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Mitigation of Load Current Harmonics Using DSTATCOM based on SRF Theory

Conference Paper · January 2013

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 Mitigation of Load Current Harmonics Using
DSTATCOM based on SRF Theory
J. Bangarraju & V. Rajagopal
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Padmasri Dr. B. V. Raju Institute of Technology
Narsapur, Medak, , Andhra Pradesh, India
bangarraju.jampana@bvrit.ac.in, rajagopal.v@bvrit.ac.in
Abstract— In this paper presents a synchronous reference
frame (SRF) Theory based Distributed Static Compensator
(DSTATCOM) to mitigation of current harmonics, power factor
correction and terminal voltage control. The DSTATCOM
consists of three-leg IGBT based current controlled voltage
source converter (VSC) with self-supported by DC bus capacitor.
The SRF theory control algorithm is used for VSC to generate
reference source currents. The performance of SRF theory based
DSTATCOM in the distribution system is validated by using
MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords— DSTATCOM, harmonics, SRF Theory, Power
Quality, voltage source converter
I. INTRODUCTION
F ROM the very beginning, power systems have witnessed
the Power quality problems. The insignificant use of non-
linear loads has led to worsening of power quality. Because of
their non-linear characteristics, these loads draw non sinusoidal
currents from ac mains and thus causing the voltage and
current distortion called „harmonics‟. Inherently, harmonics
inhibit problems like distorted voltage waveforms equipment
overheating, excessive neutral currents, low power factor
blown capacitor fuses, overheating and high reactive power
consumption[1-4]. In order to mitigate the power quality
problems, many standards are proposed, such as the IEEE-519
standard [5].
To control the power quality problems, a group of devices
familiarly called as custom power devices (CPD) has been
utilized in practice. A distribution static compensator, a shunt
connected CPD can also be used to compensate the reactive
power and harmonics in the distribution system [6].
Traditionally, passive filers are used to suppress the
harmonics, but they suffer from limited-fixed reactive power
compensation. Further, these filters cause resonance which
leads to amplification of current signal at certain harmonic
frequencies [8-9]
To overcome the drawbacks of passive filters we use active
filters. The active power filter (APF) is a device that is
connected in system to compensate harmonic currents from a
group of non-linear loads so that the resulting total current
drawn from the ac mains is sinusoidal. Ideally, the APF needs
O. Sindhura, Ch. Vikram, M. Saikiran& G. Ramyasree
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science
Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India
sindhuraoddiraju36, vikramcherala99, saikiran.wgl,
ramyasree35@gmail.com
to generate just enough reactive and harmonic current to
compensate the nonlinear loads in the line, thus it handles only
a fraction of the total power to the load [10-12].
The control schemes employed in APF‟s look simpler with
an ease of implementation, but lack in providing adequate
solution under severe condition of harmonics, reactive power
and unbalance load conditions. To mitigate harmonics in
distribution systems many different algorithms are proposed
such as synchronous reference frame (SRF) Theory,
instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory, symmetrical
Components, power balance theory etc [13]. In this proposed
paper synchronous reference frame theory is used to reference
currents are estimated for DSTATCOM [14-15].The basic
schematic diagram of DSTATCOM with non-linear loads is
depicted in Fig.1
isabc iLabc
t
t
Non- linear
load
Vsabc
Source
icabc
DSTATCOM
Fig. 1 single line diagram of DSTATCOM
II. DSTATCOM CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL
ALGORITHM
Fig. 2 shows a three phase current controlled IGBT based
three leg voltage source converters (VSC) is connected through
filtering inductor to the point common coupling (PCC). A
capacitor is connected across the VSC to maintain DC bus
voltage constant. A ripple filter is used to eliminate the ripples
in the terminal voltages and it is also connected to PCC
between the source and the load.
The reference currents are generated by using synchronous
reference frame theory (SRF) which provides reliable operation
under various operating conditions. Parks transformation is
used to convert the load currents in to d-q-o
2 1 
i  i cos   i sin   i (1)
3
 

Ld La Lb Lc
2
 2   2  2  1 
iLq  iLa cos   
  iLb sin      iLc 
(2)
3    3  3  2   
iLb *  iLd cos   
2  
  iLq sin   
2 
  iLo 
 (6)
  3   3  
2  2   2  1  (3)
iLo  iLa cos      iLb sin      iLc    2   2   (7)
3  3   3  2  ilc  ild cos   
*
  ilq sin      ilo 
  3   3  
vsa RS L S isa Where Vsa, Vsb, Vsc are three phase source voltages
iLa
A ILa, iLb, iLc are three phase Load currents
vsb R S LS isb iLb RL
iLq is Load quadrature axis current
n
B
iLd is Load direct axis current
L
vsc R
LS isc
The DSTATCOM is operated under unity power factor or zero
S
iLc
voltage regulation operating mode. The gating pulses for
C
switches are generated by comparing reference source currents
ica
icb (isa*, isb*, isc*) with sensed source currents (isa, isb, isc) using a
icc
Rf
Rf

Rf

PWM current controller. A PWM based current controller is

used to force the source current to follow the reference
Cf
Cf

Cf

Cdc currents. It generates the switching pulses to control the VSC.

V*dc PI
+ CONTROLLE
-
R
Vdc
LPF

Current controlled iLa ILd Iddc +

LPF + + Reverse
PWM Controller for Parks
iLb
Transformatio Parks
three-leg ILq Iqdc I q*
iLc n Transformatio
Fig.2 DSTATCOM system Configuration in the distribution system with LPF - - n
+ + i*sc i*sb i*sa
non-linear loads
sinθ, cosθ sinθ, cosθ
isa
Three
The proposed SRF Theory control algorithm for phase PLL
isb
DSTATCOM is shown in Fig.3.The voltages at PCC are Bipolar current
vsa PI controlled PWM
isc
synchronized with signals using three phase PLL. The Low vsb Amplitude - CONTROLLE
vsc + R
pass Butterworth filter is used to extract the dc components i Ld
and iLq. The reference d-axis source current (id*) is obtained
from loss component (iloss) and dc component of load current V*s
Gate pulses for three-leg VSC
(ILd). The sensed dc bus voltage (Vdc) is compared with
reference dc capacitor voltage. The difference is given to PI Fig. 3 SRF Theory control algorithm for DSTATCOM
controller. The output of PI controller is considered as loss
component of the dc bus capacitor. This output is added to III. MATLAB MODELING
the„d‟ component of load currents to get I d*. The DSTATCOM along distribution system is modeled and
The error between the amplitude of load terminal voltage simulated in MATLAB along with simulink and simpower
(Vs) and reference value (Vs*) is fed to the PI controller. The system (SPS) toolboxes as shown in Fig. 4. A three phase
error of the terminal voltages are given to the ac voltage PI voltage source to which source impedance is connected is used
controller and added to the „q‟ component of load current (I Lq) to determine the supply voltage. The DSTATCOM is
to get Iq*.The Id* and Iq* are reconverted to abc frame by connected with the supply at point of common coupling. A
using the inverse parks transformation. The reference q-axis ripple filter is connected across supply to remove harmonics.
source current (iLq) is obtained from dc component of load A DC capacitor is connected across VSC to maintain the DC
current (iLq) and output (iq).The control strategy is used to bus voltage constant for it proper operation. The system data is
eliminate the current harmonics in load and load balancing. given in appendix. Simulation Results
Using reverse parks transformation reference source currents
in d-q-o frame are converted into reference source currents. IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The reference terminal voltage is compared with the sensed The simulation results are shown below for the proposed
terminal voltage which is given by three-phase three-wire topology. The simulation results show
2 (4) that the harmonics are mitigated by using DSTATCOM into
V 
s
(v  v  v )
a
2
b
2
c
2

3 the distribution system. Fig 5a-5d shows the performance of

The inverse park transformation is given as, DSTATCOM with diode bridge rectifier with R-load at unity
power factor mode. It has been observed that when the load
iLa *  iLd cos   iLq sin   iLo  (5) currents are non-linear but source currents are sinusoidal. The
dc bus voltage is maintained constant within the limits of
 Fig. 4 MATLAB/SIMULINK model for DSTATCOM based on SRF Theory control algorithm
700V. It has been seen that the THD of source voltage and
source current is 0.59% and 3.80% whereas the THD of the
load current is 29.9% which is non-linear.
Fig. 6a-6d shows the performance of DSTATCOM in
distribution system with diode bridge rectifier with large L and
R load. It has been observed that the THD of source voltage
and source current is 0.59% and 4.28% whereas the THD of
the load current is 29.87% which is highly non-linear.
V. CONCLUSION
A DSTATCOM has been demonstrated for mitigation of
load current harmonics in distribution system using SRF based
control algorithm. The performance is checked for two types
of non-linear loads on the proposed DSTATCOM and has
been validated through MATLAB/Simulink and simpower
system (SPS) toolboxes .The dc bus voltage of the
DSTATCOM has been regulated to the reference dc bus
voltage under varying load conditions. It is observed that SRF
based control algorithm is having fast response and simple
enough to perform harmonic elimination.
APPENDIX
AC line voltage: 415 V (L-L), 50 Hz
Source resistance Rs=0.9 Ω
Source reactance Ls=0.1 μH
Three phase Loads:
(i) Three-phase diode bridge rectifier with R=10 Ω
(ii) Three-phase diode bridge rectifier with
R = 10Ω and L = 200mH
Ripple filter: Rf = 5 Ω, Cf= 5 μF.
Interface Inductance: Lr= 3mH
DC bus voltage: 700V
DC bus Capacitor: 7000 μF
DC voltage PI controller: Kpd=0.5, Kid=1.1
AC voltage PI controller: Kpd=0.8, Kid=0.7
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Fig.5c: Harmonic spectrum of source current THD of source current 3.80%

Fig 5a Performance of DSTATCOM with diode rectifier with R- load Fig 5d Harmonic spectrum of load current THD of load current 29.90%
 Fig. 6b Harmonic spectrum of source current THD of Source current 4.28%

Fig.6d Harmonic spectrum of load current THD of load current 29.87%

Fig. 6a Performance of DSTATCOM with diode bridge rectifier with RL load

Fig. 6b Harmonic spectrum of source voltage THD of source voltage 0.59%

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