R.M.K.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
RSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai – 601 206

Question Bank for the Units – I & II

SE00 5th Semester – B.E. / B.Tech.

BR00 Electronics and Communication Engineering

SU00 OMD551 – Basics of Biomedical Instrumentation

CO1# Learn the different bio potential and its propagation.

CO2# Familiarize the different electrode placement for various physiological recording

CO3# Design bio amplifier for various physiological recording

CO4# Understand various technique non electrical physiological measurements

CO5# Learn about different bio-chemical electrodes

CO6# Understand different biochemical measurements

Part-A (10 x 2 = 20 Marks) K CO S

Le Level /
vel A

1. What is resting potential of a cell? Give typical values. K2 CO1 S

1. Differentiate action potential and resting potential. K2 CO1 A

1. At resting potential of a cell, why the inside of a cell is negatively charged? K4 CO1 A

1. Draw the action potential waveform. K2 CO1 S

1. What is an action potential? K2 CO1 S

2. What are Bioelectric potentials? K1 CO1 S

2. What are the origins of bio potential? K1 CO1 S

2. Define net height of action potential K1 CO1 S

2. What is ohmic over potential? K1 CO1 S

2. What is concentration over potential and activation over potential? K2 CO1 S

3. State Repolarization. K1 CO1 S

3. Define Half potential K1 CO1 A

3. Differentiate depolarisation and repolarisation? K2 CO1 A

3. Differentiate unipolar and bipolar electrode? K2 CO1 A

3. What is meant by perfectly polarised and non perfectly polarised electrode? K2 CO1 A

4. Give the Nernst equation for electrode potential. K1 CO1 S

4. Define all or nothing law K1 CO1 S

4. What is meant by nerve conduction rate? K1 CO1 A

4. Distinguish absolute and relative refractory period? K2 CO1 S

4. What is electrode and electrolyte? K2 CO2 A

5. What are the types of electrodes? K2 CO2 A

5. What is the drawback of suction electrode? K2 CO2 S

5. What is the purpose of electrode paste? K1 CO2 A

5. Define artifacts K2 CO2 S

5. What are the recording problems while measuring the bio electric potentials? K2 CO2 A

6. Compare the signal characteristics of ECG K2 CO3 S

6. Give the EMG signal characteristics K2 CO3 S

6. Justify the use of Einthoven triangle K3 CO3 S

6. Demonstrate the various EEG signals with amplitude and frequencies. K2 CO3 S

6. What are the types of blood vessels? K2 CO3 S

7. Define EEG K1 CO3 S

7. What are the types of lead system in ECG? K2 CO3 A

7. Discuss the use of defibrillator protection circuit K2 CO3 S

7. What are the applications of EEG? K2 CO3 S

7. What is epilepsy? K1 CO3 S

8. What is RAS? K1 CO3 A

 8. Define IPSP and EPSP K1 CO3 A

8. Define depth recording K1 CO3 A

8. Define EMG and list out the types of electrodes used in EMG K2 CO3 A

8. List out the applications of EMG K2 CO3 A

9. Draw the structure of brain K2 CO3 S

9. What are the important parts in brain? K2 CO3 S

9. What are the lobes in hemisphere? K2 CO3 A

9. Define evoked potential K1 CO3 A

9. What is event related potential? K1 CO3 A

10. What are the EEG recording modes? K2 CO3 A

10. Differentiate unipolar and bipolar mode in EEG? K2 CO3 A

10. What is meant by Wilson mode? K2 CO3 A

10. What is average mode? K1 CO3 A

10. What are the modes used in EEG? K2 CO3 A

Part – B ( 5 x 13 = 65 Marks)

11.a. (i) Draw the action potential waveform and explain the origin of biopotential. (8) K2 CO1 S
(ii) Explain the characteristics of resting potential with reference to Goldman’s
and Nernst equation. (5)

11.a. (i) Discuss the events that generate half cell potential across an electrode- K2 CO1 S
electrolyte interface. Also draw electrical equivalent circuit of the interface. (10)
(ii)Discuss about the Sodium pump process. (3)

11.a. (i) Draw the action potential waveform and explain the following terms. K2 CO1 S
(i)Resting potential (ii) Equilibrium Potential (iii)Absolute refractory period (iv)
Relative refractory period. (6)
(ii)Discuss about the propagation of action potential. (7)

11.a. (i) Explain in detail about polarized cell and depolarized cell with neat diagram K2 CO1 S
and suitable waveform. (9)
 (ii) Discuss about Equilibrium transmembrane potential with expression. (4)

11.a. (i) Explain the basic structure of cell and the origin of biopotential. (10) K2 CO1 S
(ii) Discuss about the GHK formulation. (3)

11.b. Classify and explain bio-potential electrodes with neat diagram. (13) K2 CO2 S

11.b. Describe the usage of the various types of electrodes used to measure K2 CO1 S
biopotentials. (13)

11.b. (i) Explain the types of metal plate electrodes K2 CO2 A

(ii) Discuss about suction electrode and write the drawback of it.

11.b. (i) Describe the types of electrodes. (6) K2 CO2 A

(ii) Explain about flexible electrode and give the equivalent circuit of surface
electrode (7)

11.b. (i) Explain about flexible electrode and give the equivalent circuit of surface K2 CO2 A
electrode (10)
(ii) What are the types of electrode based on area? (3)

12.a. (i) Discuss the types of needle electrodes with its equivalent circuit (10) K2 CO2 A
(ii) Explain about the recording problems (3)

12.a. (i) What is meant by needle electrode? Explain its types? (10) K2 CO2 A
(ii) What are the problems arising during recording of ECG signals in medical
field? (3)

12.a. (i) Give the applications of needle electrode and mention the types of it. (10) K2 CO2 A
(ii) Discuss about thermal noise and amplifier noise problems during recording
of ECG signal. (3)

12.a. (i) Differentiate insulated needle electrode and coaxial needle electrode . (6) K2 CO2 A
(ii) Discuss about fine wire electrode. Give the cross sectional view of skin and
muscle showing coiled fine wire electrode in place (7)

12.a. Draw the equivalent circuit of needle electrode and explain its types (13) K2 CO2 A

12.b. (i)Give short notes on micro electrodes (7) K2 CO2 A

(ii)Explain the micro electrodes based on microelectronic technology (6)

12.b. Explain in detail about why the tip of micro electrodes very small in diameter K2 CO2 A
and explain it with neat diagram. (13)

12.b. Discuss about (i) metal micro electrode (6) K2 CO2 A

(ii) micro pipette electrode (7)

12.b. Discuss in detail about the electrical properties of micro electrodes with K2 CO2 A
 equivalent circuit. Also explain the electrode tip placed within a cell shows the
origin of distributed capacitance (13)

12.b. (i) Give short notes on structures of two supported metal micro electrodes (6) K2 CO2 S
(ii) Describe about a glass micropipette electrode filled with an electrolytic
solution. (7)

13.a. (i) Draw and explain ECG waveform. Explain 12 lead system used in ECG. (8) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Explain ECG recording setup. (5)

13.a. Draw an ECG waveform labeling the critical features. Include typical amplitude K2 CO3 S
and time interval for a normal person. With neat diagrams explain the 20 lead
systems in ECG with suitable diagrams. Explain ECG recording setup.
(13)

13.a. Draw an Electrocardiogram waveform labeling the critical features. Include K2 CO3 S
typical amplitude and time interval for a normal person. With neat diagrams
explain the 12 lead systems with suitable diagrams. Explain ECG recording setup
(13)

13.a. (i) With neat diagram discuss about bipolar lead system (8) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Discuss the use of defibrillator protection circuit in ECG recording (5)

13.a. (i) Discuss the types of augmented unipolar limb lead system (8) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Give the diagram and discuss about ECG recording method (5)

13.b. Compare all the bio electric signals with their characteristics (13) K2 CO3 S

13.b. Discuss in detail about the frequency and amplitude ranges of bio signals (13) K2 CO3 S

13.b. Tabulate the characteristics of bio electric signals (13) K2 CO3 A

13.b. Mention the types of bio electric signals and also explain the types of electrodes K2 CO3 A
used in each bio signal measurement. Give its frequency and amplitude ranges.
(13)

13.b. Discuss about the bio signals characteristics and compare it. (13) K2 CO3 A

14.a. Discuss about the cross section of heart with neat diagram. (13) K2 CO3 A

14.a. Explain the importance of chambers of heart with neat diagram. (13) K2 CO3 A

14.a. (i) Discuss in detail about unipolar chest lead in ECG. (3) K2 CO3 A
(ii) Give the origin of cardiac action potential. (10)

14.a. With neat diagram describe the parts of heart and explain its function. (13) K2 CO3 A
14.a. (i) What is tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve (3) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Draw a diagram of cross section of heart and explain it in detail (10)

14.b. Explain in detail about EMG with recording system (13) K2 CO3 S

14.b. (i) Define Electromyogram and give its applications (3) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Give the diagram of SMU and explain the recording system(10)

14.b. (i) Explain about Measurement of conduction velocity in motor nerves in EMG. K2 CO3 S
(8)
(ii) Discuss about EMG waveforms (5)

14.b. (i) Give the applications of EMG (3) K2 CO3 S

(ii) How will you record EMG signal and explain with neat diagram. (10)

14.b. (i) What are the electrodes used to measure EMG (5) K2 CO3 S
(ii) Discuss in detail about EMG recording system (8)

15.a. (i) Draw the equivalent circuits of all types of electrodes (7) K2 CO2 S
(ii) How to measure bio potential using two electrodes (6)

15.a. (i) Explain the measurement of potential difference between 2 electrodes with K2 CO2 S
neat diagram (6)
(ii) Give the equivalent circuit of surface electrode. (7)

15.a. With neat diagram explain how to measure bio potential using two electrodes. K2 CO2 S
(13)

15.a. Compare the equivalent circuit of all 3 electrodes and explain the importance of 3 K2 CO2 S
electrodes. (13)

15.a. Write short notes on measurement of bio potential with two electrodes. (13) K2 CO2 A

15.b. Differentiate Electroencephalogram and Electroencephalograph. Also explain the K2 CO3 A

structure of brain. (13)

15.b. Explain in detail about the anatomy of brain. (13) K2 CO3 A

15.b. With neat diagram explain the parts of brain of our body. (13) K2 CO3 A

15.b. (i) Discuss the different lobes in hemisphere of brain (5) K2 CO3 A
(ii) Draw the structure of brain and explain it (8)

15.b. (i) Explain the action potentials of the brain (6) K2 CO3 A
(ii) Give the short notes on anatomy of brain (7)
 Part – C ( 1 x 15 = 15 Marks)

16.a. How will you measure the total potential ? Express this total potential in the form K3 CO1 A
of equation. (15)

16.a. Discuss about polarization potential of electrode using formula. Also explain all K3 CO1 A
the terms with definition (15)

16.a. Explain the measurement of total potential Vp. Discuss all types of potentials in K3 CO1 A
this expression (15)

16.a. Discuss the overall potential in terms of half cell, ohmic, concentration and K3 CO1 A
activation potentials. (15)

16.a. Explain about Total potential using equation (15) K3 CO1 A

16.b. Explain the electrode placement system used to record the signals for the K2 CO3 S
diagnosis of Brain diseases. Also explain the recording setup with a neat block
diagram. (15)

16.b. Signals from the human scalp are widely used to study cognitive and brain K2 CO3 S
functions in schizophrenia. Explain the 10-20 electrode placement system used to
record that signals. Also explain the recording setup with a neat block diagram.
(15)

16.b. Draw the waveform with its characteristics used to study the functioning of K2 CO3 S
brain. Explain the 10-20 electrode placement system used to record that signals.
Also explain the recording setup with a neat block diagram. (15)

16.b. Explain a method to record the electrical activity of the brain and the electrode K2 CO3 S
placement system used. (15)

16.b. Explain a method to record voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current K2 CO3 S
within the neurons of the brain. Also explain the electrode placement system.
(15)