Verb + (으)ㄹ게요 

: This pattern is used for the future tense. Even by native Korean speakers, the 게요 is often
mispelled as 께요. This pattern has several restrictions, see the notes below.

Notes

 This pattern is restricted to first person usage.

 To make this the low form (반말) simply drop the 요 ending.

 This pattern can only be used as a statement and cannot be used as a question.

 This pattern must be used in a way to where the other person you are speaking to is somewhat related to
the situation you are describing with the verb. "I" must be the subject of the action (though it is also
acceptable for suggestions where it can also be "we"). See below:

 This pattern should be used when the action relates to the listener(s) directly or if it's for the listener(s)'
sake.
Pronunciation

 Due to reinforcement, the ㄱ in 게 is pronounced as '께.' ' ㄹ grammar + ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ' 

Adjective/Verb + 겠다: This grammar pattern has several usages:

1. In first-person statements, the ending -겠- expresses intention or will. In this meaning, it is mostly used
with formal grammar patterns such as A/V + (스)ㅂ니다 and not used commonly in informal speech.
This pattern is also stronger than the future tense A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요, which is a simpler future tense,
and expresses less intention than than -겠다.

2. -겠다 can also convey supposition, a guess, a thought or observation. It can sometimes be translated
as 'I think', 'I bet', 'I guess', 'It/this looks ~', 'It must be ~'. This pattern can not be used to express the
thoughts or supposition (etc) of a second or third person and must express the thought of the person
saying or writing it.
3. When combined with A/V + (으)면 and follow by 좋겠다, it can be used to express a wish or desire,
see A/V + (으)면 좋겠다

4. When combined with the honorific marker 시 and the verb 주다, it is a polite way to request or ask for
something or some action to be done. See V + 아/어 주시겠다 or N + 주시겠다.

5. -겠다 can also be added to 알다 (to know) and 모르다 (to not know) to raise the politeness. 알겠어요/
모르겠어요 are generally more polite than 알았어요/몰라요.
A/V + (으)ㄹ 거예요  : This pattern is used for the future tense. Even by native Korean speakers, the 거예요 is
often mispelled as 꺼예요. See the pronunciation section.

 To make the low form (반말), the 예요 part becomes 야: A/V+(으)ㄹ 거야

 This form is originally from A/V+(으)ㄹ 것이다: A/V+(으)ㄹ 것이다> A/V+(으)ㄹ 것이에요> A/V+(으)ㄹ
거예요
Pronunciation

 Due to consonant assimilation rules, the ㄱ in 거 gets pronounced as 'ㄲ.' So the actual pronunciation is
꺼. See page ' ㄹ grammar + ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ' 

It’s been a very long time since my last blog post about grammar nuances (or about
anything at all…) – the last one was ~(으)ㄹ 것 같다 VS ~(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다! So I’m back
again with another blog post on grammar nuances, this time comparing 3 similar
particles.

~(으)ㄹ 것이다, ~(으)ㄹ게 and ~겠다 are all in the future tense but there are distinct
differences across all 3. We would attach these particles to any verb or adjective to
express it in the future tense. We can’t attach these particles to nouns!

I used to be confused with all three of them, thinking they can be used interchangeably.
I couldn’t be more wrong!

We’ll look at the important differences in usage of each grammar particle, comparing
them and the nuances.

For starters, (으)ㄹ 것이다 is more commonly known as ~(으)ㄹ 거예요/(으)ㄹ 거야.

Be sure to leave comments if you have anything to add/clarify!

Things to note
1a. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used in first, second and third person
If we want to express anything in the future tense, adding ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is the simplest
and safest way to do it. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used in the first person, second person
and third person, unlike the other two particles.

Examples:
이따가 점심(을) 먹을 거예요.
I will eat lunch later.

내일 학교(에) 갈 거예요?
Will you go to school tomorrow?
*~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is usually used to ask questions when used in the second person.
형(은) 저녁(을) 먹고나서  게임(을 ) 할 거예요
Elder brother will play games after having his dinner.

1b. ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be attached to both verbs and adjectives

Other than nouns, which technically don’t have future forms, ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 can be used
in conjunction with both verbs and adjectives.

As can be seen, ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 is the most general and common way to express future
tense.

Examples:

For verbs, refer to  1a  for the example

다음 주에 회의가 있어서 바쁠 거예요.
There’s a meeting next week so I’ll be busy.

엄마가 만든 김치찌개는 맛있을 거예요.

The Kimchi stew Mum made is really good so it will be delicious.

1c. ~겠다 means a strong will or intention to perform an action and can only be used in the first
person
Just like ~(으)ㄹ게, ~겠다 can only be used in the first person. However, the difference is
that ~(으)ㄹ게 doesn’t necessarily imply the speaker’s determination to follow through
with the action.

To emphasise one’s strong will or intention to follow through with an action, use ~겠다
instead of ~(으)ㄹ게.

~겠다 is also used very often in formal and professional settings, as you would have
noticed while watching Korean dramas or variety shows.

Examples:

앞으로 열심히 일을 하겠습니다. 감사합니다.

I will work hard from now on. Thank you.
와! 진짜 맛있어 보이네. 잘 먹겠습니다.
Wow! This looks really delicious. I will eat well.
*잘 먹겠습니다 is a commonly used phrase at the dinner table as an expression of
gratitude for the food and courtesy before digging in. It might be in the formal form but it
can be used in all casual, polite or formal situations.
오늘 즐거웠습니다. 다음에는 다시 뵙겠습니다.
I enjoyed myself today. See you again next time.
*다시 뵙겠습니다 is the honorific form of 다시 만나요, which essentially means the same
thing “see you again/meet you again”. If you’ve listened to one of my  speaking practices, I
always end off with that sentence.
1d. ~겠다 can be attached to both verbs and adjectives
In this respect, ~겠다 is the same as ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 in that we can attach both verbs and
adjectives to both grammar particles to express something that hasn’t yet happened.

Once again, as you will notice, ~겠다 is commonly used in (but not limited to) formal
and polite situations.

Examples:

회의가 2 시에 끝나겠어요. 잠시 기다려 주세요.

The meeting will end at 2 pm. Please wait for a while.

어제 아주 바빠서 찾지 못했지만 오늘 다시 찾겠어요.

I was very busy yesterday so I couldn’t find it but I will find it again today.

너무나 걱정하지 마세요. 스트레스를 받으면 아프겠어요.

Don’t be overly worried. If you’re stressed out, you will get sick.

1e. ~겠다 implies the speaker’s guess when used on another subject other than him or herself
An extension of the rule (3b), ~겠다 can be used if we’re unsure of something and wish
to be polite. This is especially so when the speaker is not referring to an action or
adjective that applies to him or herself.

Examples:

메뉴판을 봐서 김치찌개가 맛있겠어! 주문해 봐.

I saw the menu and I guess the Kimchi stew will be delicious! Let’s order that.

나중에 그 회사에서 일을 하면 많이 고생하겠어.

When I work at that company in the future, I guess I will suffer a lot.
* Grammar note – ~겠다 can be added to 알다 or 모르다 for added politeness
Adding this in because using 알겠습니다/알겠어요 and 모르겠습니다/모르겠어요 are
extremely common in situations where we want to be polite towards strangers or
people of a higher seniority.

알겠습니다/알겠어요 can be understood as “I understand (and I will do what’s

necessary)” when used in a reply to a request from someone we should respect.알아요 is
used in slightly more casual situations and 알아 is used in informal situations with
friends. 알았어요 can sometimes be seen as passive aggressive and 알았어 is like saying
“I know already, why are you still telling me this?”

알아요 is used in slightly more casual situations and 알아 is used in informal situations
with friends. 알았어요 can sometimes be seen as passive aggressive and 알았어 is like
saying “I know already, why are you still telling me this?”

모르겠습니다/모르겠어요 can be understood as “I’m not very sure” or “I wouldn’t know

for sure but I’ll try my best to help” instead of a flat “I don’t know” (모릅니다/몰라요),
which is much more desirable in a polite situation.

몰랐어요 literally just means “I didn’t know”, although it might seem a little strong
depending on the context. 몰랐어 can only be used in informal situations while 몰라 is
actually very aggressive and rude unless it’s with friends or intimate people.