IB Biology Notes - 2.

2 Prokaryotic cells

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1 Statisical Analysis
Working with data Prokaryotic cells
2 Cells
2.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the ultrasructure of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an example of a
Cell theory
Prokaryotic cells
prokaryote. 
Eukaryotic cells
Membranes
Cell division

3 Chemical elements and water

Chemical elements & water
Carbohydrates, lipids & proteins
Dna structure
Dna replication
Transcription & translation
Enzymes
Cell respiration
Photosynthesis

4 Genetics
Chromosomes, genes, alleles & mutations
Meiosis
Theoretical genetics
Genetic engineering & biotechnology

5 Ecology and evolution

Communities & ecosystems
The greenhouse effect
Populations
Evolution
Classification

6 Human health and physiology

Digestion
The transport system
Defence against infectious disease 2.2.2 Annotate the diagram from 2.2.1 with the functions of each named sructure. 
Gas exchange
Nerves, hormones & homeostasis Cell wall: Protects the cell from the outside environment and maintains the shape of the cell. It also prevents the cell
Reproduction from bursting if internal pressure rises. 
7 Nucleic acids and proteins
Dna structure Plasma membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that controls the substances moving into and out of the cell. It contains
Dna replication integral and peripheral proteins. Substances pass through by either active or passive transport.

http://ibguides.com/biology/notes/2.2-prokaryotic-cells[10/8/2018 12:05:41 PM]

IB Biology Notes - 2.2 Prokaryotic cells

Transcription
Translation Cytoplasm: Contains many enzymes used to catalyze chemical reactions of metabolism and it also contains the DNA in a
Proteins region called the nucleoid. Ribosomes are also found in the cytoplasm. 
Enzymes
Pili: Help bacteria adhere to each other for the exchange of genetic material. 
8 Cell respiration and
photosynthesis Flagella (singular flagellum): Made of a protein called flagellin. Helps bacteria move around by the use of a motor
Cell respiration protein that spins the flagellum like a propeller.
Photosynthesis

9 Plant science Ribosomes: They are the site of protein synthesis. Contributes to protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA.
Plant structure & growth
Transport in angiospermophytes Nucleoid: Region containing naked DNA which stores the hereditary material (genetic information) that controls the cell
Reproduction in angiospermophytes and will be passed on to daughter cells.

2.2.3 Identify sructures from 2.2.1 in electron micrographs of E. coli. 

10 Genetics
Meiosis
Dihybrid crosses & gene linkage
Polygenic inheritance

2.2.4 State that prokaryotic cells divide by binary fssion. 

Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction involving the splitting of the
parent organism into two separate organisms.

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