2.

According to rates of duty

A. Ad valorem
- According to value, duties imposed upon the value of the imported
merchandise expressed in terms of fixed percentage.
B. Specific duties
- Based upon the definite unit of weight, quantity, volume or measurement
expressed in terms of domestic currency.
C. Alternative duty
- A combination of ad valorem and the specific rates of duties; however
whichever yields a bigger amount of revenue shall be the basis of the
collection.
D. Compound duty
- A combination of ad valorem and the specific rates of duties and is made apply
simultaneously on a given article.
DUMPING may be classified as
A. Persistent dumping or international price discrimination
- This refers to the continuous sale of the commodity at a higher price in the
domestic market than internationally.

B. Predatory dumping
- It is the temporary sale of a commodity at below cost or at a lower price abroad
than at home in order to drive foreign producers out of business, after which
prices are raised to maximize profit.
C. Sporadic dumping
- It is the occasional sale of a commodity at below cost or at a lower price
abroad than domestically in order to unload an unforeseen and temporary
surplus of the commodity without having to reduce domestic prices.