NAME: SWAPNIL PATEL

ROLL NO.: 69

CLASS: FY-BBA-ITM

SUBJECT: CLIMATE CHANGE & SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC: BIOPESTICIDES
 BIOPESTICIDES

A contraction of 'biological pesticide', include several types of pest

management intervention: through predatory, parasitic, or chemical relationships.
The term has been associated historically with biological pesticides–
and by implication, the manipulation of living organisms.
Regulatory positions can be influenced by public perceptions,
thus:
 in the EU, biopesticides have been defined as "a form of pesticide based
on micro-organisms or natural products".
 the US EPA states that they "include naturally occurring substances that control pests
(biochemical pesticides), microorganisms that control pests (microbial pesticides), and
pesticidal substances produced by plants containing added genetic material (plant-
incorporated protectants) or PIPs".

They are obtained from organisms including plants, bacteria and other microbes, fungi,
nematodes, etc. They are often important components of integrated pest
management (IPM) programmes, and have received much practical attention as
substitutes to synthetic chemical plant protection products (PPPs).

Biopesticides can be classified into these classes:

 Microbial pesticides which consist of bacteria, entomopathogenic fungi or viruses

(and sometimes includes the metabolites that bacteria or fungi produce).
Entomopathogenic nematodes are also often classed as microbial pesticides,
even though they are multi-cellular.
  Bio-derived chemicals. Four groups are in commercial use: pyrethrum, rotenone,
neem oil, and various essential oils are naturally occurring substances that control
(or monitor in the case of pheromones) pests and microbial diseases.

 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) have genetic material from other species

incorporated into their genetic material (i.e. GM crops). Their use is controversial,
especially in many European countries.

 RNAi pesticides, some of which are topical and some of which are absorbed by
the crop.
Biopesticides have usually no known function in photosynthesis, growth or
other basic aspects of plant physiology. Instead, they are active against biological pests.
Many chemical compounds have been identified that are produced by plants to protect
them from pests so they are called antifeedants. These materials are biodegradable and
renewable alternatives, which can be economical for practical use. Organic farming
systems embraces this approach to pest control

APPLICATIONS :

Biopesticides are biological or biologically drived agents, that are usually applied in a

manner similar to chemical pesticides, but achieve pest management in
an environmentally friendly way. With all pest management products, but especially
microbial agents, effective control requires appropriate formulation and application
Biopesticides for use against crop diseases have already established themselves on a
variety of crops.
For example:
biopesticides already play an important role in controlling downy mildew
diseases. Their benefits include: a 0-Day Pre-Harvest Interval, the ability to use under
moderate to severe disease pressure, and the ability to use as a tank mix or in a
rotational program with other registered fungicides. Because some market studies
estimate that as much as 20% of global fungicide sales are directed at downy
mildew diseases, the integration of bio fungicides into grape production has substantial
benefits in terms of extending the useful life of other fungicides, especially those in the
reduced-risk category.

Biopesticides market research :

The market for agricultural biologicals will reach $19.5 billion by 2031 as predicted by
Market Research Company, IDTechEx in the report 'Biostimulants and Biopesticides 2021-2031:
Technologies, Markets and Forecasts
Examples :

Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacteria capable of causing disease of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and

Diptera, is a well-known insecticide example. The toxin from B. thuringiensis (Bt toxin) has been
incorporated directly into plants through the use of genetic engineering. The use of Bt Toxin is
particularly controversial. Its manufacturers claim it has little effect on other organisms, and is more
environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides.

Other microbial control agents include products based on:

entomopathogenic fungi (e.g. Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium and Metarhizium
spp.),
plant disease control agents: include Trichoderma spp. and Ampelomyces quisqualis (a hyper-
parasite of grape powdery mildew); Bacillus subtilis is also used to control plant pathogens.[4]
beneficial nematodes attacking insect (e.g. Steinernema feltiae) or slug (e.g. Phasmarhabditis
hermaphrodita) pests
entomopathogenic viruses (e.g.. Cydia pomonella granulovirus).
weeds and rodents have also been controlled with microbial agents.
Various naturally occurring materials, including fungal and plant extracts, have been described as
biopesticides. Products in this category include:

Insect pheromones and other semiochemicals

Fermentation products such as Spinosad (a macro-cyclic lactone)
Chitosan: a plant in the presence of this product will naturally induce systemic resistance (ISR) to
allow the plant to defend itself against disease, pathogens and pests.
Biopesticides may include natural plant-derived products, which include alkaloids, terpenoids,
phenolics and other secondary chemicals. Certain vegetable oils such as canola oil are known to have
pesticidal properties [citation needed]. Products based on extracts of plants such as garlic have now
been registered in the EU and elsewhere[citation needed].

Biopesticides are safe crop protection products

based on micro-organisms, plant extracts and other natural compounds and have a range of
attractive properties for integrated pest management (IPM). This is a page that was written as part of
the AMBER project (Application and Management of Biopesticides for Efficacy and Reliability),
funded by the UK Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. The project was established to
identify practical ways for growers to improve the performance of these products in their crop
protection programmes. This provides a brief overview of some of the benefits and challenges of
using biopesticides.

Benefits of using biopesticides include :

 In addition to controlling pests and diseases, they produce little toxic residue, and are of
minimal risk to human health.
 Many biopesticides have a zero or low re-entry and handling interval.
 Some microbial biopesticides can reproduce on or near to the target pest / disease, giving
some self-perpetuating control.
 As alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides, they can help reduce the selection
pressure for the evolution of pesticide resistance in pest populations.
 The risk of pests and disease developing resistance to biopesticides is often considered to be
low.

They often have good compatibility both with biological pest control agents (natural
enemies) and conventional chemical pesticides, so can be readily incorporated into IPM
programmes.
They can also be useful as a second line of defence or supplementary treatment.

Government Policies and Regulations in Biopesticides Market in India

 The Insecticides Act, 1968

 Mandatory Registration of Biopesticides
 Pesticides Management Bill, 2008
 Proposed Pesticides Management Bill, 2017
 Major Pesticides Testing Laboratories
 Focus On Make In India
 Customs Duty
 Integrated Pest Management at a Glance
 National Research Center for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM)
 Minimum Infrastructure Required for the Manufacturing of Biopesticides

Market Overview :

The Indian biopesticides market is projected to witness a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period
(2020-2025).

Increasing awareness regarding food safety, organic farming, and government subsidies are some
major factors driving the market for biopesticides in India. According to Fibl Statistics, the area under
organic cultivation in India was 1.5 million hectare in 2016, and this increased to 1.9 million hectare
in 2018.
The Indian biopesticides market is dominated by the bioinsecticides in 2019 and is projected to
remain the same during the forecast period. Wheat, cotton, and rice are the major crops cultivated in
the country. The sale of bioinsecticides related to these crops is expected to increase more than
other crop-based products.