ORAL HYGIENE

PRODUCTS
 UNIT OUTCOMES:
At the end of this unit, the students are expected to:
1. Demonstrate competence in the formulation of oral hygiene
products
2. Acquire knowledge and skills in classifying the different
approaches in caries prevention
3. Appreciate the importance of good oral hygiene towards
one’s health
 UNIT OUTLINE:

🡪 Definition of oral hygiene

🡪 Types of oral hygiene products
🡪 Purpose of oral hygiene
🡪 Fluoride toxicity
 CHECKLIST
● 🡪 Read unit outcomes.
● 🡪 Read study guide prior to class attendance.
● 🡪 Read required learning resources and watch
supplementary videos.
 CHECKLIST
🡪 Read unit outcomes.
🡪 Read study guide prior to class attendance.
🡪 Read required learning resources and watch
supplementary videos.
Watch these
Videos:
https://youtu.be/ClcDX-28G2s

https://youtu.be/Ge9WGTp5y3o
WHAT IS ORAL HYGIENE?
• Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and
teeth clean to prevent dental problems, most
commonly, dental cavities, gingivitis, periodontal
(gum) diseases and bad breath.
PURPOSE OF ORAL HYGIENE
• Thepurpose of oral hygiene is to prevent the buildup
of plaque, the sticky film of bacteria and food that
forms on the teeth.
• Plaqueadheres to the crevices and fissures of the
teeth and generates acids that, when not removed on
a regular basis, slowly eat away, or decay, the
protective enamel surface of the teeth, causing holes
(cavities) to form.
ANTICARIES AGENTS
• The formation of caries (tooth decay) is attributed
to the action of acids obtained from oral bacterial
metabolism of dietary carbohydrates. The buildup
of plaque on the tooth surface usually aids the
decay process by forming pockets or crevices on
the teeth surface.
• Brushing removes material from tooth before it
hardens into calculus
APPROACH TO CARIES
PREVENTION:
🡪 Flossing
🡪 Brushing

*accompanied by fluoride administration either given

internally or topically to the teeth
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
• TOOTH PASTE
• Brush with soft toothbrush for 2 minutes. No RINSING,
EATING, or DRINKING for 20 minutes.
• ORAL RINSE
• Rinse two times a day with a capful. Rinse for 1 minute
and spit. If used in conjunction with the toothpaste use the
rinse first then brush.
• MOUTH SPRAY
• Spray directly into mouth whenever relief is needed.
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
DRY MOUTH GUM
• Can help to stimulate saliva flow for relief of dry mouth.
Chewing regularly can help freshen breath and leave your
mouth feeling clean and fresh.
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
FLUORIDE GEL
• Prescribed high-concentrated topical agent (1-2%)
intended either for professional applications in
plastic/disposal trays 2- 4 times per year or self-applied
with aid of a toothbrush once or twice per week. The
formulations are based on sodium fluoride, acidulated
phosphate fluoride or amine fluoride. The gels are
flavored but contain no abrasive cleaning agents or
preservatives.
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
• CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE
• It is a tooth whitener, carbamide peroxide, a mild anti-septic, also called urea
hydrogen peroxide, perhydrite, hyperol, or perhydol, is an addition complex
of hydrogen peroxide with urea, which has a mild effect.
• On contact with saliva, carbamide peroxide dissociates to hydrogen peroxide
(34%) & urea.
• Haywood and Heymann introduced bleaching of teeth with 10% carbamide
peroxide gels placed in custom-built trays to be worn by patients at night for 2-6
weeks.
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
FLOSS THREADER
• Use approximately 16 inches of dental floss. Pull 4 to 5 inches of floss through the
loop of the threader. Pass floss threader through space between teeth or under
appliance. Remove floss from floss threader and begin normal flossing.

• Use with your preferred dental floss.

•
• The GUM Soft-Picks Teeth Cleaners gently massage and stimulate the gums for
long-term health. The GUM soft picks can also be used to remove food particles
stuck between your teeth.
ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
• WATER FLOSSER
• The Waterpik Ultra Water Flosser (WP-100) is clinically
proven to be 2x as effective as string floss at improving
gum health.
• Removes 99.9% of plaque from treated areas, and is 3x
as effective as string floss for cleaning around braces.
DENTAL FLUOROSIS
• “mottled enamel”
• too much fluoride present in the tissue fluids
• teeth is chalky and soft
• occurs in areas where the fluoride concentration of drinking water exceeds 2
ppm
• only
occurs during excessive ingestion of fluoride during the period of teeth
development
LETHAL ADULT DOSE OF FLUORIDE: 2-5 g
FLUORIDE’S ACTION IN
INHIBITING CARIES
a)Fluoride decreases the solubility of enamel in acid
b)Fluoride has enzyme inhibitory properties

• Oralroute places fluoride into systemic circulation

allowing fluoride to laid down in unerupted teeth as
they are formed.
•The most convenient dosage form is “fluoridation of
the public water supply”.
•Done by adding sodium fluoride or a fluorosilicate,
with concentration of
0.7 to 1 ppm.
•Equivalent to 2.2 mg of NaF based on a person’s
water intake of six 6- oz glasses of water.
SODIUM FLOURIDE USP XX
PROPERTIES:
• Occurs as a white, odorless powder which is
soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol
USES:
• Officially used as dental prophylactic
• 2% aqueous solution is widely used topically. Usual
procedure is a series of 4 treatments: beginning at the
age of 3; ages 7, 11 and 13 as the permanent teeth
erupts
STANNOUS FLUORIDE USP XX
SYNONYM: Tin Diflouride

PROPERTIES:
•Stannous fluoride occurs as a white crystalline
powder and has a bitter salty taste. It melts at about
213 degrees Celsius;
•Freely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, ether and
chloroform
STANNOUS FLUORIDE USP
XX
USES:
• extensively used for topical fluoride application
• A simple application of a freshly prepared 8%
solution at 6 to 12 months intervals is used
• it requires only 1 application per treatment as
compared to a series of 4 application per
treatment of NaF
• solution is applied to a cleaned, dry teeth.
DENTIFRICES
❖ PUMICE USP XX
SYNONYMS: Pumice Stone; Piedra Pomez
PROPERTIES:
• substance of volcanic origin; consisting chiefly of complex
silicates of aluminum, potassium and sodium
• occurs as very light, hard, rough, porous grayish masses, or
as a gritty gray powder
DENTIFRICES
❖ PUMICE USP XX
PROPERTIES:
• Pumice is odorless and tasteless; stable
in air; practically insoluble in water and is
not attacked by acids.
GRADES OF FINENESS:
1. Pumice flour or superfine
2. Fine Pumice
3. Coarse pumice

USE: Dental Abrasive

FLUORIDE TOXICITY
❑ ACUTE SYSTEMIC TOXICITY
• FLUORIDE TOXICITY
• Maximum Permitted Concentration of Fluoride in
toothpaste for
• OTC sales – 0.15%
• Pharmacies – 1.3%
• The Probable Toxic Dose (PTD) of fluoride, 5 mg F/kg of
body weight.
• SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
• Package size & especially, fluoride contents be controlled.
• Supervised toothpaste use by preschool children
• Manufacturers should be encouraged to include this
advice in labels.
FLUORIDE TOXICITY
❑ CHRONIC TOXICITY
• LOCAL TOXICITY
• 1. MECHANICAL ABRASION
• ABRASIVES: Essential component of toothpastes
mechanical removal of stained tooth pellicle.
• -Requirements of in vitro study
• Use a relevant substrate (natural teeth, dentine)
• Knowledge of the abrasive compound + Abrasive particle
size & other constituents of the toothpaste.
• -The method of brushing (e.g. horizontal brushing)
• -The abrasivity of all commercially available toothpastes is
generally low to no clinical significance.
• 2. SOFT TISSUE REACTION
• Acute Reactions Of The Oral Soft Tissues To
Oral Hygiene Products
• Epithelial Peeling
• Mucosal Ulceration & Inflammation
• Gingivitis
• Petechiae
• Patients may complain of
• A Burning Or Stinging Sensation
• Soreness Or Pain
• Staining Of The Teeth And Tongue
• LOCAL REACTIONS TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
• Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
• Brown discoloration of the teeth and tongue and with altered taste
sensation
• Superficial desquamation of the oral mucosa.
• Benzethonium chloride (0.2%)
• Caused desquamative lesions of the oral mucosa in 4 out of 5
subjects
• Discoloration of the tongue and around some of the teeth in 8 out
of 12 subjects
• Cetylpyridinium chloride – rinse 🡪 burning sensation
 REFERENCES
Guidelines for Safety Assessment of Cosmetics
Barel A., Paye M. and Maibach H. (2009). Handbook of Cosmetic Science
and Technology, 3rd ed. New York: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Butler, K. (2000). Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics, and Soaps 10th ed. Great
Briatain; Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
Baki, G., & Alexander, K. S. (2015). Introduction to Cosmetic
Formulation and Technology. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Iwata, H., & Shimada, K. (2013). Formulas, Ingredients and production of
Cosmetics. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan.
Tadros, T. F. (2016). Formulations: In Cosmetic and Personal Care. Berlin:
 thanks

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