5 Bete CHUONG 1; CAU TRUC TINH THE : Cau tie Linh th —=—S=a.. (usp xép cae nguyen tk} GV:TS. NGUYEN VAN DONG j-Liat.mang va phucng mang} ——— NOt somang Gah the thidag— ic i 3 2 ‘Don tinh thé (single crystal): | | Ba tinh thé (polycrystal): cde nguyén tit sip xép g6m cdc ddn tinh thé trit tf trong toain b6 kich thuéc nhé dinh kh6ng gian (trat xa) || hung ng&u nhién Vie ligu két tin: ‘Cac nguyén tir sip xép tun hon trong kh6ng gian Vé tigu vo dinh hinl vic nguyén tir sip xép khong, -uan hoa trong khong gianTS NGUYEN VAN DONG s a eo > Pha ein due hinh thinh kh ve hot gita eée nguyén ui hose cée phin tir di manh 48 thing duige ce Iye phin ly (do ahiet, 609 hoe...) > Trong chat rén, e4e nguyén tt hose phi tt e6 khuyah hung siip x€p d€ dat d6 ttt cao 146i xing) > Thy thude bin chit eda Iyc 1én két gitta cée nguyén ti, cée chit rén e6 thé chia thank ¥ Tinh thé ion ¥ Tink thé cng hia ti ¥ Tinh thé kim loai ¥ Tink thé Van der Waals (NaCl, Cus0) (Kim ewsng, SiO.) (Fe, K) (Nube dé, He en.) 1 Nouv viv DONG a eo > Mang king gian Ia sr phi ba chidu, wong 46 ede nguyén ti (hoge phn ti) duye néi v6i nhau bing cde dicing shang. in khung tin thé trong khdng gian > Gian dif cia cfc ding thing due goi i mit mang. M mang dda dpe hao quan ging nha > O casi la shé hign iia céu trie tinh thé vi sy fap a ep ai cia nb $B 40 ‘én tinh thé, TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 6 a eo Cafu tre tinh thé Ia sy sip xépeiia exe nguyen ti hode phan tt trong tinh thé Mat do sip xép cla cic he c6 trat tr iii Ou trie tinh thé = mang tinh thé + co s6 Ps xcuvenvivoinc ' es he 8 co sé ny ip fp a wong Khang giana to tanh mang tinh tbPRs NouvEN vin DONG ee Pee EL emek Otel Seas csc PL re sciven viv vi. oe LEO Eco Rek Ce > Cée nguyen tt & nhiing vit Khe nau trong 6 mang due chia sé bi ning 6 mang liénké: ¥ Nguyen tif d gée thuge vé 8 6 mang khée nhau (mdi mang chita 1/8 nguyen ti. = ¥ Nauyén ti nim trén mdi canh thuge v8 4.6 mang khée nhat (abi 6 mang chita 1/4 nguyén ti. ¥ Nauyén tit nim tren moi mat thuge v8 2.6 mang khée nhat (abi 6 mang ehifa 12 nguyéa ti. Nac i maerte inate 10 eo XS ol SDdmek sched ass WIEN pres > 0 co sir dutge ky higu trong khong gian Oxyz véi: ¥ 3 canh laa, b,c ¥ 360 lia, Brya eo ¥ Phong i héduge xe dah ue we ton 5 Nia phuomg king gua cto 0 8x dah phen song soe gu abe fond. Tn phaomg cage gp bing cich chuyén toad diém v8 nguyen toms fing nbo nba. Vid (02 1). [101] poy 4 a er 7 0 a Per xcivevvivoinc Is es > Dé ky higu cae mat mang tong tinh thé ngudi ta ding chi so Miller > ‘Trong tinh thé, tét cd cfc mat song song vdi nhaw éu wong dung hay éng bit nén 6 cing chi s6 Miller whut wha. es a eo suo, vd di tno ey, > Vid: mit ABC ct cd rve xy 2 tae m ABs Cbd i ng Ong ay, 218, 28, ChE wi 0. be sa ie gta St ABC woe EN. 218 1,28 » > Lip i tr mie i ie te yt a ag 22904 92 > Nin cle pia 46 vib chime ni wht cin 02233 tome gk ‘Ns mie phog song ng ley (tg idm) eb ag Og Ng 0, ¥ N6sghodiéodind phinincianyemsehisim — cyisb iter ARE 33)PRs NouveN vin DONG 1 Ms NauveN vin DONG is AT ann bay MorsoxymeuMaTMANG | om pe 2 am lon 1 2A La khodng céch lap lal cua he, mt phing Dp fen = 20 ~ H@ lap phuong — tae ira ¥ H@ tie phurong: He trye giao: * Higu sé duéng di gia tia I vé tia 2= 2d.sind * Diéu kién nhiéu xa: nA = 2d.sin®TS NGUYEN VAN DONG PR TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 2 Of oe eo nA = diy sind, YD: Cho bite x9 Cu K, (= 1.54 A) CU se trén mgt dy j= 2.22 A gartatsing) (ash a sara] Shoe tm Tt = PHUONG: 1) 035 | 207° |Bgc 1 (110) wero ; Bie2(110)] apr A= 2d srnury Sin 8] [2] 29 | 99" lige ce phen nora) | se A=2dyy sind | 3 sf rye 1001 zi rer boo > = (UT Be PB rcrevivnine 2 Be ncurenviv Dive AT a ee ne eye Pane we TaM TA Soe = f ttPAs Nouven vin DONG 25 TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 6 24ST +B trong bat dién oP © tréng ti dién 1 Nouv viv DONG 27 Be ncureviv vive 28 a eo eo 2 Che tiéu phi tg (cing higng eve nen tinh thé 06 xu hudng sp xp dc hit nat w), > Nhitng tigu phan cing bain kin 6 hai kigu sp x€p dBc khit nhtt trong khéng gian I Lop thi tv sé Kip Iai vi ti nm Chu ky skp xép 1a ba ep (lop teen [dp thit nhit, Chu kj sip tht ba nim trén lép thit nha) xép la 1.23,1.23. fella Lip shure dSckt-FCC te pang Ae it —H1CP : BS du tric lap phuong au tric luc phuong thuimg gap 6 cic kim loai nhw thu’ng g§p & cdc kim logi Ag, ic Kt (ep) ‘je ht hep) Be, Co, Mg, Zn, hofec He & nhigt Al, Au, Ca, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, PL. 4 thip.PRs NouvEN vin DONG 2» eo Lepr nndt Lepine nai He. Fee Per xcivevvivoinc au eo bs iy aaa PRs NouvEN vin DONG 0 Lye phixong HOP Lie phwong tim don Foe oe fa a=2r v2a=4r 3a =4r L§p phuong. L§p phuong Lip phong don gian se tim cign fee tim khéi beePR TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 33 TS NGUYEN vin DONG SAR aM ‘The tich 6 mang a a as S6 nguyen ti nguyen ven 7 fe trong mot 6 mang . Khoiing cach dén Lin edn gin a 28 ss nat tha nba 2r) v2 Sé'1an cn gin nha thi nhit 6 8 12 Khosing eich dé lin ef 5 sein nit thet hai a2 a a S6 lin cfm gin mbit thet hat 20 cil c Pr curEn Hiv DONG 3ST NauTEN viv Dine ‘Védys Hay xe dinh mit dB de khit(PD: Packing Density) cia ee We Isp phuting tim thé SC; BCC, FCC, HCP gi sit ede nguyen ti duse xem nint ahtig qui ed efag, Gidi: vei Boe ‘Thi ich efe nguyen trong 6 man pp = Thétich ef nzuyén ti trorg 6 mang 19 Thé tich 6 mang a Wi = 8-668 6 co sie6 2 nguyen tr vi thé ich inh eu ser®/3 2xde/3 PO Caras = 0/68 = 68% paaAveenins38 TS NGUYEN VAN DONG PRs NouvEN vin DONG a - Céu trie lye phuong cia ion , ion Zn?” niim trong 15 tring tir aA) A) uefa ign cita ion S* Zn0 3.2495 $2069 0.345 1.602 b=3.82 A=382 pm ZoS 3811 6234 1.636 c= (26A=626 pm. ZnSe «3.98 1641 + ZnTe 427 1.637 BcO —-2.698 4380 (0.378 CUS 4.1348 67590 CdSe 4.30 MnS 3976 MnSe 4.12a eo eo > Ban kinh ion eiia Ca* li 1,12A; cita ion Fl 1.31; tig bin inh 18 0,85. > S6 phoi tri ciia Ca* la 8, cn $6 phéi tri etia F* 14 ¥ Cie ion Ca? chiém phan nia s6 15 tebng bat dign ¥ Cie ion F chim tte cc 1 rng tr én SP excurenrivniNc eo wa “a > Chu trie tie phacong — a= b= 45944 5.4626 PbO, 5.349 = 29584 5.800 CeO; SAL10 69767 Pro2 5392 + Titai vj tri 0, 0,0) 62001 ThO, 5600 + Oral vé7i (0.3053, 0.3053, 0) 53895 UO, 5.372 5.5373 NpO; 5836 PuO; 5940 AmOz ¥ Ci chit c6 cing ed tie CrOs, GeO, IrOs, PbO», Ru;PR TS NGUYEN Vin DONG ce eo Anatase § Pts xcuren viv pinc ss eo Mesoporous carbon W FDU-IS b/ FDU-16 PR TS NGUYEN Vin DONG Ed © tw amend futeene ‘merphous Carbon Pts xcuren viv pinc s6 eo Phin log cd trie sitiat + Silleat dio Vone tetrahedron) -[S1O,}* nh olivin, + Silica ito hep (21 dn) = [S,0,) nh epi, shim mit hr hm tourmain, (Si,0,.P* nhu nhdm pyroxen. + Sileat mgeh Bi [iO whe hon armphibol + Siieat lip -[Si,0,.} nu nhbm mica vi sé leat Kung - (Al, ah thgc sn,PR TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 7 eo Pyroxen— Amphibol Mica PB rcrevivninc ” Saar eee (Mg, Fe),SiO0, See = PR TS NGUYEN VAN DUNG st es ee a fois [inti ena SO [aia pp ati: fee i Innes — [aac [0.7 | apse ows Pines [eee [S 04° rte ca Testis [SD Seoorak [AS lapets lier si 2 «3. -eQe eGeQe oG-d-PRs NouvEN vin DONG ol TS NGUYEN vin DONG or 2a Mirosope srt of zeote yon) framework, assembled ‘tom terahocra, Sodium preset at an oxts-famenork cation grea) Ps xcuvenvivoinc 6 ee ncuren viv vive “ > bi voi ee oxt pit tap, hich thu vi phi tf cia ee fon phi eS sir * ng 9 ip in Bb hy chu ci ch tr tin * > Tuy nin wong tht, kd ng eh itu hig v8 hich the 6 pi . ine sin ain ce mite yc ea ca tee. Ching, rane ch 4 tric perovskite, néu dp img dave ya cu cu tic thi ta phic: “ a= 2 (tyro = WNDU +r) = VEira tr) cute a8, so, ano, i > Ac bin kh thing kin hon B > Tromg dating sSimang vty told bin 1 > Thong mb mang oo st chic peovakite ABO, ot phn inh on cit A,B, O. Kid, Khang ich 4 —_ tung cho ede cation A, B phai dap Eng bi >» Getto" vice spn gc ni yp. im ae tring bit din syne inc ion Ov 88 pit i 6, Ca™ oa e 6 ph tr 12 di vai OF a= ryt ro) =VUryt ry) Zyy DONG 6s |. Tuy nig, hin kink on tong ning hop chit Ke haw King ph lh i huge wo sy phi ttrong hap chitd. Vi viy cn dua vio bi thie tren ge ‘hs uch oi i dung six ca ei re prow: Retry ro) = Blea + ro) 2. bide cha hg ‘Theo bin kinh Golds +0. bién dang rv tho (ortherombic 1709-0095 bin dang vung ping gent) 0.95 1,0 te ip pg (cb) +> 100 ign dangle phuxmg hexagons “Tho bia inh Shannon — Presi 0.9 +<1,0 eu whe Kp ptuons cubic) 090i > 1 lu ribdn dang a eo Spinel (since la Khodng ¢5 cng thre MgA,O, (magnesium alumina), Cong the bia hoe chung eia ce hop eit e6 cfu tie spinel 1k AB.O,, wong {5 A va B abe cation Khe nhan Wi ia Hic nou Va bn Kin trom «adn nha (ng tong khodng 6 ~ 80pm) rong mi 6 mang co si eda eu eric spine! e6 8 phn tr AB,O, (AB,O) (Cai kid cd respi: spine hung (diect hoje normal spine! ) vi spinel nghich (inverse spinel) ETT orn 2 3 Fst0, Fe,0,CoFe.0, Fe, FeCrS, 4 TiFe0, 6 NasWO, a es Ba®* nim 6 dinh Tit nim 6 gitta O* nim 6 cae mat o oy Per xcivevvivoinc “ eo Normal spinels A,(M),.X, Inverse Spinels MA,.M.., 9, spinel, MgA,O, 9. magneite Fe .0, e e e@«a eo + Ging thie AB, Oy, tong dong, vi A|B,IO,(the0 qui use, eon €o,0,:¢6 cfu trie spinel thuémg, trong dé ion OF sip xép lip ‘phuong de Knit, ion Co!chiém 15 ting bit din, ion CoP hiém 18 ‘nding tr dign. > Fey0, 06 citi spinel ngue, rong dd ion O cing ip xép lip ‘Phuong dic khit, hung ion Fe?” ai chiém 18 tréng bat dién, cn mot ‘ia sb ion Fe chin 15 tring i dign va mt na chin 15 tng bit ign, TS NGUYEN VAN DONG 0 a eo +320 > 8 Fo(il): tir dign > 8 Foil) + 8 Fo(ll): bat dign a eo ae djnh hing so mang a ciia i va Cr 6 nhigt 4 phong? Vai Ni: AW = 58,7 g/mol; p = 8,90 g/em* edu trie FCC (n = 4 nguyén tit/0 mang) (58,7 gam/mob 4 nguyen tivo mang) 1.6 8,90 ganvem® Y(6,023x10* nguyen ti/mol) emt =4,38x 10% ms > a 3,8 x 1019 = 3,60 x 107m,PR TSNGUYEN Vin DONG B 2a ‘Xie djnh hing s6 mang a cia a eo vi Cr 6 nhigt 9 phing? VE mt 6 mang fee a) Tinh s6 nguyén tir nguyén ven trong 6 mang nay > Voice b) Vé mat (110) AW = 52 g/mol p = 7,19 g/cm? edu trie BOC (n= 2 nguyén tit/o mang) ao =__(52,0gam/mol) 2 nguyén tit mang) _— SE ee 2 ae ane 7,19 gam/em* )(6,023 x 10 nguyén tit/mol) om a = 24x 102m? > a = (24x 10%) 2,89 x 10° m. lon 2S a eo Mot kim logl c6 cau tric BCC vél hang s6 meng a =3.31 Ava kn6\ lugng tléng 164 g/cm, Xéc dinh khél lugng nguyén 10 Tinh mét a6 matt phéng (56 nguyén til fom?) cto cde nguyen td Cu frén ho mat 1170} cua mot don inh thé Cu (agoa! rd gis th bn kin ng phan logi guyén 10, c6 thé sti dung cde gi Mi khée trong, tuén hoan ede nguyen 16 hoa hee), Cu: kh6i lnong nguyén tir 63,546; kind ong rng 8,98 glom?, cbu trie fee 63.548 _ 335° = = 362% 10-8 om = 2 atoms; [/2 x (3.62 x 19-12] = 361 x 10 nl 108 5107? atoms/m= cla nguyen i nay? Gia: Kim logi c6 e6iu tric BCC, nguyén tt / 6 mang. a=331R=331%10m p= 166g/em! AW 104 Baa? P n “a = (6.023% 10" nguyen timod(3,31x10"" mp)" x 16,6 ganvem’ (2 nguyén tit mangy10% mem") has AW = 181,3 g/mol6 100 °C, déng c6 hang sé mang Ia 3,655 A. Tinh khéi lugng riéng cia déng 6 nhiét a6 nay? Cucé cou tic FCC, vay_n= Anguyén ti! / 6 mang a =3,655R = 3,655x 10m, AW 0 AW = 6355 gam/mol = 5X10 = p= (3:85 gam/mob(4 nguyén ti/6 mang) (6,023x 10" nguyén tifmol)\(3,655x10"" m>) p = 8,64 gam/em*