L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g a i/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim c/11i11g ta

HSG cAu GIAY 2021 - 2022

Cau I. •
l
I. Cho sodo cha t:

Xacdjnh cac chill vii hoan thanh cac phuong trinh h6a J19c.
2. H6n hgp A chua BaCOJ, MgCOJ, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)J. Nung n6ng h6n hgp A tren d�n kh6i
Jue.mg khiingd6i thu dugc chill nin B va khi C. Cho B vao nuoc du, khuily ki thudm,1c dung dich D g&m
2 chill tan va chill riln E. Nung n6ng E trong 6ng sudung Jue.mg du khi CO thudugc chilt riln F va
h6n hgp khi G. Cho F vao dung dich AgNOJ du thudugc dung djch X vii chill ni.n Y. Cho Y vao
dung dich H2SO•dlic n6ng du thudugc khi thoat ra. Cho G du vao dung djch D thudugc k�t tua Q
va dung djch H. Tim cac chill tren va vi�t phuong trinh h6a hc.>c xay ra.
3. Giai thich cac hien tuc_mg sau:
a. Tai sao Jai dung tro b�pd� bon cay?
b. Tai sao mu6i and� lau ngay Jai bi chay nuoc?
c. Tai sao x�p than thanh mot ch6ng Jai l\r
chay? Hu6'og d�o
I.
Cac chilt thoa mlin:

MgO
X1 : MgSO•; X2: Mg(N03)2; X3 : MgC'2; X• : MgO
Cac phuong trinh boa h9c:
Mg+ H2S04(1oiing) ➔ MgS04 + H2 t
x,
MgS04 + Ba(N03 )i ➔ aaso. J,+ Mg(N0 h 3
'-,--' ._.,....----,
X1 X2
MgS04 + BaCJ2 ➔ BaS04 J,+ MgCJ2
'-,--' '--v----'
X1 X3
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
ta 4 + Na2C0 3
MgS0
c/11i11g MgC03 .J, + Na2S0 4
x,
Mg(N0 3)i + Na2C0 3 MgC0 3.J, + 2 NaN0 3
'----- - v '
x,
MgCJ2 + Na2C0 3 MgC0 3 -1, + 2NaCJ
'-,---'
X3

MgO + 2HCJ MgC12 + H20

X
'-,---'
3
X
,.
2Mg +0 2 - - 2 MgO
x,
Mg + CJ2 •
MgCJ2
'-,---'
X3
2.
Nung A d n kh6i lu<.mg khiingdBi:
,.
BaC0 - - BaO + CO
3 ,. 2

MgC0 3 - - MgO + CO2

,.-
2Fe(OH)3 - Fe02 3 + 3H2 0
2AJ(O H)3 - ,.
- Al20 3 + 3H2 0
Chill riin B BaO, MgO, Fe20 J, AbO
J. Khi C: CO2, H20
Cho B vao nu6c du:
BaO + H02 Ba(OH) 2
Al20 3 + Ba(OH )i Ba(Al0 2 )i + H20
D g6m 2 chill tan: Ba(AI0 2)2, Ba(OH)2 du
Chill riin E: MgO, Fe203
E tic d\mg v6i khi CO du:
,.
Fe20 3 + 3CO - - 2Fe + 3C02
Chill riin F: MgO, Fe
H6n hgp khi G: CO2, CO du
F tac d\mg v6i dung dich AgN03du:
Fe + 2AgN03 Fe(N0 3)2 + 2Ag
Fe(N0 3) 2 + AgN0 3 Fe( N0 3 ) 3 + Ag
Dung dich X: Fe(N0 3}3, AgNOJ
du Chill riin Y: MgO, Ag
Y tac d\mg v6i H2SO . d c, n6ng, du:
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
c/11i11g
MgOta + H2SO4 MgS0 4 + H2O
2Ag + 2H2SO4 (dac) Ag2SO4 + S0 2 t + 2H2O
S\lc Gdu vao dung dich D:
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HC0 3 )i
2CO2 + Ba(AJO 2 ) 2 + 4 H2O 2 AJ(O Hh J. + Ba(HCO3) 2
3.a.
Viec dtmg tro b p d bon cho cay nhlim c ung cllp kali cho cay vi trong tro b p co K2CO3.
3. b.
Mu6i an d liiu ngay bi chay nu&c la do mu6i an hilp th\! hoi nu&c trong khong khi.
3.c.
Than bi oxi boa cham trong khong khi, d n111<)t thin di m nao do nhiet toa ra tir S\I' oxi hoa bling nhiet d<)
chay thi than se (\r b6c chay. Vi vay, x p than thanh m<)t ch6ng se (\r chay.
Cau 2: Nho tir nr dung dich HCI vao dung dich ch<ra Ba(OH)2 vii Ba(AlO2)i. Tir d6 thi sau, hay tinh kh6i
Ju e.mg cua Ba(OH)2 vii Ba(AIO2)2:
11/\ 1(0 11):i

H tr6'og d o
E>at s6 mol cac chill: Ba(OH)i (x 1110 1); Ba(AIO2)2 (y
mol) Thfr 1\1' cac plmang trinh boa hoc:

Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCI BaCl2 + 2 H2 O (I)

Ba( AJO 2 )i + 2 HCI + 2 H 2 O 2 Al(OH)3 J. + BaCl2 (2)
AJ(O H)) + 3HCI AICl3 + 3 H2O (3)

Xet tai 0, 1 mol HCI:

Chi xay ra phan frng trung boa (I):
Ba(OH)2 + 2HCI BaC12 + 2 H2O (I)

nHa = 2.n Ba(OH>, 0, I = 2x x =0,0511101

m0a(OH), = 171.0,05 = 8,55 gam

Xet tai 0,3 mol HCI:
Xay ra ca ( I) va (2).
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
c/11i11g ta
Ba(OH) 2 + 2HCI BaCl2 + 2 H20 (I)
0,05 0, I mol
Ba(Al0 2 )i + 2HCI + 2 H20 2 Al(OH)3 J, + BaQ 2 (2)
(0, 3 - 0, 1) 0,2 mol
=> nAl (OH>, = 0 , 2 m o )
Xet tai 0,7 mol HCI:
Xay ra ca (1), (2), (3)
So d6 phan (mg:

Ba(OH),

0.05 mol
+ HCJ Al(OH) J, BaC, I
- + ,H 0
+ }
Ba(AIO, ) 3 { AJCJ -
, 0.7 mol 0.1 mol
dd sou
y mol

B:io loim Al

B:io 1oinl 83

B:io loiln Cl
nH a = 2 . naaa , + 3. nA a :::::>0 , 7 = 2 .( 0 , 05 + y)+ 3.(2y- 0, 2)
13
=> y = 0, 15 mol
mll3
IO,>, = 255.0 , 15 = 38,25 gam
A(
Cau 3:
a. Nung n6ng hiin hgp chfra S va M (M c6 h6a tri II khongdBi) c6 kh6i lugng la 38,9 trong di u
ki?n khong c6 khong khi thu dugc hiin hgp A. Cho hiin hgp A tac dung hoan toan v6i dung djch HCl du
thu dugc 11,2 lit khi B c6 ti kh6i so v6i H2 la 7 ,4 . Tim kim loai M vii tinh kh6i lugng cac chill trong
hiin hgp ban d5u.
b. Nung n6ng hiin hgp X chfra S va kim loai M trong di u ki? n khong c6 khong khi thu dugc hiin
hgp
Y Cho Y tac d\mg v6i dung dich HCI du thu dugc 9,6 gam chill nin G khong tan va 4,48 lit khi K c6 ti
kh6i so v6i H2 la 9. T inh kh6i lugng cua hiin hgp X va hi? u suilt p han <mg cim phan <mg g iira M va
S.
Hurro g d o
a.
0\it s6 mol cac chill: S (a mol); M (b mo
l) m5 + mM = 38, 932a + Mb = 38,9 (I)
Nung n6ng hiin hgp S vii M:
0
M+S MS
a +- a a mol
A tac d\mg hoan to/in v6i dung djch HCI => S h t => A g6 m: MS (a mol); M du: (b - a) mol
A tac d\mg v6i dung dich HCI du:
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
MS +
c/11i11g ta 2HCJ MCl2 + H2 S t
a a mot
M + 2HQ MCl2 + H2 t
(b- a) (b - a) mot
B g&m: H2S : a mol; H2 : (b - a) mol

=> a = 0 , 2 mol
=>b=0,5 mol
{ b- a = 0,3
mol
(I) 32.0, 2 + M.0,5 =38,9 :::> M =65:::> M: Zn
b.
X gbm: Zn (a mol); S (b mo))

I
Nung X:
•
Zn + S ZnS
x x X mol
ZnS : x mot
Y : Zn dtr: (a - x) mot
S d tr : ( b- x) mot
Y tac dtmg v6i dung dich HCI du:
ZnS + 2HQ ZnCJ2 + H2S t
x x mot
Zn + 2 HQ ZnQ 2
+ H2 t
(a - x) (a - x) mol
Chi t rlin G la S d u : (b - x) mol
96
n s( du ) = b- x = • => b - x =0,3(I}
32

K
. { H S: x mot
2

H2 : (a - x) mol

x = 0 , 1 mot
=> a - x = 0,I=> a =0, I+0, I = 0,2 mo)
{

(I) lb - x = 0 3=> b =0 3 +0 I =0 4 mol

' ' ' '
 L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
mx = m20
c/11i11g ta+ m5 = 65.0, 2 + 32.0, 4 = 25,8 gam
H= n M( p,l) . 100%= O_,l 100%= 50 %
nM(bnn dlw) 0,2
Ciiu 4: Nung n6ng hoan toan 36,34 gam KMnO. thu dugc V lit khi 0 2. Cho toan hoan V lit 0 2 nung
n6ng h t voi h6n h<;>p A ch<ra a gam Fe, Cu thu dugc h6n h<;>p n1n B c6 kh6i lugng 20 gam. Cho h6n h<;>p
d .n tren vao dd H2SO. dac n6ng du thu dugc dung dich vii 3,36 lit S02. Tfnh phlin tram kh6i lugng cac chill
trong h6n h<;>p A.
H trrrog d o
Xe t giai doan nung KMnO•:
36,34
nKMnO = -- = 0, 23 mo t
• 158
Phuong trinh h6a h9c:
., K Mn0 + Mn0 +0
1'
2 K Mn0 4
2 4 2 2
0,23 0 ,115 mo t
n0, = 0,115 mol
0at s6 mol cac chill trong A: Fe (x mot); Cu: y mol
3 ,36 O
n50 = - - = , 15
I
mo '22,4
So d6 phan <mg:

1
I
0 0
Fe , Cu
x mol y mol
F 2(SO.hl+ S 0 'f'+ H, O-2
l
0 +4
x:, + 0 2 (0 .115 mol ) +2 2
0 -
CuS0
._ ,-- -,
y I 0.23 mol
4
3gam
A 20 grun B
BTNT 0
no(B)= 2. n0 , no(BJ = 2.0, 115 = 0, 23 mol
mFe ( BJ + ma.( B) + m O(B) = m 8 56x + 64y + 16.0,23 = 20 (I)
Cac qua trinh nhucmg, nMn electron:
0 +3 0 -2
Fe Fe + 3e 0 + 2e 0
x 3x 0,23 0, 46
0 +2 .6 +4
Cu Cu + 2e s + 2e s
y 2y 0, 3 f.- 0, 15
Bno 1oan electron
3x + 2y = 0, 46 + 0,3 3x + 2 y = 0,76 (II)
( I). (II)
x = 0, 2 mol; y = 0, 08 mot
Phiin tram kh6i hrgng cac chilt trong A:
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
56 0 2
c/11i11g ta =
%mFe .100 %= 68,63%
56.0,2 ·+64.0,08
•
%muc = 100%- 68,63%= 31,37%
Ciiu S: Cho 6,69 gam h6n h<;Jp g6 m 0,04 mol AIC'3 va m{>t mu6i halogenua cua kim loai M c6 h6a
tri khiingd6i vao mr6c thu dugc h6n h<;Jp d ung dich A. Cho dung dich A tic d\lng vua du v6i 200 ml
dungdich AgNOJ thu dugc 20,09 gam k t tua va dung d jch B. Cho dung dich B vao dung dich NaOH du thu
dugc k t tua M , loc lily k t li ra nung d n kh6i lugng khiing d6 i thu dugc h6 n h<;Jp ti n c6 kh6i lugng la 0,8
gam. Tim ciing th(rc cua mu6i halogenua va n6 ng d{> mol cua AgN0 3.
Hu6'og d o
0at co ng thuc cua mu6i halogenua la MXm (a mol)
mA 1c13 + mMxm =6,69 133,5.0, 04+(M+ Xm).a =6,69 M.a + Xma = 1,35 (I)
Dung dich A tic d\mg vua du v6i dung dich AgN0 3:
AJCl3 + 3 AgN03 3AgCI .J, + Al( N0
3)3
0,04 0,12 0,12 0,04 mol
MXm + mAgN0 3 mAgX .J, + M( N0 3m)
a ma ma a
K t tita g6m: AgCI (0,12 mol); AgX (ma mol).
mAga + mAgX = mk ., ,ua 143, 5.0,12 + ( l08 + X).ma = 20,09
I08.ma + X.ma = 2,87 (U)
Dung dich B: Al(NQ3)3(0 ,04 mol); M(NOJ)m (a mol)
B tic d\mg v6i dung dich NaOH du:
Al(N0 3 ), + 3Na0 H Al(OH), .J, + 3NaN0 3
M( N0 3 )m + mNaOH M(OH)., .J, + mNaN0 3
a a mol
Al(OH), + NaOH NaAl0 2
K t tua: M(OH)m (a mol)
Nung k t tua d n kh6i lugng khong d6i:
,.
2M(OH)m - '- M 20m + mH20

a 0,5a mol
, ran
Chat . thu dugc: M20 m (0,5a mol)
(2M+ 16 m).0,5a = 0,8 Ma +8ma =0,8 (Ill)

!
Ma =0,64 ! X = 35,5 x : Cl
( I ). ( II ). ( Ill ) J Xma = 0 71 M O 64
' =-'- M = 32m m = 2; M=64 (Cu)
ma = 0,02 ma 0,02
Cong thuc cua mu6i halogenua: CuCb
nAgN O , = 0 , 12 + ma = 0,12 + 0,02 = 0,14 mol
0, 14 O
CM(AgNO; ) = 0 2
='
'
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
Ciiu
c/11i11g ta 6: Cho 111 ga m hiin hgp A g6m Fe va Mg vao dung dich HCI du thu dirge 5,6 lit H2. M t khae, lfiy
111 ga m A e ho vao 200ml dung dieh ch(ra AgNO3 I,SM va Cu(NO3)2 IM thu d irge dungdich B ch(ra 3

mu6i. Cho dung dieh B tac dµng v6i dungdich NaOH du thu d tr<.JC hiin hgp kJt tita, J9c tae h k t tita nung
n6ng trong khiing khi dJn kh6i Ju gng khiing d6i thu dirge 24 gam chill d.n. Tim 111 va tinh kh6i Jugng tirng
mu6i
trong hiin hgp B.
Htr6'og d o
Xet m gam A tac dung v6i dung dich HCI du:
D t s6 mol cac chilt Fe (a mol); Mg (b mol)
56
nH = = 0, 25 mol
2 •
22,4
Cac phuong trinh h6a h9c:
Fe + 2HCJ FeCJ2 + H2 t
a a mol
Mg + 2HCJ MgCJ2 + H2 t
b b mol
nH , = a + b = 0 , 25 ( I)
Xet m gam A tac d\lng v6i dung dich eh(ra AgNO3 vii Cu(NO3)2:
nAg N O, = 0, 2. 1, 5 = 0,3 mol
nCu(NO >, = 0, 2. 1 = 0, 2 mol
3-

Ti nh khir : Mg > Fe
Tinh oxi h6a: AgNO3> Cu(NO3)2
Dung dich B g6m 3 mu6i: Mg(NOJ)2, Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 du
Sa d6 phim <rng:

[l AgN0 3

·
0.3 mot
C u( NO3 M g (O H ,) l
h

'-v
------
'
mgamA
b mol
'------v-------
0.2 mol

c mol
+ NsOH d• :

!Fe ( O H)i
C u(OH)2
.J..

24 gam dn

dd B
BlNTN
----nAg,'10, +2n.Cu(NO,>, = 2. nMg(NO,>, + 2.n Fc(N03 >, + 2. nCu(NO,>, d•
=>0,3 + 2.0 , 2 = 2 b + 2a + 2c => 2a + 2b + 2c = 0, 7 (II )
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
BTNTMg
c/11i11g ta

nFc(NO, >, = 2.nFc,03 nFc,03 =2amot

BTNT Fe

BTNTCu
ncu(NO; ), d• = neuo neuo = c mot
mM• O + mF .,.,O + meuo = a
40.b +160. 80a + 40 b+80c = 24 (ill )
mn\n 24- +80.c=
0 - 3 2
(I).(II). (Ill )
a=0,15 mol; b =0, l mol;c = 0,l
mot m = mF, + mgM = 56.0, 15 + 24.0, I = 10,8
gam
Kh&i lugng tirng mu&i trong B
mMg(NO,>, = 148.0, I= 14,8 gam
mFc(NO,>, = I80.0,15 = 27 gam
meu(NO,>, d• = I88.0,I = I8,8 gam
Ciiu 7: Cho 6,3gam h6n h<;1p X gc'im Mg vii Al vilo 400ml dung djch gc'im HCI IM vii H2S0 • 0 ,5
M thu
dugc dung djch Y va 6,72 lit H2(dktc).
a. Tinh kh&i lugng mu&i khan thu dugc sau khi co cs1n dung djch Y.
b. Cho dung djch Y vao V lit dung djch NaOH 2M d thu dugc Ju gng k t tira 16n nhilt. Tinh V va
kh&i Ju gng k t ttia thu dugc.
Htr6'og d o
a.
nHO = 0, 4.1 =0,4 mot
nH ,so, = 0,4.0,5 = 0,2 mot
6 72
nH = • =0,3 mot
2
22,4
0\its6 mol cac chilt trong X: Mg (a mol); Al (b mol)
mgM + mAJ =mx 24a + 27b = 6,3 (I)

nH + 2. nH so =0,4 +2.0,2 = 0,8 mol > 2.nH = 0,6 mol X h et

, • ' { Ax1t. du
0

Sa dc'i phan
<mg: H2

[·?i}l
1'
0.3 mol
0H.4
Mg2+, AI3+, H + du
CmoI l
tt,so. a mol b mol
bmol
c,- '4
so'-
0.4 mol
6.3 g:un X 0.2
dd y mol

IITNT H
L1r11 Viin D/111: Chemistry kh611g ai/611 xa ma achfnh trong tim
ta 2.n ,. + 3.n •3 + l.n• = l. n _ + 2.nso' - => 2a + 3b + 1.0 ,2 = 1.0,4 + 2.0,2
- B-TDT--+
c/11i11g
Mg Al H 0 4

=>2a + 3b = 0,6 (U)

(I).(II)
a=0,15 mol;b = 0,1 mol
Co C{\Il dung djchy thl HCI se bay hoi:
H+ + C-l HCI1'
0, 2 0,2 0,2 mol

Mg+2 : 0, 15
mol Al+3 : 0, I
mol
Chat ri\.n thu duqc :
so - : 0,2 mo)
c-1 : 0,4 - 0, 2 = 0, 2 mo)
m,.0 = mMs '•+ mA ,3+ + m soI - + m0 _ = 6, 3 + 96.0 , 2 + 3 5,S.0 ,2 = 32 ,6 gam

b.
Dung dich Y tac d \mg v6i dungdich NaOH d tint d ugc k t tua 16n nhllt:
H+ + O -H H 2O
0, 2 0,2 mol
Mg2 + 2O -H Mg(OH)2 .J,
+
0,3 0, 15 mol
0,15
3
AJ3+ + 3O H- Al(OH) J.
0,2 + 0,3 +0,3
n H _ =0,1 0, 3 = 0,8 m o0,l I mol
0
nNaOH = on H - => n NnOH = 0,8
mol
8
=> V =0, = 0,4 1ft
2
= 58.0,IS + 78.0,I= 16,S gam
mk te I U3 max = mMg(OHJ , + m
AJ(OH3)