ROLE OF

PROTEINS IN
TISSUE HEALING
Lucely Andrea Lezama Colli

Nutrition and oral

health
 Protein

Cicatrization
Main structural and
functional component Result of tissue
of cells and they have regeneration and
numerous, having a wound closure,

Definition catalytic role

(enzymes), body
motility (actin,
conditioned by a series
of biochemical factors
at the level of the
Infection

Incorporación de
myosin), mechanical continuity solution gérmenes que
role (elastin, collagen), represented by the penetran en los
transport and storage injury, by changes in tejidos y se
(hemoglobin, tissue structures and by multiplican
myoglobin, a series of processes generando daños.
cytochromes), that determine the
protection (antibodies formation of the scar
) and regulatory
(hormones).
 PROTEIN
FOODS
Foods rich in protein include animal proteins
such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish and seafood.

Other good sources include milk products

such as milk, kefir, cheese and yogurt. Animal
proteins provide all the essential amino
acids.

Plant proteins such as legumes (beans, peas

and lentils), tofu, nuts and seeds are also
good sources of protein and provide valuable
fibre.

Healing
Proteins
The amount of total body protein decreases
with age, in turn reducing skin elasticity and
immune response, which directly contributes
to wound healing
Adequate protein intake is essential for
proper healing.
Protein depletion delays healing by
prolonging the inflammatory phase and
inhibiting fibroplasia, collagen,
proteoglycan synthesis, neoangiogenesis,
and inhibits wound remodeling
Patients with injury, it requires more
protein supply due to increased
metabolic activity, acute phase protein
production, mobilization of amino acids
from the muscle for hepatic neo-
glucogenesis.
 CELLS
Main cells of gingival tissue
and play an important role
in wound healing, especially
extracellular matrix (ECM)
remodeling by the synthesis
of ECM components (such as
collagen, fibronectin,
hyaluronan, and elastin) and
Fibroblasts the secretion of matrix
metalloproteinase and
tissue inhibitor of
metalloproteinase
Platel
Actively participate in three
aspects of the healing
process: generation of growth
factors for the fibroblast,
generation of angiogenic
factors that stimulate
neovascularization of the
wound, and generation of
Macrophages factors that modify other
cells responsible for
producing proteins that make
up the tissue matrix.
connective
 CELLS Platel

In order to restore the

(First neutrophils and barrier function of the
skin, the epidermis has to
then macrophages)
be repaired by
invade the injured
proliferation of
tissue and begin to
keratinocytes, the main
clean the area of debris,
cells of the epidermis,
both dead tissue and Keratinocytes which migrate from the
Leukocytes contaminants such as
wound edges and hair
bacteria follicles to close the
wound.
 Methionine

Cysteine precursor,
Arginine Glutamina which stimulates the
proliferation of
fibroblasts and the
Important in protein Most abundant amino synthesis of collagen.
synthesis, cell acid in plasma, It is of
proliferation and collagen great importance in
AMINO ACIDS production. Arginine wound healing as it is
Lysine and
supplementation is a critical part of
recommended to improve nucleotide synthesis
Proline
healing when body stores in cells including
of arginine are impaired. fibroblasts, epithelial Are other amino acids
cells and that contribute to
macrophages. wound healing as
collagen precursors
 Cytokines

TGF- β PDGF (IL-1) TGF-α TNF PAF FGF

Función Stimulates Responsible Transforming Essential part Ability to Regular
relevante en el chemotaxis, for the growth factor of the cause platelet physiological
sistema proliferation, and production of that is a ligand immune aggregation functions
inmunitario, en new gene inflammation, for the system, and dilation of such as
el control de la expression in as well as the epidermal helping the blood vessels. angiogenesis,
proliferación, monocytes- promotion of growth factor body mount Now it is also cell growth,
activación y macrophages and fever and receptor, which attacks known as a embryonic
diferenciación fibroblasts in sepsis activates a against potent development,
de células T. vitro, cell types signaling invading mediator of metabolic
considered pathway for cell bacteria and inflammation, regulation,
essential for proliferation, viruses and allergic cell
tissue repair. differentiation heal damaged responses, migration,
and tissues. and shock and tissue
development repair
 NORMAL WOUND
HEALING
01
Inflammatory phase
Following initial injury, haemostasis
results in vasoconstriction and the
formation of a fibrin clot. Once
homeostasis is established,
vasodilation occurs and the
increased blood flow leads to
migration of neutrophils,
macrophages and enzymes to the
wound site.
02
Proliferation
Fibroblast cell numbers increase,
helping to repair tissue and build the
foundations to create the base of the
wound with new granulation tissue. The
wound starts to rebuild itself. New
capillaries are formed and an
extracellular matrix is produced. Lasting
5-24 days with presence of
macrophages and fibroblasts,
stimulating angiogenesis, which enables
the tissues to receive oxygen and
nutrients.
03
Epithelialisation
When the wound is filled with healthy
granulation tissue, epithelialisation
encourages restoration of the skin’s
integrity. Keratinocytes migrate from
the wound edges until the wound is
covered and proteins, including
collagen and elastin, are synthesised to
form scar tiss
04
Remodelling
Occurs as the wound closes. The tensile
strength of the wound increases, which
can last for several months.
Proteins in infection
There may be a higher content of certain
proteins in the blood when the body is fighting
an infection or some type of inflammation.

Alpha-2 hyperglobulinemia raises

suspicion of acute infection or neoplasia

A heteroclonal hypergammapathy makes us

suspect, firstly, liver cirrhosis or HIV in the
reactive phase and, secondly, a chronic
infection, although in the latter case the
increase is usually more moderate
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