like you to know that I am the only one
who will have access to this audio material and after the research, the content
will be erased. If you wish to have a copy of the abstract of this research, I would
be very willing to send you. Do you have any question?

Source: https://images.google.com/

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Questionnaire
Compared with the interview, a questionnaire is more quantifiable. It
lists written questions to get specific information. Responses in
questionnaires are usually dichotomous and use an identification type of
test. In some cases, open-ended questions are incorporated into the
questionnaire.

Guidelines in Preparing a Questionnaire

1. Introduce the questionnaire through a cover letter. The cover letter
should explain the purpose and relevance of the study, the length of
time in completing the questionnaire, how the data will be processed,
your contact details, and the expected date and time in completing the
questionnaire.
2. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible by focusing only on the
essential questions.
3. Ensure confidentiality of information.
4. Pilot the questionnaire to ensure that you have not missed any
important question.
5. Use a follow-up reminder.
6. Give respondents sufficient time to answer the questionnaire.
7. Make all directions and questions clear and unequivocal; do not use
words with double meanings or complex questions.
8. Ensure that your grammar is correct.
9. Use questions that will elicit objective responses as much as possible.
10. Make the questionnaire as brief as possible without sacrificing content.
11. Arrange and categorize the questions logically (e.g., based on research
questions).
12. Relate all questions to your research topic and make sure the responses
drawn out are sufficient for your analysis.
13. In relation to the previous guidelines, try to make as many questions as
possible without being redundant.
14. Avoid embarrassing, unnecessary questions.
15. Explain and illustrate difficult questions.
16. State all questions affirmatively.
17. Make the respondents anonymous, if necessary.
18. Avoid biased and leading questions.

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 Source: https://images.google.com/

Observation
Observation allows the description of the behavior in a naturalistic or
laboratory setting. Usually, this instrument is used to cross-validate the
results of the instruments.
An observation is most useful when the answer to the research
question requires description of behavior and setting and when respondents
cannot literally answer interview questions and questionnaires for some
valid reasons such as inability to speak and write (e.g., infants).

Guidelines in Conducting an Observation

1. Develop an observation guide or checklist which identifies the
phenomenon you want to understand.
2. Decide on the type of observation that you will use.
3. Know your limitations as an observer.
4. Use a recording device when appropriate.
5. Always bring paper and pen with you to record other details that
cannot be recorded by a video or audio recorder.
6. Never attempt to influence the behavior of your subjects.
7. Always observe ethics when implementing an observation instrument.

Sample Observation Protocol (Creswell, 2007)

Duration of Activity : 60 mins

Descriptive Notes Reflective Notes

General: What are the experiences of

online teachers in teaching virtual
classes?

Start of Observation:7:00AM I wonder if these students always come

The class started on time, but late.
some students logged in late. Can the teacher manage this big
There are more than 20 students class?
in the classroom. I wonder if they are actively listening

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 Some students turn off their video to the teacher or they are doing
something else while the class is going
on.

Source: Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches

Source: https://images.google.com/

Experiment
An experiment is a procedure undertaken scientifically and
systematically to make a discovery and to test the hypothesis.
With an experiment, the researcher is trying to learn something new
about the world, an explanation of 'why' something happens.

The experiment must maintain internal and external validity, or

the results will be useless. When designing an experiment, a researcher
must follow all of the steps of the scientific method, from making sure that
the hypothesis is valid and testable, to using controls and statistical tests.

Guidelines in Conducting an Experiment:

1. Always coordinate with a laboratory technician or supervisor when
doing an experiment.
2. Make yourself present during experiments.
3. Maintain a relaxed and professional atmosphere
4. Clean the experiment venue as you leave.
5. Never coerce any participant in the experiment.
6. Let participants fill out the informed consent form.
7. Ensure everyone’s safety during experiments.
8. Ensure the anonymity of participants.
9. Ensure confidentiality of data gathered.

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 Let Us Practice
Activity 3: Delving Deeper
Keep in mind what you have learned from the lesson. You are about to
delve deeper into the more interesting part of this module. Let us identify
which gathering data instrument is appropriate for the following topics.
Then, support your answer.

1. Facebook and privacy - _________________________________________________

Support:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Modular mode of instructions- __________________________________________

Support:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. COVID-19 and unemployment- _________________________________________

Support:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4: My Interview
When conducting an interview, it is essential to observe protocol. Now,
pretend that you are a qualitative researcher and you are conducting a
study about virtual learning. Make your interview guide following the format
below. Please refer to the sample interview protocol found in the lesson as
your guide.
Interview Protocol
Background information on Interviewee
Date:
Location:
Name:

Introduction

Opening Questions

Content Questions

Closing Instructions

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 Let Us Practice More
Activity 5: My Observation
Some of you are doing modular mode of instruction. Let us find one
student and observe him/her while answering his/her module. Make sure to
pay attention to details. Write your observation using the following format.
Please refer to the sample observation protocol found in the lesson as your
guide.

Duration of Activity :

Descriptive Notes Reflective Notes

General Question:

Let Us Remember
Activity 6: Lesson Takeaways
Before moving on to our next activity, let us write the importance of
gathering data in conducting a research.

What is the importance of

gathering data in conducting
research?

Let Us Assess
Activity 7: Map it Out
At this time, let us see how well you know about gathering
information.

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 Pretend you are a qualitative researcher who is conducting a research
entitled “Issues and Challenges of Online Learners: A Case Study of Senior
High School Students”. Describe your data gathering procedure following the
format below.

Research Title:
Data Gathering Procedure:
(Describe the research instruments you will use and steps you will take in
gathering your data)
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
(You can add more steps if you need to.)
You are graded based on the rubric below:
RUBRIC
Excellent Very good Good Poor Needs
(5pts) (4pts) (3pts) (2pts) Improve-
ment
(1pt)
Content Shows very Shows Enumerat Lacks No details
meaningful meaningful e evidence that provided.
content, content, significan connect to
explanation explanation t points the provided
and relation to and relation related to topic.
the real-world to the real- the topic.
context world
context
Grammar Virtually no Few spelling A number So many Sentence
and spelling, and of spelling, structure is
Mechanics punctuation punctuation spelling punctuation incorrect,
or errors, minor punctuati and grammar is
grammatical grammatical on or grammatical poor, and
errors errors grammati errors that errors in
cal errors interfere with spelling and
the meaning punctuation
abound.
Organiza- Ideas are very Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are No evidence
tion well- focused and slightly loosely of
organized, directed organized organized organization
coherence and of ideas
cohesion are
very evident.
Score
Total Score /15

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Activity 8: Multiple Choice

Read each question carefully and select the appropriate answer

among the options given. Write the letter of your choice on your answer
sheet.
_____1. Which research instrument is most useful when the answer to the
research question requires description of behavior and setting?
a. experiment c. observation
b. interview d. survey
_____2. Which instrument contains planned questions which are used to
measure attitudes, perceptions and opinions.
a. experiment c. observation
b. interview d. survey
_____3. This provides instructions to the interviewer which will serve as
his/her guide in conducting the interview.
a. introduction c. content questions
b. opening question d. closing instructions
_____4. These are the sub-questions based on the central phenomenon being
studied.
a. introduction c. content questions
b. opening question d. closing instructions
_____5. Which of the following shows the validity of the instrument?
a. It provides consistent and stable data over a period of time.
b. It directly answers the research questions.
c. It ensures the confidentiality of information.
d. It provides the same result after several tests.
_____6. Which should be avoided when preparing a questionnaire?
a. Ensure confidentiality of information.
b. Give respondents sufficient time to answer the questionnaire.
c. Use biased and leading questions.
d. Explain and illustrate difficult questions.
_____7. Which should be avoided when conducting an observation?
a. Develop an observation guide.
b. Know your limitation as an observer.
c. Use a recording device when appropriate.
d. Influence the behavior of your subjects.
_____8. The following observes protocol in conducting an experiment EXCEPT:
a. Reveal the name of your participants.
b. Ensure everyone’s safety during experiments.
c. Clean the experiment venue as you leave.
d. Ensure confidentiality of data gathered.
_____9. Which of the following observes correct research practice?
a. Leny’s research is about sanitary practices in the hospitals. In
her questionnaire, she asks about the love life of her
participants.

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 b. Laura listed the full name of her participants in her final
research despite her confidentiality guarantee.
c. To make sure that the data is reliable, Lara conducts her
experiment twice.
d. Zander is chatting about the latest trends with his participants
while the experiment is ongoing.
_____10. Which of the following does NOT observe correct research practice?
a. Harry begins his interview by introducing himself.
b. Lance adjusts his language to his respondents’ when he
interviews them.
c. Laura listed the full name of her participants in her final
research despite her confidentiality guarantee.
d. Trisha records her interview because she has to transcribe the
data gathered.

Let Us Enhance
Activity 9: Interview Questions
You’re doing pretty well! Let us strengthen your understanding about
the topic by answering the following activity.
Choose one research topic below and formulate five (5) interview questions
about it.
1) Homeschooling and its consequences
2) The role of online gaming in the life of a student
3) The experiences of working COVID-19 patients
4) The New Normal in Education

Topic:__________________________________________________________________
Interview Questions:
1.______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________

Let Us Reflect
Activity 10: My Reflections

Reflect on the learning that you gained in this lesson by completing the
phrases below.

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I learned from this topic that…
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I want to say about the lesson…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I found out…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Answer Key

15. No Deal

14. No Deal

13. Deal

12. No Deal

11. Deal 10. c

10. Deal 9. c

Deal 9. 8. a

No Deal 8. 7. d

No Deal 7. 6. c

No Deal 6. 5. b

No Deal 5. 4. c

Deal 4. 3. a

No Deal 3. 2. d

Deal 2. 1. c

Deal 1. Multiple Choice

Let Us Try Let Us Assess

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 References

Buensuceso, Don Don B et al.(2016) Teacher’s Guide for Practical

Research 1. Department of Education- Bureau of Learning
Resources, Pasig City

Barrot, Jesse S. and Sipacio, Philippe John F. (2016). Communicate

Today English for Academic and Professional Purposes for Senior
High School, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Creswell, John W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design:

Choosing Among Five Approaches. United States of America: A
Sage Publication.

Google. Accessed October 15, 2020. https://images.google.com/

Rio, Shilamie C. (2015). Issues and Challenges in Teaching English as a

Second Language: A Case of Filipino Online Teachers. University
of Southeastern Philippines.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665, (082) 221-6147

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph