RECTIFIER

It is a circuit which is used to convert AC voltage into DC voltage level. It is a

unidirectional circuit so it also current in one direction only. For rectification
purpose we used diodes. Diodes only conduct current in the forward direction
and blocks current in the reverse direction. There are two methods of
rectification.

 Half wave bridge

 Full wave bridge

Half wave bridge:

In half Wave Bridge the maximum output voltage is 155 volts. In half Wave Bridge
we use only one diode which conducts in the positive cycle of the AC voltage. In
the negative cycle of AC voltage it blocks the voltage.

Figure 4 .1 shows the half wave rectification circuit and its output
 Full wave rectifier:

In full Wave Bridge the maximum output voltage is 310 volts. In full Wave Bridge
we use four diodes which are arranged in bridge form. In the positive cycle D1 and
D2 will conducts while in the negative cycle D3 and D4 will conduct.

Figure 4 .2 shows the full wave rectification circuit and its output

POSITIVE CYCLE:
During positive cycle D1 and D2 is forward biased while D3 and D4 are reversed biased. So D1
and D2 conduct in the positive cycle. The current direction is shown below.
 Figure 4.3 shows the current direction in Positive cycle of full wave rectifier

NEGATIVE CYCLE:
During negative cycle D3 and D4 is forward biased while D1 and D2 are reversed biased. So D3
and D2 conduct in the negative cycle. The current direction is shown below.

Figure 4.4 shows the current direction in Negative cycle of full wave rectifier
 IMPLEMENTATION
In this we used rectification circuit to convert AC voltage into DC voltage. For this we used four
diodes arranged in the form of bridge and a Capacitor which is connected in a parallel to the
diode bridge. The purpose of capacitor is to smooth the pulsated DC output of the diode bridge.
The diode used in this rectifier is 1N5408, the maximum current rating of diode is 10 Amperes
and the maximum reverse blocking voltage rating is 1200 volts, the rating of capacitor is 470
microfarad and 400 volts.

HARDWARE AND SIMULATION

SIMULATION:

Figure 4.5 shows the schematic diagram of rectifier

PCB LAYOUT:

Figure 4.6 shows the PCB layout of rectifier.

HARDWARE:

Figure 4.7 shows the hardware image of rectifier.