https://www.electricaltechnology.

org/2020/09/series-parallel-and-series-parallel-connection-of-solar-

𝑉_𝑜𝑐=𝑉𝑜𝑐_1+𝑉𝑜𝑐_2+…+𝑉_𝑜𝑐𝑁

𝑉_𝑜𝑐=𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑛−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝐼𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒

𝐿𝑒𝑡:

𝑉_𝑀=𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒

𝐼_𝑀=𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛,

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀

𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆:

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃_𝑀 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑃_𝑀𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑁𝑥𝑃_𝑀
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃_𝑀 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑃_𝑀𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑁𝑥𝑃_𝑀

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
lel-connection-of-solar-panels.html

𝑊𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉

𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀𝐴 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀

𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑.

𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒

𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀𝐴 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀𝐴

𝑉_𝑂𝐶 𝑃𝑊𝑀 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑇𝑅𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐸𝑅𝑆

𝑉_𝑀 𝑀𝑃𝑃𝑇 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑇𝑅𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐸𝑅𝑆

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:

𝐴 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 2𝑀𝑊 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟, 𝐼𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖
𝑇ℎ𝑒 2𝑀𝑊 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 600𝑉 𝑡𝑜 900𝑉

𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝

𝑜𝑓 800𝑉. 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠;

𝑉_𝑂𝐶=35𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=29𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=7.2𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6.4𝐴
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=800𝑉

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥𝐼_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀=(29𝑉)(6.4𝐴)
𝑃_𝑀=185.6𝑊

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=800V

𝑁=𝑉_𝑀𝐴/𝑉_𝑀 =800𝑉/29𝑉=27.58

𝑁=28
 𝑁=28

𝑅𝑒−𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 𝑉_𝑀𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉_𝑂𝐶𝐴=𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝑁=(29𝑉)(28)
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=812𝑉

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦,

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=(28)(185.6𝑊)

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=5,196.8 𝑊
 𝑴𝑰𝑺𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑪𝑯 𝑰𝑵 𝑺𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑬𝑺−𝑪𝑶
𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠.
𝑡𝑜 900𝑉 Table 1
MODULE
A
𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 B
𝑟𝑎𝑦. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒
C
TOTAL

Table 2
MODULE
A
B
C
TOTAL

𝐼𝑓 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼_𝑀=4.1 𝐴.

𝐵𝑢𝑡, 𝐼𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜

𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠−𝑐𝑜
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔.
𝑉_𝑂𝐶𝐴=𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒.

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜

𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟.
𝑰𝑵 𝑺𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑬𝑺−𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑵𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑬𝑫 𝑷𝑽 𝑴𝑶𝑫𝑼𝑳𝑬𝑺

Vm Im Pm
16 4.1 65.6
15.5 4.1 63.55
15.3 4.1 62.73
46.8 4.1 191.88

Vm Im Pm
16 4.1 65.6
15.5 3.2 49.6
15.3 4.1 62.73
46.8 3.2 177.93

𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼_𝑀=4.1𝐴

𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐴, 𝐵, & 𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒
𝐼_𝑀=4.1 𝐴.

𝑏𝑙𝑒 2 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠−𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔.
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟.
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝐼_𝑀 𝑎𝑛

〖𝐼 _𝑀 〗 _𝑇=𝐼_(𝑀_1 )+𝐼_(𝑀_2 )+𝐼_(𝑀_3 )+…+𝐼_(𝑀_𝑛 )

𝐼_𝑀=𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

〖𝐼 _𝑆𝐶 〗 _𝑇=𝐼_( 〖𝑆𝐶〗 _1 )+𝐼_( 〖𝑆𝐶〗 _2 )+𝐼_( 〖𝑆𝐶〗 _3 )+…+𝐼_( 〖𝑆𝐶〗 _𝑛 )

𝐼_𝑆𝐶=𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑇𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙,

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛. 𝑊𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.

𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡=𝐼_𝑆𝐶𝐴

𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡=𝐼_𝑀𝐴

𝐼_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙. 𝐼𝑓 𝑃_𝑀 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑖𝑠,

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
 𝑊𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ

𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 14𝑉. 𝑇ℎ

𝑤𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝐼_𝑀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼_𝑠𝑐

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

+…+𝐼_( 〖𝑆𝐶〗 _𝑛 )

𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙,
𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦.
𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠.

𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡=𝐼_𝑀𝐴
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠:
𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑠,

𝑅𝑒−𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡.,

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀𝐴 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀𝐴

𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼_𝑀𝐴 𝑜𝑓 40𝐴.
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 14𝑉. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑠;

𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀=(14𝑉)(6𝐴)
𝑃_𝑀=84 𝑊

𝐼_𝑀𝐴=40𝐴
𝐼_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
 𝐼_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀

𝑁=𝐼_𝑀𝐴/𝐼_𝑀
=40𝐴/6𝐴=6.667

𝑁=7

𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 ,𝐼_𝑀𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼_𝑆𝐶𝐴=𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒.

𝐼_𝑀𝐴=7 𝑥 6
𝐼_𝑀𝐴=42 𝐴

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=7 𝑥 84𝑊

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=588𝑊
 𝑴𝑰𝑺𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑪𝑯 𝑰𝑵 𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑨𝑳𝑳𝑬𝑳−𝑪𝑶𝑵𝑵𝑬𝑪𝑻𝑬𝑫 𝑷𝑽 𝑴𝑶𝑫𝑼𝑳𝑬𝑺

𝐼𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚
𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙−𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐼𝑛 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚
𝐼𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙−𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙−𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑜
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠.

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑠
𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑑.

𝐼_𝑆𝐶=5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=4.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=5.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=5.2𝐴

𝑽 𝑴𝑶𝑫𝑼𝑳𝑬𝑺

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚.

𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠.
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚.
𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠.

𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒

𝑠𝑠.

𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠.

𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝐼_𝑆𝐶=5.2𝐴
 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑃𝐴𝑁𝐸𝐿 𝐼𝑁 𝑆𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆

+ −
+
−
+
−
+

𝐼_1=𝐼_2=𝐼_3=𝐼_4=…=𝐼_𝑛
𝑉_1+𝑉_2+𝑉_3+𝑉_4+…+𝑉_𝑛

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸:

𝐴. 𝑂𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝐵. 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐶𝐼𝑅𝐶𝑈𝐼𝑇 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑃𝑇𝑆

𝑉_1
≈ 𝑉_1+𝑉_2

𝑉_2
 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖

𝑉_1 𝑉_2 ≈ 𝑉_1=𝑉_2

𝐼_1+𝐼_2+𝐼_3+…+𝐼_𝑛

𝑉_1=𝑉_2=𝑉_3=𝑉_4=…=𝑉_𝑛

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2013/05/a-complete-note-on-solar-panel.html
 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒
−
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑔
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦

𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑩𝑪=𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚:

ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑉_1+𝑉_2
++++++++++
𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡.

𝑉_1=𝑉_2

𝐵𝐶=𝑖𝑇
𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
12𝑉 𝑆𝑌

𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙, 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦.

𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑔 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠.
𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠
𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙

𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚:

++++++++++
𝐵𝐶_1+𝐵𝐶_2+…+𝐵𝐶_𝑛
 ++++++++++
𝐵𝐶_1=𝐵𝐶_2=…=𝐵𝐶_𝑛

𝐵𝐶=𝑖𝑇
12𝑉 𝑆𝑌𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑀 𝑆𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆 𝑃𝑉 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿
𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝐵𝐴𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆
 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑃𝐴𝑁𝐸𝐿 𝐼𝑁 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿

+ + + +

− −
− −

𝑉_1=𝑉_2=𝑉_3=𝑉_4=…=𝑉_𝑛

𝐼_1+𝐼_2+𝐼_3+…+𝐼_𝑛

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸:

𝐴. 𝑂𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑝 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝐵. 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒

𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐶𝐼𝑅𝐶𝑈𝐼𝑇 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑃𝑇𝑆
𝐼_1 𝐼_2
≈ 𝐼_1+𝐼_2

𝐼_1

≈ 𝐼_1=𝐼_2

𝐼_2
 𝐼_1=2𝐴

𝐾𝐶𝐿 𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸:

𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑩𝑪=𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄

𝐼_1+𝐼_2

𝐼_1=𝐼_2
𝐴 𝐼_2=5𝐴

𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝐼_𝑖𝑛≠𝐼_𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑇𝐸:

𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠.

𝑩𝑪=𝑩𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚:
 𝐵𝐶_1+𝐵𝐶_2+…+𝐵𝐶_𝑛

++++++++++
𝐵𝐶_1=𝐵𝐶_2=…=𝐵𝐶_𝑛

𝐵𝐶=𝑖𝑇
12𝑉 𝑆𝑌𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑀 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝑃𝑉 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑃𝐴𝑅
𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝐵𝐴𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆
𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑈𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐻𝑂𝑈𝑆𝐸 𝐻𝑂𝐿𝐷 𝑃𝑂𝑊𝐸𝑅 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷
𝐼. 𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝑃𝑂𝑊𝐸𝑅 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷

ITEM POWER
A 25 WATTS
B 65 WATTS
C 70 WATTS
D 7 WATTS
TOTAL 167

P= 800 WATTS

𝐼𝐼. 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺

𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 25% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

167 25% 42
42

𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸

INVERTER 209
209WATTS

select the inverter size to support power load of your appliances

𝐼𝐼𝐼. 𝐵𝐴𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅𝑌 𝐶𝐴𝑃𝐴𝐶𝐼𝑇𝑌

BATTERY VOLTAGE 24 V
CAPACITY 100 AH
BATTERY CAPACITY 2400 Wh

𝑂𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐴𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸
t 14.37126 hours
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵𝐶 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/mppt-solar-charge-control
 𝐼𝑉. 𝑅𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝐶𝑈𝑅

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟

𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑉. 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸 𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝑇𝐻

𝑇=(𝐴𝐻 (𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)

𝑉𝐼. 𝐿𝐼𝑁𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆𝐸𝑆

𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝

40% 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟
/mppt-solar-charge-controllers
 𝑉𝐼𝐼. 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑃𝐴
𝑈𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐷 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝐶𝑈𝑅𝑅𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝐵𝐴𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆

ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 1/10 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐴𝐻

BATTERY CAPACITY 100

100 AH

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

I 10

10 Ampere

𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸 𝐹𝑂𝑅 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐵𝐴𝑇𝑇𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆

𝐴𝐻 (𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦))/(𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡)

𝐵𝐶=𝑖𝑇
T 10 hrs (𝐼𝐷𝐸𝐴𝐿 𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸)

𝐼𝑁𝐸 𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆𝐸𝑆

𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
40% 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔.

Battery Capacity 100

line losses 40/100 40%
TOTAL 40
ADDITIONAL BC 140 required BC
T 11.66667 hrs (12 Amperes with losses)
𝑉𝐼𝐼. 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝑃𝐴𝑁𝐸𝐿 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺 (𝑃𝑉 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺)

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸1. 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑=𝑂𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑃𝑂𝑊𝐸𝑅 𝐹𝑂𝑅𝑀𝑈𝐿𝐴

++++++++++
𝑃=𝑉𝐼

P 24 V
Charging Current 10 A
240 WATTS

240 W

𝑉𝐼𝐼. 𝑆𝑂𝐿𝐴𝑅 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐸 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑇𝑅𝑂𝐿𝐿𝐸𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
++++++++++ 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙
𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐼𝑠𝑐) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖
++++++++++
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=𝐼_𝑆𝐶 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 (𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿)
𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠.
𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑦 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦.

𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑏𝑦 1.3
𝑦 (𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿) 𝑥 1.3
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴

𝑃=100𝑊 𝑃=100𝑊
 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_1 ) 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_2 )

+ −

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 1. 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐴𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝐶𝑂

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_1 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_2 )

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=
𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=6.5𝐴+6.5𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=13𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(

 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=13𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇1 )+𝐼

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=13𝐴+

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=26𝐴

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=26𝐴 ∗1.3
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=33.8𝐴

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=40𝐴

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 40𝐴 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒.
𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 2. 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐴𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑆𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑁𝐸

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇1 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=13𝐴=13𝐴

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=13𝐴∗1.3
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=16.9𝐴

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=20𝐴

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 20𝐴 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒.
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴

𝑃=100𝑊 𝑃=100𝑊
 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_3 ) 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_4 )

+ −

𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁𝑆 (BY PAIR ONLY)

𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_3 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_4 )

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀
𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=6.5𝐴+6.5𝐴
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=
𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=13𝐴
 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=
𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=13𝐴

𝐶_𝑇1 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) ) 𝑃_𝑀=𝑉

𝑃_𝑀=
)=13𝐴+13𝐴
𝑃_𝑀=
)=26𝐴
𝑃_𝑀=
𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.3
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=336𝑊

𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝐸𝑆 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁𝑆 (𝐵𝑌 𝑃𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝑂𝑁𝐿𝑌)

)=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) ) 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀_12 )+𝑉_(𝑀_

13𝐴=13𝐴 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉+14𝑉

𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.3 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=28𝑉

𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

 A

_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀_12 )=𝑉_(𝑀_34 )

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉
 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀=(14𝑉)(6𝐴)
𝑃_𝑀=(14𝑉)(6𝐴)

𝑃_𝑀=84𝑊

𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
36𝑊
 )+𝑉_(𝑀_34 )
𝑉+14𝑉
B
A 𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_

𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=26
𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=
𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
B 𝑀𝑎𝑥=𝑃_𝑀𝐴/𝑉=336𝑊/12𝑉

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥=

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=28
𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=35𝐴

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=40𝐴
𝐶𝐴𝐵
=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.25 C
𝐾𝐸𝑅=26𝐴 ∗1.25
𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=32.5𝐴
𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=35𝐴

2𝑉

𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥=28𝐴

𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=28𝐴 ∗1.25
𝑒𝑟=35𝐴

𝑘𝑒𝑟=40𝐴
𝐶𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸 𝐿𝑈𝐺𝑆

C
 C

𝐵𝐶_1+𝐵𝐶_2+…+𝐵𝐶

𝐵𝐶_𝑇=100𝐴𝐻+100

𝐵𝐶_𝑇=300𝐴𝐻
𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺
𝐼=𝑃/𝑉
𝑃=𝑉𝐼

𝐹𝑜𝑟 12𝑉 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚:

𝐼=1000𝑊/12𝑉

𝐼=83.33𝐴

𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼 ∗1.25
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=83.33𝐴 ∗1.25
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=104.2𝐴
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=105𝐴
𝑆𝑅𝑁𝐸 60𝐴 𝑆𝑃𝐸𝐶
…+𝐵𝐶_𝑛

+100𝐴𝐻+100𝐴𝐻
𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺

𝐹𝑜𝑟 24𝑉 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚:

𝐼=1000𝑊/24𝑉

𝐼=41.667 𝐴
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼 ∗1.25
∗1.25 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=41.667 ∗1.2
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=52𝐴
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=55𝐴
𝑆𝑃𝐸𝐶𝑆
67 ∗1.25
1000𝑊 𝐼𝑁𝑉
220𝑉 𝐴𝐶
"When you're installing
"and your equipment. If
" ground your solar syst
𝑊 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅
𝐴𝐶
alling a solar panel system, i
ent. If you experience a large
r system could result in dam
tem, it is extremely importa
a large amount of lightening
n damages to your product.
portant to ground your sola
ening storms in your area, fa
duct. "
r solar arrays "
rea, failure to"
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴

𝑃=100𝑊 𝑃=100𝑊
 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_1 ) 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_2 )

+ −

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 1. 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐴𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑃

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_1 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=6.5𝐴+6.5𝐴

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=13𝐴
 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_1 ) )=13𝐴

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=𝐼

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=2
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=33

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=40

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑣

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 40𝐴 𝑡𝑦𝑝
𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 2. 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐿𝐸𝑆 𝐴𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑆𝐸

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=1
𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=1

𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=2

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝐶𝐶 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 20𝐴 𝑡𝑦
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴

=100𝑊 𝑃=100𝑊 𝑃=100𝑊

∗∗∗
(𝑆𝐶_2 ) 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_3 ) 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_4 )

+ −

𝐴𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑃𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐸𝐿 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁𝑆 (BY PAIR ONLY/

1 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_2 )
𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_3 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_4 )
5𝐴+6.5𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=6.5𝐴+6.5𝐴

=13𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=13𝐴

=13𝐴 𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )=13𝐴

𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇1 )+𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) )

𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=13𝐴+13𝐴

_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=26𝐴

𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.3
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=
𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=26𝐴 ∗1.3
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=
𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=33.8𝐴

𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=40𝐴

𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝑡 40𝐴 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒.
𝑅𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑆𝐸𝑅𝐼𝐸𝑆 𝐶𝑂𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁𝑆 (𝐵𝑌 𝑃𝐴𝐼𝑅 𝑂𝑁𝐿𝑌/𝑠𝑎𝑚

𝐿 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇1 )=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_(𝑇_2 ) ) 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀

𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 )=13𝐴=13𝐴 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=

𝑍𝐸=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.3 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=

𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=13𝐴∗1.3
𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=16.9𝐴

𝐶 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸=20𝐴

𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝑒𝑐𝑡 20𝐴 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒.
𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑀=14𝑉
𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝑀=6𝐴

100𝑊
𝑆𝐶_4 )

AIR ONLY/sample)

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀_12 )=𝑉_(𝑀_34 )

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉
 𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉

𝑃_𝑀=𝑉_𝑀 𝑥 𝐼_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀=(14𝑉)(6𝐴)
𝑃_𝑀=(14𝑉)(6𝐴)

𝑃_𝑀=84𝑊

𝑃_𝑀𝐴=𝑁 𝑥 𝑃_𝑀
𝑃_𝑀𝐴=336𝑊
𝑂𝑁𝐿𝑌/𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒)

𝑀𝐴=𝑉_(𝑀_12 )+𝑉_(𝑀_34 )
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑉+14𝑉

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=28𝑉
A 𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸

𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸
𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵
𝑃𝑉~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛
B 𝑀𝑎𝑥=𝑃_𝑀𝐴/𝑉=336𝑊

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑢𝑟

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟
𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒

𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑦 𝐵𝑟
B

12𝑉
𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 ) ∗1.25

𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=26𝐴 ∗1.25
𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=32.5𝐴
~𝑆𝐶𝐶~𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=35𝐴

𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑉=336𝑊/12𝑉

𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥=28𝐴

𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=28𝐴 ∗1.25

𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=35𝐴

𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑦 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟=40𝐴
𝐶𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸 𝐿𝑈𝐺𝑆
𝐵𝐶_𝑇=100𝐴𝐻

𝐵𝐶_𝑇=300𝐴𝐻
C 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅
𝐼=𝑃/
𝑃=𝑉𝐼

𝐹𝑜𝑟 12𝑉 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚:

𝐼=1000𝑊/12𝑉

𝐼=83.33𝐴

𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼 ∗1.2
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=83.33
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=104.2𝐴
𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=105𝐴
C
 C

00𝐴𝐻+100𝐴𝐻+100𝐴𝐻

00𝐴𝐻
𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅 𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐼𝑁𝐺
𝐼=𝑃/𝑉

𝐹𝑜𝑟 24𝑉 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚:

𝑊/12𝑉 𝐼=1000𝑊/24𝑉

33𝐴 𝐼=41.667 𝐴

𝑅=𝐼 ∗1.25 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼 ∗

=83.33𝐴 ∗1.25 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=41
=104.2𝐴 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=52
=105𝐴 𝐵𝑅𝐸𝐴𝐾𝐸𝑅=55
𝐻
 𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚:

𝑊/24𝑉

67 𝐴
𝐾𝐸𝑅=𝐼 ∗1.25
𝐾𝐸𝑅=41.667 ∗1.25
𝐾𝐸𝑅=52𝐴
𝐾𝐸𝑅=55𝐴
1000𝑊
1000𝑊
220𝑉 𝐴
"When you′re in
"and your equip
" ground your so
00𝑊 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅
00𝑊 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅
0𝑉 𝐴𝐶
 ′re installing a solar panel s
equipment. If you experienc
our solar system could resul
anel system, it is extremely i
rience a large amount of lig
result in damages to your p
mely important to ground y
of lightning storms in your
our product. "
und your solar arrays "
your area, failure to"
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=

𝐼_𝑆𝐶𝐴=𝐼_𝑆
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉 𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉 𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴 𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴 𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴
𝑉_𝑀𝐴=𝑉_𝑀1+𝑉_𝑀2+𝑉_𝑀3+𝑉_𝑀4

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=14𝑣+14𝑣+14𝑣+14𝑣

𝑉_𝑀𝐴=56𝑉

𝐼_𝑆𝐶𝐴=𝐼_𝑆𝐶1=𝐼_𝑆𝐶2=𝐼_(𝑆𝐶_𝑛 )
𝑉_𝑂𝐶=18𝑉
𝑉_𝑀=14𝑉
𝐼_𝑆𝐶=6.5𝐴
𝐼_𝑀=6𝐴
A
𝐵𝐶_𝑇=

𝐵𝐶_𝑇=
B
24𝑉
𝐵𝐶_𝑇=100𝐴𝐻+100𝐴𝐻

𝐶_𝑇=200 𝐴𝐻 @ 24𝑉
C
𝐻
1000𝑊 𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑇𝐸𝑅
220𝑉 𝐴𝐶
𝐸𝑅
"When yo
"and you
" ground
" ground
 hen you're installing a solar
nd your equipment. If you ex
round your solar system cou
round your solar system cou
a solar panel system, it is ex
you experience a large amo
em could result in damages
em could result in damages
 t is extremely important to 
e amount of lightening storm
mages to your product. "
mages to your product. "
ant to ground your solar arr
g storms in your area, failur
. "
. "
lar arrays "
failure to"