Cala Component B : Social Sciences

Learning Area : Heritage – Social Studies

Level : Grade 6

Syllabus Topic : Shelter ( Syllabus Page 60 )

Sub-Topic : Indigenous Types of Shelter

Cala Type : Pen and Paper Activities

Constructed Models

Cala Title : Appreciation of Indigenous Shelter

Competences / Skills : Research

- Communication

- Critical Thinking

- Problem Solving

- Modelling

- Designing

Background

Long ago our forefathers used to dwell in different types of

shelter. However , due to urbanization , our children in cities
and towns are not familiar with these types of shelters which
is contributing to lack of appreciation and interest in
indigenous shelter.
The Cala

The Cala has two separate parts, Past A and B . You need to
complete both parts.

What is a Shelter ?

For Oxford Languages

a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger

Part A

Different indigenous types of shelter

Great Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in the south-eastern hills of

Zimbabwe near Lake Mutirikwe and the town of Masvingo. It
was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the
country's Late Iron Age.  Construction on the city began in the
9th century and continued until it was abandoned in the 15th
century. The edifices are believed to have been erected by
the ancestral Shona.  The stone city spans an area of 7.22
square kilometres and could have housed up to 18,000 people
at its peak, giving it a population density of approximately 2,500
per square kilometre. It is recognised as a World Heritage Site
by UNESCO.

Mana pools
Initially promulgated as a “non-hunting reserve”, Mana Pools
was gazetted as a “game reserve” in 1963 and as a National
Park in 1975. Along the way, the major casualties resulting
from this legislation were the human inhabitants of the area,
who were evicted and moved to areas south of the Zambezi
Escarpment.

Khami
Khami World Heritage Site, formerly known as Khami
Ruins, is an extensive complex of stonewalled sites that
lies just west of Bulawayo.
The southern western portion of the Zimbabwe, north-eastern
Botswana and northern South Africa were once controlled by
one of the early Shona States, known as the Torwa State.
This state dominated the area from the 10th-19th Centuries AD.
The settlement at Khami was the capital from the 15th-17th
Century before it was abandoned for sites to the northeast
around the modern site of Gweru.

Khami’s significance in the history of the area was fully

recognised when it was inscribed as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1986. A small site museum provides useful
background information to the site itself.

Matojeni / Matopos
The Matobo National Park forms the core of
the Matobo or Matopos Hills, an area of granite kopjes and
wooded valleys commencing some 35 kilometres (22 mi) south
of Bulawayo, southern Zimbabwe. The hills were formed over 2
billion years ago with granite being forced to the surface, this
has eroded to produce smooth "whaleback dwalas" and broken
kopjes, strewn with boulders and interspersed with thickets of
vegetation. Matopo/Matob was named by the Lozwi, who are
the ancestors of Kalanga. A different tradition states that the
first King , Mzilikazi Khumalo when told by the local residents
that the great granite domes were called madombo he replied ,

The Hills cover an area of about 3100 km² (1200 sq mi), of

which 424 km² (164 sq mi) is National Park, the remainder
being largely communal land and a small proportion of
commercial farmland. The park extends along
the Thuli, Mtshelele, Maleme and Mpopoma river valleys. Part
of the national park is set aside as a 100 km² (39 sq mi) game
park, which has been stocked with game including the
white rhinoceros. The highest point in the hills is the
promontory named Gulati (1549 m; 5082 ft) just ou
The different types of materials used for construction of shelter
for different times/eras