JAC CLASS 11 TH TERM 2 MARKING SCHEME

SCIENCE VISION
Section A (Students will Answer Any five questions out of seven)
1. State Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
Ans.

2. Write on difference between ‘g’ and ‘G’

Ans.

3. Write the types of stress.

Ans.
4. Why rain drops are spherical in shape?

Ans. Raindrops take up the spherical shape due to the surface tension of water which is caused due to the   tendency 
of water molecules to stick together. The spherical shape is having the least possible surface area due to which it can
resist any of the external force in the atmosphere.

5. What is the difference between isothermal and adiabatic process?

Ans

Difference Between Isothermal and Adiabatic process

Isothermal Adiabatic

Transfer of heat occurs No Transfer of heat occurs

The pressure is more at a given volume The pressure is less at a given volume

The temperature remains constant The temperature changes due to internal system variations.

Heat can be added or released to the system There is no addition of heat nor heat is released because
just to keep the same temperature maintaining constant temperature doesn’t matter here.

The transformation is slow The transformation is fast

6. Give an example of periodic motion which is not oscillatory.

Ans. Uniform Circular motion

7. Define transverse wave motion.

Ans Oscillations where particles are displaced perpendicular to the wave direction is called transverse wave.

Section B (Students will Answer Any five questions out of seven)

8. a) Write expression for gravitational force acting between two masses m 1 and m2 separated by distance ‘r’.

Ans. F=Gm1 m2 / r2

b) Write Two Characteristics of Gravitational Force.

Ans. 1. It is always attractive.

  2. It is the weakest of the four basic forces in nature.

  3. Its range is infinite. 

4. Structure of the universe is governed by this force.

9. a) Draw stress verses strain curve.

Ans.

b) Mark clearly yield point and breaking point.

10. Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a liquid drop.

Ans Suppose that ABC is a half drop of a liquid, whose radius is r and surface tension is T. On the molecules of liquid
towards the part, the cohesive force F1 would be downwards.
Thus, the pressure inside the drop is  more than the pressure outside the drop.

11. a)What is a simple pendulum ?

Ans. an ideal pendulum consisting of a point mass suspended by a weightless inextensible perfectly flexible thread
and free to vibrate without friction —distinguished from physical pendulum is called simple pendulum.

b) Write an expression for time period of a simple pendulum.

Ans.
c) What is the effective length of a second pendulum?

Ans.

12. Obtain an expression for work done during an isothermal process.

13. i) Define the terms

a) specific heat capacity

ans. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance per unit
of mass. The specific heat capacity of a material is a physical property. It is also an example of an extensive property
since its value is proportional to the size of the system being examined.

b) Latent heat capacity

Latent heat can be defined as energy in hidden form which is supplied or extracted to change the state of a substance
without changing its temperature.

2) Write principle of calorimetry.

Ans according to this law  the total heat lost by the hot body is equal to the total heat gained by the cold body.

14.

(a) What is its amplitude?

Ans. 3.0 cm

b) What is its frequency?

c)What is the initial phase at the origin?

Ans. π/4

Section C (Students will Answer Any Three questions out of five)

. 15. Write relation between

a) Frequency and time period

1
ans f=
T

b)Wavelength and propagation constant.

c) Wavelength, frequency and wave velocity

c
Ans f=
ƛ

d) Angular frequency and frequency

 1
ans. =
2 πf

e) Angular frequency, propagation constant and Wave velocity

ans. v=kω

16. a)State and prove Bernoulli’s principle

b) Write an application of Bernoulli’s principle.
Blowing off roofs during wind storm
(i) In olden days, the roofs of the huts or bouses were designed with a slope.
(ii) One Important scientific reason is that sa per the Bernoulli's principle, it will be safeguarded except roof during
storm or cyclone.
(iii) During cyclonic condiion, the roof is blown off without damaging the other parts of the house.
(iv) In accordance with the Bernoull's principle, the high wind blowing over the roof creates a low-pressure P1P1.
(v) The pressure under the roof P2P2 is greater. Therefore, this pressure difference (P2−P1)P2-P1) creates an up
thrust and the roof is blown off.
(b) Aerofoil lift
(i) The wings of an airplane (aerofoil) are so designed that its upper surface is more curved than the lower surface and
the front edge is broader than the real adge.
(ii) As the aircraft moves, the air moves faster above the aerofoil than at the bottom.
(iii) According to Bernoulli's Principle, the pressure of air below is greater than above, which cerates an upthrust called
the dynamic lift to the aircraft

17. a) Define gravitational potential.

The gravitational potential at a point in the gravitational field of a body is defined as the amount of work done in
displacing a body of unit mass from infinity to that point in the field.

b) Derive an
expression for
gravitational potential
of a mass.
18. Derive an expression for a) displacement b) velocity of an object describing simple harmonic motion(SHM)

19. a) Define molar specific heat capacity

Molar heat capacity or molar specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature
of 1 mole of a substance. In SI units, molar heat capacity (symbol: cn) is the amount of heat in joules required to raise
1 mole of a substance 1 Kelvin.

b) State first law of thermodynamics

ans. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that heat is a form of energy, and thermodynamic
processes are therefore subject to the principle of conservation of energy. This means that heat
energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can, however, be transferred from one location to another
and converted to and from other forms of energy.

c) Derive relation Cp – Cv = R

ans

Set 2

1. Why there is no atmosphere on the moon?

Ans.
2. Obtain dimensional formula of G.

3. Which is more elastic, steel or rubber? Why?

Ans The strain produced in rubber is much larger compared to that in steel. This means that steel has a larger value
of Young's modulus of elasticity and hence, steel has more elasticity than rubber.

4. Define coefficient of viscosity.

Ans.The ratio of the shearing stress to the velocity gradient of the fluid is called the
coefficient of viscosity η.
5. Calculate the temperature which has same numeral value on Celsius and Fahrenheit
scale.
Ans.

6. What is the phase difference between velocity and displacement of particle executing S.H.M.?

Ans.
7. Write one difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave.

Section B (Students will Answer any five questions out of seven)

8. What are Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?

Ans.
9. a) Define stress.

Ans. Stress is a physical quantity that defines force per unit area applied to a material
b) Define strain.
Ans It is the ratio of change in dimension of a body to the original dimension of the
same body before the deforming force was applied on it. It is the physical quantity that
quantifies the deformation of an object.
c) Distinguish between elasticity and plasticity

Elasticity Plasticity

Elasticity is the property of the solid material by virtue of which it tends Plasticity is the property of the solid
to regain its shape after the removal of external load. material by virtue of which it tends to
retain its deformed shape even after the
removal of external load.

In elastic deformation, although atoms of the solid are displaced from In plastic deformation, atoms of the solid
their original lattice site, they return back to their original position once are permanently displaced from their
external loading is removed. So atoms are temporarily displaced. original lattice site. They retain the new
position even after the removal of external
 loading.

Amount of elastic deformation is very small. Amount of plastic deformation is quite

large.

External force required for elastic deformation of solid is quite small. Force required for plastic deformation is
also higher.

Hooke’s Law of elasticity is applicable within this elastic region. Hooke’s Law is not applicable if the
material is plastically deformed.

Most solid materials display a linear stress-strain behavior within this Stress-strain curve is non-linear in plastic
elastic region. region.

Energy absorbed by the material during elastic deformation is called Total energy absorbed by the material
module of resilience. during elastic and plastic deformation
region is called module of toughness.

Elastic deformation occurs prior to plastic deformation. Plastic deformation occurs only after it is
elastically deformed.

Mechanical and metallurgical properties of the solid material remain Many properties of the solid material
unaltered when it is elastically deformed. change considerably for plastic
deformation.

10. What is Strokes’ law? Derive Strokes’ law by dimensional analysis method.

Stokes law is the mathematical equation that expresses

Ans.

the drag force resisting the fall of small spherical particles

through a fluid medium.
11. Derive an expression for time period of simple pendulum.

Ans. Given in set 1

12. Why Cp>Cv ? Prove that Cp - Cv = R, for an ideal gas.

Ans. Given in set 1

13. State and explain first law of thermodynamics. Discuss its use in isothermal and adiabatic

processes?

Ans. Given in set 1

14. Define principle of superposition of waves.

Ans. The superposition principle, also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net
response at a given place and time caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been
caused by each stimulus individually.

Section C (Students will Answer Any Three questions out of five)

15. A displacement wave is represented by y =5 sin (500t+50z)

a). Deduce The direction of travel of the wave b) Wave frequency c) c) Wavelength d) The wave speed e) e)
Maximum particle velocity

16. a) Define streamlined flow.

Ans. Streamline
flow (also called flow) is a type of flow of fluid in which fluid in
which travels in regular paths. In streamline flow, the velocity, pressure and
other such properties remain constant in fluid at each point
b) b) Obtain an equation of continuity for a flow of fluid on the basis of
conservation of mass.
 17. a) Discuss variation of ‘g’ with depth. b) Discuss variation of ‘g’ with height.

Ans.

18. Derive an expression for kinetic and potential energy for a particle executing S.H.M. Show that total energy
in

S.H.M. remain constant. Show it graphically.

 Ans.

19. Define different types of coefficients of thermal expansion. Derive relation among them.

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to a change
in temperature.[1]

Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is
heated, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases. Thus, the molecules begin vibrating/moving more and usually
maintain a greater average separation. Materials which contract with increasing temperature are unusual; this effect is
limited in size, and only occurs within limited temperature ranges (see examples below). The relative expansion (also
called strain) divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and
generally varies with temperature.
There three types of thermal expansion:

1. Linear thermal expansion

2. Areal thermal expansion

3. Volume thermal expansion.

Linear thermal expansion

When heat is applied on a body, its length expands proportional to the original
length or the change in temperature in the body.
Area Thermal Expansion
When heat is applied on a body, its area expands proportional to the original
area or the change in temperature in the body.
Volume Thermal Expansion
When heat is applied on a body, its volume expands proportional to the
original volume or the change in temperature in the body.
 Set 3

Section-a

1.