1.What is Database?

 A database is a systematic collection of data. They support electronic storage and manipulation
of data. Databases make data management easy.

2.What is Database management system?

o Database Management Systems (DBMS) are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run
queries on data. A DBMS serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing
users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database.

3.What are Database models?

♦ Relational Model
♦ Network Model
♦ Hierarchical Model
♦ Object-Oriented Database Model
♦ Object Relational Model (It syndicates the two which create up its name)
♦ Entity-Relationship Model
♦ Record Based DBMS Model
♦ Document Database Model

4.Relational Database management system?

 software used to store, manage, query, and retrieve data stored in a relational database is called
a relational database management system (RDBMS).
 Includes tables containing rows and columns.

5.What is acid properties?

 ACID refers to the four key properties of a transaction: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and
durability.
 Atomicity – Entire transactions takes place at once or not happen at all.
 Consistency -Database must be consistent before and after transaction
 Isolation – Multiple transaction occurs independently without interference.
 Durability – changes of the transaction occurs successful even if the system failure occurs.

6.What is 12 card rule?

♦ Rule 0 – Foundation rule

♦ Rule 1 – Rule of Information
♦ Rule 2 – Rule of Guaranteed Access.
♦ Rule 3 – Rule of Systematic Null Value Support.
♦ Rule 4 – Rule of Active and online relational Catalog.
♦ Rule 5 – Rule of Comprehensive Data Sub-language.
♦ Rule 6 – Rule of Updating
♦ Rule 7 – Rule of Set level insertion, update and deletion.
 ♦ Rule 8 – Rule of Physical Data Independence.
♦ Rule 9 – Rule of Logical Data Independence.
♦ Rule 10 – Rule of Integrity Independence.
♦ Rule 11 – Rule of Distribution Independence.
♦ Rule 12 – Rule of Non Subversion.

7. What is Normalisation?

 Normalization is the process of organizing data into a related table; it also eliminates
redundancy and increases the integrity which improves performance of the query. To normalize
a database, we divide the database into tables and establish relationships between the tables.

8 . Why Normalisation?

 It is important that a database is normalized to minimize redundancy (duplicate data) and to

ensure only related data is stored in each table.