Introduction To Nursing Theory: Mvc-Son Theoretical Foundations in Nursing First Semester 2021-2022

INTRODUCTION to
NURSING THEORY
MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

Nursing
• varied as people who practice it.
• dynamic and diverse as a
kaleidoscope of ethnic, cultural and
Introduction religious manifestations of the
to Nursing people who receive nursing care.
Theory • is important that it should be
grounded on accepted scientific
truths and principles in order to give
safe and quality nursing care

Nursing
• - is a unique profession on its own.

• It has its own unique wealth of knowledge to rely
on.

Nursing Acts
• are geared towards
Introduction
to Nursing
realizing and restoring the
Theory patient’s biopsychospiritual
well-being and assisting
the client to live a dignified
and normal life.
• Much of the knowledge of the nursing arts has
persisted because of the perseverance of the
individuals who continuously seek to advance the
nursing profession.

THEORY
• It is the unique theories and perspectives used by a

discipline that distinguishes it from other
disciplines
• Theories of s discipline
 Clarify basic assumptions and values
 Define the nature and purposes of practice
THEORY
• Streubert-Speziale & Carpenter (2003)- A
systematic explanation of an event in which
constructs and concepts are identified and
relationships are proposed and predictions made.
• Chinn & Kramer (2004)- Creative and rigorous
structuring of ideas that project a tentative,
purposeful and systematic view of phenomena

THEORY
• Young, Taylor & Renpenning (2001)- is a set of

interpretative assumptions, principles, or
propositions that help explain or guide action.
• Dickoff & James (1968)- is invented rather than

discovered.

THEORY
• A system of interrelated propositions used to
predict, explain, understand, and control a part of
the empirical worId.
• Is the foundation for the art and science of
nursing.
• Helps explain an event by defining ideas or
concepts, explaining relationships among the
concepts and predicting outcomes
THEORY

• Nurses develop theories by explaining the
relationship among variable by testing the theory
through research and applying it in practice.

• This motivation for scientific inquiry also persisted
because it has a lot of improvements in the
quality of life of man, has satisfied human needs
for creativity, a sense of order, and the desire to
understand and appreciate the unknown.

• Each discipline has a unique focus for knowledge
development that directs its inquiry and
distinguishes it from other fields of study.(Smith &
Liehr, 2008).
• Theory-guided, evidence-based practice is the

hallmark of any professional discipline.

• Nursing is both a Science and an Art.
• The Science of Nursing is based on data obtained

from current Research.
• The Art of Nursing stands from a nurse’ experience

and the unique caring relationship that a nurse
develops with a patient.
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHODS
1. observation
2. gathering information/data
3. forming hypothesis
4. experimental investigation
5. conclusion or theoretical explanation

KNOWLEDGE
• Information, skills and expertise acquired by a
person through various life experiences, or
through formal/informal learning, such as
formal education, self study, vocational
• Abstract or workable understanding of a subject
or idea
• Facts and information or awareness or
familiarity gained experienced of a fact or
situation
KNOWLEDGE- types of cognitive process
• Perception- achieving understanding of sensory data
• Association- combining 2 or more concepts/ideas to
form a new concept, or for comparison
• Learning- acquiring experience, skills, information and
values
• Reasoning- mental process of seeking conclusions
through reason
• Communication- transferring data from sender to
receiver using different mediums or tools of
communication
• Traditional –practices which are
passed down from generation to
generation
SOURCES OF • Authoritative- idea by a person of

authority expertise.
KNOWLEDGE
Eg. CI, nurse supervisor
• Scientific – gained from scientific
method which is perceived as true
because of his/her through research.
ideas were tested, measured
systematically using objective criteria
Types of knowledge
• Traditional and authoritative-practical to
implement
• Scientific – systematic and accurate
-theories it creates are less
subjective than knowledge gained
by other methods
Nursing Theory
• Group of interrelated concepts developed from various studies of
disciplines and related experiences
• Is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or
propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines
and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing
specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing the nursing
care
• Is the term given to the body of knowledge that is used to support
nursing practice.
Nursing Theory
• It is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing

• Is a framework designed to organize knowledge and explain
phenomena in nursing at a more concrete and specific level.
• Enhance communication and accountability for nursing care
• Helps to identify the focus, means and goals of nursing
practice

Importance of Theory in Nursing
• Identify certain standards for nursing practice

• Identify settings in which nursing practice should occur
• Identify distinctive nursing processes to be used
• Direct the delivery of nursing services
• Serve as the basis for clinical information systems
• Direct quality assurance programs
Components of a Theory
• Phenomenon Concepts Definitions
• Concepts
• Definitions Phenomenon
Theoretical/conceptual
Operational
• Assumptions Assumptions or
Propositions

PHENOMENON
• Sets of empirical data or experiences that can be
physically observed or tangible such as crying or
grimacing when in pain.
• Concerned with how a person reacts using human
senses concerning their surrounding and assessing
the different behaviors and factors that affect such
behavior
• Aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or
experienced
CONCEPT
• a mental idea /mental images of a phenomenon
• are the building blocks (the primary elements) of a
theory.
• are the words or phrases that identify, define and
establish structure and boundaries for ideas generated
about a particular phenomenon.
• abstract elements of a phenomenon necessary to
understand it
Types of Concepts
1. Abstract concept – indirectly observed or
intangible. Independent of time and place.
Ex. Love, care, freedom
2. Concrete concept – directly observed or
tangible.
Ex. Mother, nurse, pain
- Can be used in making or formulating a conceptual or
operational definition
DEFINITIONS
• Convey the general meaning of a concept

• Theorists use definition to communicate the
general meaning of concepts of a theory.

DEFINITIONS
Theoretical/ Conceptual Operational Definition
Definition
• Simply define a particular
concept • State how concepts are
• Meaning of a word based on measured
how a theory or relevant • Meaning of a word is based on
literature perceives it to be. the method on how it was
measured or how the person
Ex. Roles/concepts of nurse, come up with that perception
patient care and environment

ASSUMPTIONS
• Statements that describe concepts

• A statement that specifies the relationship or
connection of factual concepts or phenomena.
(e.g. all patients who are not able to take good care of themselves need nurses)
• Statements that explain the nature of the concepts,
definitions, purpose, relationships and structure of a
theory
• Beliefs about the phenomena that are accepted as true.
Stages of Theory Development In Nursing
Subsequent to Nightingale, almost a century passed

before other nursing scholars attempted the development
of philosophical and theoretical works to describe and
define nursing and to guide nursing practice.

Perceived View Received View
• Also referred to as interpretive
view • Denotes that individuals learn
• Centers on description derived by being told or receiving
from collective lived experiences knowledge
interrelatedness, human
interpretation, and learned
reality

Descriptive theories – Factor- Isolating Theories-
first level of theory development. They identify and describe major
concepts of phenomena, but don’t explain relationship of the concepts
Explanatory – Factor Relating Theories –

examines how properties relate and thus affects the discipline
Classifications
of Nursing Predictive – Situation- Relating Theories-
Theories to calculate relationships between properties and how they occur
Prescriptive theories – Situation Producing Theories- identify

under which conditions relationships occur. Deals with nursing
actions and test validity and certainty of a specific nursing
intervention
What is a Domain?
• The view or perspective of the discipline

• It contains the subject, central concepts, values
and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and the
central problems of the discipline

The Domain of Nursing
• The domain is the perspective or territory of a

profession or discipline
• The domain of nursing gives nurses a comprehensive
perspective that allows you to identify and treat
patients’ health care needs in all healthcare settings
How Does Domain Relate to Nursing Theory?
• Nursing has identified its domain in a paradigm

that includes four linkages (person/client, health,
environment, nursing)

Paradigm
• Is a pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a

discipline
• It links the concepts, theories, beliefs, values and
assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline
• A model that explains the linkages of science, philosophy,
and theory accepted and applied by the discipline

NURSING PARADIGM
• Nursing Paradigms- are patterns or models

used to show clear relationship among
existing theoretical works in nursing.

Person –
recipient of
nursing care
like
individuals,
families and
communities.

Health –
holistic level of
wellness
that the
person
experiences

Environment
– external
and internal
aspects of life
that influence
the person

Nursing –
interventions of
the nurse
rendering care in
support of, or in
cooperation with
the client

Reference:
1. Alligood, M.R., (2018).Nursing Theorists & Their Work (9th Ed.). St. Louis: Mosby-Elsevier.
2. George, J.B., (2014). Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice (6th Ed.).London, England. Pearson
Educational Ltd.
3. McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2014). Theoretical basis for nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
4. McKenna, M. P., Pajnkihar,M., Murphy, F.A. (Eds.) (2014). Fundamentals of Nursing Models, Theories and Practice (2nd Ed).
Wiley Blackwell
5. Morse, J.M. (2017). Analyzing and Conceptualizing the Theoretical Foundations of Nursing. New York. Springer Publishing
Company
6. Smith, M.C. & Parker, M. (2014). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (4th Ed.). Philadelphia. F.A. Davis Company
7. Smith, M.J., & Liehr, P.R. (Eds). (2018). Middle Range Theory for Nursing (4th Ed.). New York. Springer Publishing Company

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INTRODUCTION to

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• - is a unique profession on its own.

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• It is the unique theories and perspectives used by a

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Young, Taylor & Renpenning (2001)- is a set of

• Dickoff & James (1968)- is invented rather than

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Theory-guided, evidence-based practice is the

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• The Science of Nursing is based on data obtained

• The Art of Nursing stands from a nurse’ experience

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

SOURCES OF • Authoritative- idea by a person of

• It is a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Identify certain standards for nursing practice

• Phenomenon Concepts Definitions

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Convey the general meaning of a concept

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Statements that describe concepts

Subsequent to Nightingale, almost a century passed

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

Explanatory – Factor Relating Theories –

Prescriptive theories – Situation Producing Theories- identify

• The view or perspective of the discipline

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• The domain is the perspective or territory of a

• Nursing has identified its domain in a paradigm

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Is a pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

• Nursing Paradigms- are patterns or models

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

MVC-SON THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS IN NURSING FIRST SEMESTER 2021-2022

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