MODULE 4

Author: Orven Francis G. De Pedro

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Shaine Rita B. Incapas
 MODULE 4

Introduction

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Module aims to engage students in appreciation and critical study
of 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World, en-
compassing their various dimensions, genres, elements, structures,
contexts, and traditions.

This module allows the students to embark on a journey from

Philippine regions to the different parts of the world through various
literary encounters.

Here, the learners will be accompanied by Lito and Letty, the

ship captains of Balangay ( an old name of a Philippine boat). Lito
is a Filipino Ship Captain who is in-charge of the local destinations.
And Letty is a Lady Ship Captain from other country. She is in-
charge of the tour abroad. Lito and Letty assist each other in every
module visit.

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 MODULE 4

Legend

This Self Learning Kit is divided into 27 modules with varied

parts and respective icons:

Gearing Up
(Review)

Testing the Water

( Pre-test)

Leaving the Shore

( Priming Activity)

Rocking the Boat

( Activity Proper)

Plotting the Course

( Analysis)

Keeping Track
( Abstraction)

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 MODULE 4

Legend

Approaching Destination
(Application)

Seeing the Lighthouse

( Reflection)

Dropping the Anchor

( Post Test)

Going Back to the Ocean

( Remediation)

Discovering the Gems

( Answer Key)

Every module targets a specific Learning Competency and

asks learners to perform multiple tasks.

4
 MODULE 4

Hello, dear student, our fellow voyager!

Welcome…

I’m Letty. Are you ready to set sail and

BEGIN your voyage with this module?

I’m Lito
Well, it’s time to GO ABOARD to set
your quest for KNOWLEDGE in motion.
Have FUN!

5
 MODULE 4

Connect with the Module:

Some reminders before cruising:

Use the module with care especially in turning each

page.

Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving

on to the Self-Learning Kit (SLK) Proper.

Read and understand the directions in every exer-

cise.

Observe honesty in answering the tests and exer-

cises and in checking your answers.

Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this

module.

Try to finish the task at hand before proceeding to

the next.

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 MODULE 4

Horizon Overview

Learning Competency:
Appreciate the contributions of canonical Filipino writers to the
development of national literature. (EN12Lit-Ic-24)

The use of this module requires every learner to demonstrate under-

standing of how the analysis of literary devices such as figures of speech
and other techniques in the text can be of help in writing a significant
interpretation of different literary texts. At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:

 familiarize with the different contributions of the Filipino

canonical writers in Philippine Literature;

 make an infographic about the canonical writers and their

contributions to the development of national literature;

 value the contributions of canonical Filipino writers in the

development of Philippine Literature.

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 MODULE 4

Gearing Up

Before we proceed with the content of this

lesson, let’s try to review what you have done in
the previous session. Can you recall a local liter-
ary author and his work? If yes, everything is fresh
in you. Well, you’re right in saying that it would
have something to do with the authors because the
last module has something to do with the local au-
thors and their works. If you fail to recall, I suggest
you go back to the previous lesson and try to re-
fresh the topic. I think everything is set, let’s go and
explore the journey of this module!

Please proceed to answer the pre-test

before continuing on the SLK Proper.

I know you’re excited to read everything

about me but may I request you to read all parts?
They are all equally important. Make sure you
don’t skip any. So are you ready? Let’s begin
your journey!

Let’s do it!

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 MODULE 4

Testing the Waters

DIRECTIONS: Read the given statements carefully and choose the correct

1. He is one of the first contemporary poets and also known for introducing
the reversed consonance rhyme scheme in poetry.
A. Amado V. Hernandez
B. Jose Garcia Villa
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo

2. The writer is known for Rosales Saga. It is a series of novels that are set
from the Spanish colonial period to the proclamation of Martial Law in the
1970s.
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Jose Garcia Villa
C. Amado V. Hernandez
D. Nick Joaquin

3. The writer has the Poetry Collections like Likhang Dila, Likhang
Diwa (1993) and Balaybay: Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang (2002)
Spanish Period
A. Bienvenido S. Lumbera
B. Jose Garcia Villa
C. Francisco Sionil Jose
D. Nick Joaquin

4. The writer incorporated humor as a literary device which aims to

make the audience or readers laugh or be amused.
A. Bienvenido S. Lumbera
B. Jose Garcia Villa
C. Francisco Sionil Jose
D. Alejandro R. Roces

5. The writer was known for his/her moral profoundness. One of his/her re-
markable short stories, "The Black Monkey," won third prize in the Carlos
Palanca Memorial Award.
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Jose Garcia Villa
C. Edith L. Tiempo
D. Alejandro R. Roces
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 MODULE 4

That’s it! You’re done with the initial

activity which is the Pre-Test. This time you
will be needing your focus and analysis to do
the succeeding activities. So, what are you
waiting for? Let’s go and enjoy!

Let’s Navigate

This time dear student, you will be

officially starting your journey with us!
Ready your notes and memory for I’m
sure you will have a great experience!

Well said Lito! That’s right! Always be

guided with us and always follow our
instructions too in every task. I know you’re
excited! So what are you waiting for? Let’s
go and enjoy!

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 MODULE 4

To start our journey, Journey

I want you
Guide
to read the dialogue between Caloy
and Luis for you to answer the
succeeding activities. Have fun!

Two friends, Caloy, 16, and Luis, 17,were overheard talking.

Their conversation went this way:

Caloy: Do you know any good Filipino story?

Luis: I know some but I don’t know whether that’s good or bad!
Caloy: Can you tell me how it goes?
Luis: The story is about a seventeen year old boy named
Dodong who wants to marry Teang, and they did. To cut it short,
they have many regrets in life! They have many what ifs.
Caloy: I want to read that! What’s the title and who’s the author?
Luis: That I don’t know, what I know would be that part!
Caloy: That’s sad!
Luis: Anyway, just forget about stories and let’s play online
games.

11
 MODULE 4

Priming Activity

TASK 1 Did Luis show his appreciation to literature?

DIRECTIONS: Answer the question posted on the title of the activity and
explain your answer. Write them down on the graphic organizer provided.

YES NO Why/ Why Not?

When it comes to
story

When it comes to
the author

Task 2 Am I like Luis? Why or Why not?

DIRECTIONS: Explain whether you are like Luis or not. Write your
answer on the space provided below.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

APPRECIATING LITERATURE

Did Luis show his appreciation to literature? Some might say yes
and some might say no. For some, appreciating literature would be just
knowing the content but for others appreciation would be beyond deeper
from that. It would be about not just knowing but understanding the story
and having full grasp of it to the point of knowing its author and its title. In
this case, Luis should have recalled its title or if not, the writer instead to
impart it to Caloy. Thus, knowing the writer and his work would be a
better way of appreciating the Filipino writers and even the Philippine
Literature.
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 MODULE 4

At this point, let’s us try to see how far you

know about literature through picture
Journey Guide
acquaintance and work recognition of some
Filipino writers. Let’s go!

Task 1 Who am I?
DIRECTIONS: Look at the set of pictures of Filipino authors. Name them
by choosing the letter of your choice.

A. Amado V. Hernandez D. Virgilio S. Almario

B. Jose Garcia Villa E. Alejandro F. Roces
C. Francisco Arcella F. Cirilo F. Bautista

Okay! You’ve done it! Let’s have

some more activities!
Oh! It seems you have a hard time
recalling them…
Let’s move to more challenging tasks.

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 MODULE 4

Task 2 Flashback of my identity!

DIRECTIONS: Look at the lines/ characters/ title that can be associated

with the Filipino writers. Identify who can be associated with them.

1. Dodong, Teang, Blas A. Amado V. Hernandez

2. Mga Ibong Mandaragit B. Carlos P. Romullo
3. The Woman Who had Two Navel C. Nick Joaquin
4. I am a Filipino… D. Jose Garcia Villa
5. Lina E. Cirilio F. Baustista

I hope by now you are starting to recall our

writers!

Task 3 Guess the writer!

The next activity will have

something to do with the canonical
writer’s output. Look how beautiful the
poem is and be able to appreciate this
through your reading. After you did
reading, that’s the time that you have to
guess the writer. I’m very sure that you
will be curious about the writer because
of the poem. Start reading now and
have fun!

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 MODULE 4

The Return

If the dead years could shake their skinny legs and run
As once he had circled this house in thirty counts,
he would go thru this door among those old friends and they
would not shun
Him and the tales he would tell, tales that would
bear more than the spare
Testimony of willed wit and his grey hairs.

And he would live in the whispers and locked heads.

Wheeling around and around turning back was where he
started:
The turn to the pasture, a swift streak under a boy’s running;
The swing, up a few times and he had all the earth he wanted;
The tower trees, and not so tall as he had imagined;
The rocking chair on the porch, you pushed it and it started
rocking,
Rocking, and abruptly stopped. He, too, stopped in the
doorway, chagrined.
He would go among them but he would not tell, he could be
smart,
He, an old man cracking the bones of his embarrassment
apart.

Did you guess it right? I know you are

becoming more acquainted now with the writers
and their works.
Let me give you something about the author,
here’s the trivia.

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 MODULE 4

Trivia

Did you know that?

The about poem is written by one of the canonical writers in the Phil-
ippines. She is Edith L. Tiempo (1999) is a Filipino writer in English.
She is a poet, fictionist, teacher, and a literary critic. She is the only fe-
male national artist in literature. She was known for using intricate and
witty representations to portray significant human experiences.

Some of her well-known poems are The Return, a poem that

describes the characteristics of old age, Lament for the Littlest Fellow, a
poem that presents a metaphor to describe the plight of a submissive wife
under her domineering husband, and Bonsai, a poem that gives a look
at how tangible objects could be keepers of memories and emotions. As a
fictionist, she was known for her moral profoundness. One of her
remarkable short stories, The Black Monkey, won third prize in the Carlos
Palanca Memorial Award. The Black Monkey, which is set during the
time when guerrillas were fighting against the Japanese during World War
II, narrates the tormenting encounter of a woman with a monkey. She also
wrote the novel A Blade of Fern, which depicts the problems of Filipino
miners of Nibucal in southern Philippines. She was awarded as the Na-
tional Artist for Literature in 1999.

Let’s learn more…

This time friends, let’s deepen our
understanding about canonical writers and
their contributions to Philippine Literature. Let’s
absorb everything about them because they
contributed to the literature that we have now!
Let’s know more about them! Let’s go!

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 MODULE 4

Keeping Track

Canonical Filipino Writers and their Contributions

Filipinos are passionate when it comes to literature. Many

Filipinos are able to show their artistry especially in terms of literature. In
addition, here are the Filipino writers and their contributions to
literature specifically the development of national literature.

 “one of the first contemporary poets regardless of race or lan-

guage”
 Known for introducing the reversed consonance rhyme scheme in
poetry. According to Villa, in this method, the last sounded conso-
nants of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word,
are reversed for the corresponding rhyme. (e. g. light – tile, tall, tale,
etc.)
 Dove, Eagle, and Lion (Doveglion)
 He was born on August 5, 1908 in Manila.
 He was named as the National Artist for Literature in 1973.
 He gained both local and international recognition for his works.
 A recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship.
 During his college years, he wrote Man Songs, a collection of con-
troversial poems that was considered too bold by the University of
the Philippines and became the ground for his suspension from the
said institution.
 Some of his well-known literary works are Mir-i-nisa (won in the
Philippines Free Press in 1929), and Footnote to Youth (published
in 1933).
 He is also known for his comma poems, where he employed a com-
ma after every word.
 He died on July 7, 1997.
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 MODULE 4

 Born on September 13, 1903 in Hogonoy Bulacan

 a.k.a. Amante Hernani, Herminia dela Riva, Julio Abril
 Poet, playwright, novelist
 Philippine National Artist 1973
 Committed artist “Writer’s function is to act as the conscience of
society and to affirm the greatness of the human spirit in the face of
inequity and oppression.”
 Labor leader
 Began his writing career, as a journalist and later editor of various pre-
World War II Tagalog newspapers, like Watawat, Pagkakaisa,
Makabayan, Sampaguita and Mabuhay Extra
 He was imprisoned in 1951 for alleged subversive activities.
 After being imprisoned for 5 years, he returned to journalistic practice,
a columnist for Taliba (1962-1967), editor, Ang Masa, until his death,
1970.
 Wrote Mga Ibong Mandaragit while in prison, first Filipino socio-
political novel that exposes the ills of the society as evident in the
agrarian problems of the 50’s
 Also wrote Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang Langit, Luha ng Buwaya,
Amado V. Hernandez: Tudla at Tudling: Katipunan ng mga Nalatha-
lang Tula” (1921-1970), Langaw sa Isang Basong Gatas, Magkabilang
Mukha ng Isang Bagol.
 Died on May 24, 1970
 His famous literary Work is Luha ng Buwaya.

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 MODULE 4

 Born on May 4, 1917, Paco, Manila

 Poet, fictionist, essayist, biographer, playwright
 Pen name: Quijano de Manila
 Philippine National Artist 1976
 “Before 1521, we could have been anything and everything not Filipi-
no; after 1565, we can be nothing but Filipino.” –Culture and History,
1988
 Regarded by many as the most distinguished Filipino writer in Eng-
lish writing
 Starting as a proofreader for the Philippines Free Press, Joaquin
rose to contributing editor and essayist
 Bienvenido Lumbera writes that his significance in Philippine litera-
ture involves his exploration of the Philippine colonial past under
Spain and his probing into psychology of social changes (Doña Je-
ronima, Candido’s Apocalypse and The Order of Melchizedek)
 Wrote The Woman Who had Two Navel, (1961) which examines his
country’s various heritages
 A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966), a celebrated play, attempts
to reconcile historical events with dynamic change
 Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young (1990) non-fiction, The
Ballad of the Five Battles (1981) a poetry, Rizal in Saga, Almanac
for Manileños, Cave and Shadows (1983) occurs in the period of
martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
 Died on April 29, 2004

 Born on January 14, 1898 in Intramuros, Manila and grew up in

Camiling, Tarlac.
 He was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 1982.
 Wrote 18 books
 First Asian who served as the president of the United Nations Gen-
eral Assembly.

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 MODULE 4

 I am a Filipino is one of the many essays written by Carlos P.

Romulo. It was published in The Philippines Herald in August 1941.
 He also wrote the book entitled I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, in
which he narrated his personal experiences as an aide-de-camp to
General Douglas MacArthur in Corregidor.
 followed by, I See the Philippines Rise, (a sequel to I Saw the Fall of
the Philippines) a journalistic account of the Philippine War in 1944.
 Mother America: A Living Story of Democracy, a discussion of his
political ideals about American democracy in the Philippines,
 I Walked with Heroes, his autobiography.
 He died on December 15, 1985.

 Writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, teacher

 A Filipino teacher and a contemporary writer
 One of the prominent Filipino fictionists in English
 Poignant short stories
 The Flowers of May, The Mats, How to Read
 The Flowers of May, The Mats, Christmas Gift were adapted as
screenplays.
 Pioneer the development of the short story as lyrical prose-poetic
form
 Pride of fiction is that it is able to render truth, that is able to present
reality.
 Some of his well-known literary works are the short stories Frankie,
The Man Who would be Poe, Death in a Factory, A Clown
Remembers, Lina
 Known for innovating and exploring new literary forms and
experimenting with different techniques in short story writing.
 A member of the group The Veronicans, which was composed of
influential Filipino writers who aimed to use sensible literature in or-
der to create a greater impact on the Philippines.

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 MODULE 4

 Widely known as F. Sionil Jose, was born on December 3, 1924 in

Rosales, Pangasinan.
 His life and most of his works are influenced by Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
 He edited various literary and journalistic publications, and he founded
the Philippine PEN, an organization of poets, playwrights, and
novelists.
 He opened Solidaridad Publishing House in 1965. A year after, he
founded Solidarity, a magazine that produces content mainly focused
on "current affairs, ideas, and the arts."
 He was a recipient of numerous awards. Some of which are the
Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative
Communications in 1980, the Pablo Neruda Centennial Award in
2004, and the Officer in the French Order of Arts and Letters in 2014.
 He was conferred as National Artist for Literature in 2001.
 F. Sionil Jose’s are generally written in English and are translated to
more than twenty languages and produced worldwide.
 Among his most celebrated works is the Rosales Saga. It is a series of
novels that are set from the Spanish colonial period to the proclama-
tion of Martial Law in the 1970s. This saga includes the following
novels: Po-on, Tree, The Pretenders, Mass, and My Brother, My
Executioner.
 He has also written several short stories, including the notable The
God Stealer. It is a story about the friendship of Philip Latak, an
Ifugao, and Sam Christie, an American who wanted to buy a bulol, a
sculpture of an Ifugao god. The story depicts the relationship and
truths about the colonizer and the colony.
 Waywaya: Eleven Filipino Short Stories is a compilation of short
stories about pre-Hispanic Philippine society.
 In 2004, he published the children’s book The Molave and Other
Children’s Stories.
 F. Sionil Jose is among the most widely read Filipino writers in English
whose novels and short stories depict a wide scope of social
underpinnings and struggles of the Filipino masses. He is the country’s
most influential living writer who employs realism through his narrative
techniques and styles.

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 MODULE 4

 Poetic, literary historian critic

 Children books
 12 books of poetry
 Makinasyon at Peregrinasyon, Doktrina ng Anak Pawis, Mga Retrato at
Rekwerdo, Muli, Sa Kandungan ng Lupa
 popularly known by his pen name Rio Alma, is a Filipino artist known
for his poetry and literary criticism. He was proclaimed National Artist
for Literature in 2003.
 Almario, together with poets Rogelio Mangahas and Lamberto E. Anto-
nio, pioneered the second modernist movement in Filipino poetry. In his
own words, he defines modernist poetry as sparing, suggestive, and
restrained in emotion; its vocabulary and subject are immersed in the
now. Among his poetry collections are Makinasyon at Ilang Tula (1968),
his very first collection; Peregrinasyon at Iba Pang Tula (1970), which
won first prize in poetry in the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards; Dok-
trinang Anakpawis (1979); Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo (1984); and Muli
Sa Kandungan ng Lupa (1994).
 Almario’s earliest works of literary criticism were published in the Dawn,
the weekly organ of the University of the East. Some of those works
were later included in Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina (1982), now
considered as the first book of literary criticism in Filipino. His other criti-
cal works include Taludtod at Talinghaga (1965), which tackles the tra-
ditional Tagalog prosody; and Balagtasismo Versus Modernismo
(1984), in which he presents the two main directions of the Tagalog Po-
etry.
 Almario performed significant deeds in the field of Philippine literature.
He founded the Galian sa Arte at Tula (GAT) with the other poets Teo
Antonio and Mike Bigornia in 1970; and the Linangan sa Imahen, Re-
torika, at Anyo (LIRA), an organization of poets who write in Filipino, in
1985. From 1986 to 1992, he served as chairman of the Unyon ng mga
Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL), considered to be the biggest umbrella
organization of writers. From 1998 to 2001, he served as executive di-
rector of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). In
2013 he became the chairman of the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino
(KWF).

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 MODULE 4

 Alejandro R. Roces was a Filipino literary writer. He was born on July

13, 1924.
 He was a playwright, an essayist, and a short story writer. He was
also a columnist at the Philippine Star, the Manila Times, and the Ma-
nila Chronicle.
 Alejandro R. Roces was known for his short story "We Filipinos Are
Mild Drinkers," a story about an American soldier in the Philippines
who brags about his drinking habits, but becomes overly drunk after
drinking lambanog offered by a Filipino farmer.
 His other literary works are "My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken," a story
which talks about two brothers who were arguing whether the chicken
they caught was a hen or a rooster; Something to Crow About, the
first Filipino zarzuela in English about a man named Kiko who earns a
living by means of cockfighting; and Fiesta, a collection of essays
about various Philippine festivals.
 Alejandro R. Roces was conferred as National Artist for Literature in
2003.
 He died on May 23, 2011.

 Was called Beny when he was a young boy, was born in Lipa,
Batangas on April 11, 1932. His parents had passed away before he
turned five.
 Lumbera took a degree in journalism at the University of Santo To-
mas in 1950 and graduated cum laude in 1954. A year before his
graduation, his first published work, the poem Frigid Moon,
appeared in the Sunday magazine of the Manila Chronicle.

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 MODULE 4

 Lumbera writes in English and Filipino. Below are some of his

works.
 Poetry Collections
 Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa (1993)
 Balaybay: Mga Tulang Lunot at Manibalang (2002)
 Critical Works
 Abot Tanaw: Sulyap at Suri sa Nagbabagong Kultura at
Lipunan (1987)
 Writing the Nation/Pag-Akda ng Bansa (2000)
 Tagalog Poetry, 1570–1898: Tradition and Influences in Its
Development (2001)
 Librettos
 Tales of the Manuvu (1977)
 Rama Hari (1980)
 Sa Sariling Bayan: Apat na Dulang May Musika (2003)
 Lumbera has received numerous awards for his work. The most
notable ones were the Special Prize from the Palanca Awards for
his poetry collection Sunog sa Lipa at Iba Pang Tula in 1975, the
Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative
Communication Arts in 1993, and the Philippine Centennial Liter-
ary Prize for Drama in 1998.
 Lumbera received the title of National Artist for Literature in 2006.

 a poet, fictionist, essayist, critic and writer of nonfiction, taught crea-

tive writing and literature
 was awarded an honorary degree—the only Filipino to have been so
honored there (International Writing Program at the University of Io-
wa (1968–1969))
 received Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards (for poetry, fiction and
essay in English and Filipino) as well as Philippines Free Press
Awards for Fiction, Manila Critics' Circle National Book Awards,
Gawad Balagtas from the Unyon ng mga Manunulat ng Pilipinas, the
Pablo Roman Prize for the Novel, and the highest accolades from
the City of Manila, Quezon City and Iligan City

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 MODULE 4

 His poems have appeared in major literary journals, papers, and

magazines in the Philippines and in anthologies published in the
United States, Japan, the Netherlands, China, Romania, Hong
Kong, Germany and Malaysia.
 Summer Suns (1963), Words and Battlefields (1998), The Trilogy
of Saint Lazarus (2001),
 Fiction: Stories (1990), Galaw ng Asoge (2003)
 Literary Theory and Cultural Studies: Breaking Signs (1990),
Words And Battlefields: A Theoria On The Poem (1998), The Es-
trella D. Alfon Anthology Vol. I - Short Stories (2000)

Wooh…Now you know their

works and contributions! Truly we
are lucky to have these National
Artists for Literature! Oops, I know
you’re thinking how to be great like
them? Here’s how to be one them!

EXCERPT OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST

Order of National Artist Logo

The Order of National Artist (ONA) [Orden ng Pambansang Alagad

ng Sining] is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals
who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine
arts. The Order of National Artist aims to recognize:
a) Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultur-
al heritage of the country;
b) Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote
creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural
identity; and
c) Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge
new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artists.

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 MODULE 4

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION The Order of National Artist shall

be given to artists who have met the following criteria:
4.1 Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomina-
tion and at the awarding, as well as those who died after the establish-
ment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their
death.
4.2 Artists who through the content and form of their works have
contributed in building a Filipino sense of nationhood.
4.3 Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or
style, thus, earning distinction and making an impact on succeeding
generations of artists.
4.4 Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of
works and/or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art
form thus, enriching artistic expression or style.
4.5 Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:
4.5.1. Prestigious national and/or international recognition,
such as the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award,
and NCCA Haraya Awards (Alab and Dangal)
4.5.2 Critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works
4.5.3 Respect and esteem from peers

Source: ONA Guidelines Approved on April 27, 2017 NCCA Board of Commissioners
Meeting

Oh…I read your mind! It’s difficult

to be one! Truly those in the list are
passionate on their craft! But who
knows? Maybe you could be one of
them in the future. For the meantime
let’s see how far you understood the
lesson.

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 MODULE 4

Approaching Destination

Task 1 Organize Us.

DIRECTIONS: Make an infographic of the canonical Filipino writers and
their contribution to Philippine Literature. An example is provided for you

Note: Please use the space provided for your own graphic organizer.

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Task 2 Search for Rio!

DIRECTIONS: Search on the contribution of Rio Alma in the Philippine

Poetry. Write your discoveries in the box provided. Explain the
significance of the discoveries and explain how they contribute to the
Philippine literature specifically in poetry. Limit your answers to two
paragraphs only.

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Task 3 Literary Devices Please!

DIRECTIONS: Read the poem below and identify the literary devices
used by the author as his contributions to Philippine Literature.

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 MODULE 4

A Eulogy of Roaches
by Bienvenido Lumbera

Blessed are the cockroaches. They settle where they wish

In this country they are
the citizens who last.
They need no police
to promulgate their peace
because they tolerate
each other’s smell or greed.
Friends to dark and filth,
they do not choose their meat.
Although they neither sow
nor reap, a daily feast
is laid for them in rooms
and kitchens of their pick.
The roaches do not spin,
and neither do they weave.
But note the russet coat
the sluggards wear: clothed
at birth, roaches require
no roachy charity.
and have no rent to pay.
Eviction is a word
quite meaningless to them
who do not have to own
their dingy crack of wall.
Not knowing dearth or taxes,
they increase and multiply.
Survival is assured
even the jobless roach;
his opportunities
pile up where garbage grows.
Dying is brief and cheap
and thus cannot affright.
A whiff of toxic mist,
an agile heel, a stick
—the swift descent of pain
is also final death.
Their annals may be short,
but when the simple poor
have starved to simple death,
roaches still circulate
in cupboards of the rich,
the strong, the wise, the dead.

Write here please!

What are the literary devices that you see in the poem? How do you think
those literary devices contribute to the Philippine Literature?
1. In stanza 2?
2. In stanza 4?
3. In stanza 6?
How do you think they contribute to the Philippine Literature?
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 MODULE 4

Seeing the Lighthouse

Write at least 250-word reflection using the given questions as guide.

How do you think the canonical writers help in developing our national lit-
erature? How do you envision Philippine Literature without them? Cite
examples that will prove your answer.
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After having thorough

discussion, I think you are ready
now to take the test! This time let’s
have your final test! This will
determine whether you’ve gone
through me or not. I hope you get
high score here !

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 MODULE 4

Dropping the Anchor

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully and choose the best answer.

1. This writer performed significant deeds in the field of Philippine litera-

ture. He founded the Galian sa Arte at Tula (GAT) with the other poets
Teo Antonio and Mike Bigornia in 1970.
A. Amado V. Hernandez
B. Virgilio S.Almario
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo
2. His novels and short stories depict a wide scope of social underpinnings
and struggles of the Filipino masses. He is the country’s most influen-
tial living writer who employs realism through his narrative techniques
and styles.
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Virgilio S.Almario
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo
3. He pioneered the development of the short story as lyrical prose-poetic
form
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Francisco Arcellana
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo
4. The writer has one of the great contributions to Philippine literature not
only because the work shows one’s love for his country and freedom
but also of being proud as a Filipino.
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Francisco Arcellana
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo
5. He is regarded by many as the most distinguished Filipino writer in
English writing.
A. Francisco Sionil Jose
B. Francisco Arcellana
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Carlos P. Romulo

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 MODULE 4

Let’s Remember This ...

You have come to this point with us.

You have done several tasks that develop
you understanding of the lesson. Don’t forget
the canonical writers of the country and their
contributions to the national literature. Truly
we should be proud of them and even with
our own literature. The task now is for you to
read their sample works for you to appreciate
them more. See how beautiful and how rich
our own literature
I hope you’ll recommend me to your
fellow readers. Thanks for paying time with
me. See you soon…

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 MODULE 4

Discovering the Gems

Answers can be found at the last page of this module.

The interpretation below will help you determining your readiness to face
the new lesson.
Key to Correction

PRE-TEST POST-TEST

1. A 1. B
2. A 2. A
3. A
3. B
4. D
4. D
5. C
5. C

Task 1 and Task 2: Your answers here may vary.

Appreciating Literature

Task 1: 1. E
2. C
3. A
4. F
5. D

Task 2: Answers may vary.

Application:

Task 2: Answers may vary

Task 3: 1. Imagery,
2. Juxtaposition
3. Analogy

Reflection: Answers may vary

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 MODULE 4

Photo links:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/govph/29594156556
https://aaww.org/four-poems-jose-garcia-villa/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-
of-the-philippines/amado-v-hernandez/
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/74757.Nick_Joaqu_n
https://fyi09.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/philippines-role-in-modern-israel/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-
of-the-philippines/francisco-arcellana/
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/252268.F_Sionil_Jos_
http://santostyron.blogspot.com/2016/02/rio-alma.html
https://geekyenglish.wordpress.com/2013/10/29/in-focus-alejandro-r-
roces/
https://literaturapoetry.wordpress.com/2014/03/18/sadness/
https://literaturapoetry.wordpress.com/2014/03/18/pedagogic/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Artist_of_the_Philippines

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