Review For Exam 3.: Example

Review for Exam 3.
I Sections 15.1-15.4, 15.6.

I 50 minutes.
I 5 problems, similar to homework problems.
I No calculators, no notes, no books, no phones.
I No green book needed.
Triple integral in spherical coordinates (Sect. 15.6).
Example
Use spherical coordinates to find the volume of the region outside
the sphere ρ = 2 cos(φ) and inside the half sphere ρ = 2 with
φ ∈ [0, π/2].
Solution: First sketch the integration region.

I ρ = 2 cos(φ) is a sphere, since
z
2
2 2 2 2
ρ = 2ρ cos(φ) ⇔ x +y +z = 2z
rho = 2
1
x 2 + y 2 + (z − 1)2 = 1.
I ρ = 2 is a sphere radius 2 and 2 y
2
φ ∈ [0, π/2] says we only consider x rho = 2 cos ( 0 )
the upper half of the sphere.

Example
the sphere ρ = 2 cos(φ) and inside the sphere ρ = 2 with
φ ∈ [0, π/2].
Solution:
Z 2π Z π/2 Z 2
V = ρ2 sin(φ) dρ dφ dθ.
z
2
0 0 2 cos(φ)
rho = 2 Z π/2 3 2
1
ρ
V = 2π sin(φ) dφ

3

2 y
0 2 cos(φ)
2
x rho = 2 cos ( 0 ) Z π/2 h
2π 3
i
= 8 sin(φ) − 8 cos (φ) sin(φ) dφ.
3 0
16π h π/2 Z π/2 i

3
V = − cos(φ) − cos (φ) sin(φ) dφ .

3 0 0
Example
the sphere ρ = 2 cos(φ) and inside the sphere ρ = 2 with
φ ∈ [0, π/2].
16π h π/2 Z π/2 i

3
Solution: V = − cos(φ) − cos (φ) sin(φ) dφ .

3 0 0
Introduce the substitution: u = cos(φ), du = − sin(φ) dφ.
Z 0 u 4 0 i 16π
16π h 3
i 16π h 1
V = 1+ u du = 1+ = 1− .

3 3 4 1 3 4

1
16π 3
V = ⇒ V = 4π.
3 4
C
Triple integral in cylindrical coordinates (Sect. 15.6).
Example
Use cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of a curved wedge
cut out from a cylinder (x − 2)2 + y 2 = 4 by the planes z = 0 and
z = −y .

I (x − 2)2 + y 2 = 4 is a circle, since
z
x 2 + y 2 = 4x ⇔ r 2 = 4r cos(θ) z=−y
r = 4 cos(θ).
y
2
I Since 0 6 z 6 −y , the integration 4
region is on the y 6 0 part of the x (x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 4
z = 0 plane.

Example
z = −y .
Solution:
Z 2π Z 4 cos(θ) Z −r sin(θ)
V = r dz dr dθ.
z 3π/2 0 0
z=−y
Z 2π Z 4 cos(θ)
2
y V = −r sin(θ) − 0 r dr dθ
4
3π/2 0
x (x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 4 Z 2π 3
r 4 cos(θ)
V =− sin(θ) dθ.
3

3π/2 0
2π
43
Z
V =− cos3 (θ) sin(θ) dθ.
3π/2 3
Example
z = −y .
Z 2π 3
4
Solution: V = − cos3 (θ) sin(θ) dθ.
3π/2 3
Introduce the substitution: u = cos(θ), du = − sin(θ) dθ;

1
43 43 u 4 1 43 1
Z
3
V = u du = = .
3 0 3 4 0 3 4
16
We conclude: V = . C
3
Triple integral in Cartesian coordinates (Sect. 15.4).

Example
Find the volume of a parallelepiped whose base is a rectangle in
the z = 0 plane given by 0 6 y 6 2 and 0 6 x 6 1, while the top
side lies in the plane x + y + z = 3.
Z 1 Z 2 Z 3−x−y
Solution: V = dz dy dx,
z 0 0 0
3 Z 1Z 2
V = (3 − x − y ) dy dx,
0 0
Z 1h
2 1 2 i
= (3 − x) y − y 2 dx,

3 y
0 0 2 0
3 Z 1h
x 4i
V = 2(3 − x) − dx.
0 2
Z 1 h 1 1 i
4 − 2x dx = 4 x − x 2

V = = 4 − 1 ⇒ V = 3.

0 0 0
Double integrals in polar coordinates. (Sect. 15.3)
Example
Find the area of the region in the plane inside the curve
r = 6 sin(θ) and outside the circle r = 3, where r , θ are polar
coordinates in the plane.

y
I r = 6 sin(θ) is a circle, since 6 r = 6 cos ( 0 )
r 2 = 6r sin(θ) ⇔ x 2 + y 2 = 6y 3
x 2 + (y − 3)2 = 32 .
−3 3 x
I The other curve is a circle r = 3 centered
r=3
at the origin.
The condition 3 = r = 6 sin(θ) determines the range in θ.
Since sin(θ) = 1/2, we get θ1 = 5π/6 and θ0 = π/6.

Example
Find the area of the region in the plane inside the curve
r = 6 sin(θ) and outside the circle r = 3, where r , θ are polar
coordinates in the plane.
Solution: Recall: θ ∈ [π/6, 5π/6].

Z 5π/6 Z 6 sin(θ) Z 5π/6 2 6 sin(θ)
r
A= rdr dθ = dθ

2

π/6 3 π/6 3
5π/6 h 2 5π/6 h 2
32 i 32 i
Z Z
6 2 6
A= sin (θ)− dθ = 1−cos(2θ) − dθ
π/6 2 2 π/6 22 2
2 π 32
5π 5π/6 32 5π π
A=3 − − sin(2θ) − − .

6 6 2 π/6 2 6 6
√ √
32 3 3 √
A = 6π − 3π − − − , hence A = 3π + 9 3/2. C
2 2 2
Double integrals in Cartesian coordinates. (Sect. 15.2)
Example
Find the y -component of the centroid vector in Cartesian
coordinates in the plane of the region given by the disk
x 2 + y 2 6 9 minus the first quadrant.
Solution: First sketch the integration

ZZ region.
1
y y= y dA, where A = πR 2 (3/4), with
3
A R
R = 3. That is, A = 27π/4. We use polar
3
coordinates to compute y .
x
Z 2π Z 3
4
y= r sin(θ) rdr dθ.
27π π/2 0
4 2π r 3 3 4 4
y= − cos(θ) = (−1)(9) ⇒ y =− .

27π π/2 3 0 27π 3π

Example
Transform to polar coordinates and then evaluate the integral
√ √ √ √
Z − 2 Z 4−x 2 Z 2 Z 4−x 2
x2 +y 2
x 2 + y 2 dy dx.

I = √ dy dx + √
−2 − 4−x 2 − 2 x

√
I x ∈ [−2, 2]. y
√ y=x
I For x ∈ [−2, − 2], we have
√
|y | 6 4 − x 2 , so the curve is part
of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4.
√ √ −2 − 2 2 2
x
I For x ∈ [− 2, 2], we have that y
is between the line y = x and the
x 2+ y 2 = 4
upper side of the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 4.
Example
√ √ √ √
Z − 2 Z 4−x 2 Z 2 Z 4−x 2
x2 +y 2
x 2 + y 2 dy dx.

I = √ dy dx + √
−2 − 4−x 2 − 2 x
Solution: Z 5π/4 Z 2
y
y=x I = r 2 rdr dθ
π/4 0
π 2 3
5π Z
I = − r dr
−2 2
4 4 0
− 2 2 x
r 4 2
I =π

4 0
x 2+ y 2 = 4

We conclude: I = 4π. C
Example
√ √ √
Z 0 Z 4−x 2 Z 2Z 4−x 2
2 2
x 2 + y 2 dy dx

I = x +y dy dx +
−2 0 0 x

y
√ y=x
I x ∈ [−2, 2].
I For x√∈ [−2, 0], we have 0 6 y and

y 6 4 − x 2 . The latter curve is
part of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4. −2 2 2
x
√
I For x√∈ [0, 2], we have x 6 y and
x 2+ y 2 = 4
y 6 4 − x 2.
Example
√ √ √
Z 0 Z 4−x 2 Z 2Z 4−x 2
x2 + y 2
x 2 + y 2 dy dx

I = dy dx +
−2 0 0 x
Solution:
y
y=x Z π Z 2
I = r 2 rdr dθ
π/4 0
3π r 4 2
−2 2 2 x I =
4 4 0

x 2+ y 2 = 4 We conclude: I = 3π. C
Integrals along a curve in space. (Sect. 16.1)
I Line integrals in space.

I The addition of line integrals.
I Mass and center of mass of wires.
Line integrals in space.
Definition
The line integral of a function f : D ⊂ R3 → R along a curve
associated with the function r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → D ⊂ R3 is given by
Z Z s1

f ds = f r̂(s) ds,
C s0
where r̂(s) is the arc length parametrization of the function r, and

s(t0 ) = s0 , s(t1 ) = s1 are the arc lengths at the points t0 , t1 ,
respectively.
f
r r(s)
f ( r (s ) )
0
0
s
(f r)

Remarks:
I A line integral is an integral of a function along a curved path.
I Why is the function r parametrized with its arc length?
(1) Because in this way the line integral is independent of the
original parametrization of the curve. Given two different
parametrizations of the curve, we have switch them to the
unique arc length parametrization and compute the integral
above.
(2) Because this is the appropriate generalization of the integral of
a function F : R → R.
Z b Xn
Recall: F (x) dx = lim F (xi∗ )∆xi , where
a n→∞
i=0
∆xi = xi+1 − xi is the distance from xi+1 to x1 .
This ∆xi generalizes to ∆si on a curved path. This is why the
arc length parametrization is needed in the line integral.
Theorem (Arbitrary parametrization.)
The line integral of a continuous function f : D ⊂ R3 → R along a
differentiable curve r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → D ⊂ R3 is given by
Z Z t1
f ds = f (r(t)) |r0 (t)| dt,
C t0
where t is any parametrization of the vector-valued function r.
Proof: The integration by substitution formula says

Z s1 Z t1 s0 = s(t0 ),
f r̂(s(t)) s 0 (t) dt,

f r̂(s) ds =
s0 t0 s1 = s(t1 ).
Rt
The arc length function is s(t) = t0 |r0 (τ )| dτ , then s 0 (t) = |r0 (t)|.
Noticing that r̂(s(t)) = r(t), then
Z Z s1 Z t1
f (r(t)) |r0 (t)| dt.

f ds = f r̂(s) ds =
C s0 t0

Example
Evaluate the line integral of the function f (x, y , z) = xy + y + z
along the curve r(t) = h2t, t, 2 − 2ti in the interval t ∈ [0, 1].
Z Z t1
Solution: Recall: f ds = f (r(t)) |r0 (t)| dt.
C t0
The derivative
√ vector is r0 (t)
= h2, 1, −2i, therefore its magnitude
0
is |r (t)| = 4 + 1 + 4 = 3. The values of f along the curve are
f (r(t)) = (2t)t + t + (2 − 2t) ⇒ f (r(t)) = 2t 2 − t + 2.

Z Z 1 h t 3 t 2 1 i
2
f ds = (2t − t + 2) 3 dt = 3 2 − + 2t .

C 0 3 2 0
Z 2 1 Z
3 13
f ds = 3 − +2 =2− +6 ⇒ f ds = . C
C 3 2 2 C 2
Example
√
Evaluate the line integral of the function f (x, y , z) = x 2 + z 2
along the curve r(t) = h0, a cos(t), a sin(t)i, in t ∈ [0, π/2].
Z Z t1
Solution: Recall: f ds = f (r(t)) |r0 (t)| dt.
C t0
The derivative vector isq r0 (t)
= h0, −a sin(t), a cos(t)i, therefore its
magnitude is |r0 (t)| = a2 sin2 (t) + a2 cos2 (t) = |a|. The values
of f along the curve are
q
f (r(t)) = 0 + a2 sin2 (t) ⇒ f (r(t)) = |a|| sin(t)|.
Z Z π/2 π/2
2
f ds = |a| sin(t) |a| dt = a − cos(t) .

C 0 0
Z
f ds = a2 . C
C

The addition of line integrals.
Theorem
If a curve C ⊂ D in space is the union of the differentiable curves
C1 , · · · , Cn , then the line integral of a continuous function
f : D ⊂ R3 → R along C satisfies
Z Z Z
f ds = f ds + · · · + f ds.
C C1 Cn
z
Remark: C = C 1U C 2
This result is useful to compute line C1

C2
integral along piecewise differentiable
y
curves. x

Example
√
Evaluate the line integral of f (x, y , z) = x + y − z 2 along the
path C = C1 ∪ C2 , where C1 is the image of r1 (t) = ht, t 2 , 0i for
t ∈ [0, 1], and C2 is the image of r2 (t) = h1, 1, ti for t ∈ [0, 1].
Z Z Z
Solution: f ds = f ds + f ds.
C C1 C2
z
p
C2 r01 (t) = h1, 2t, 0i ⇒ |r01 (t)| = 1 + 4t 2 .
1
C1 y
x
f (r1 (t)) = t + t = 2t.
Z Z 1 p
f ds = 2t 1 + 4t 2 dt, u = 1 + 4t 2 , du = 8t dt.
C1 0
5
1 √
Z Z Z
1 1/2 1 2 3/2 5
f ds = u du = u ⇒ f ds = (5 5 − 1).
C1 4 1 43 1 C1 6
Example
√
Evaluate the line integral of f (x, y , z) = x + y − z 2 along the
path C = C1 ∪ C2 , where C1 is the image of r1 (t) = ht, t 2 , 0i for
t ∈ [0, 1], and C2 is the image of r2 (t) = h1, 1, ti for t ∈ [0, 1].
Z Z Z
Solution: f ds = f ds + f ds.
C C1 C2
z
r02 (t) = h0, 0, 1i ⇒ |r02 (t)| = 1.

C2
1
y
f (r2 (t)) = 1 + 1 − t 2 = 2 − t 2 .
C1
1
Z Z 1 1 t 3 1
2 1 5
f ds = (2 − t ) dt = 2 t − =2− = .

C2 0 0 3 0 3 3
1 √ 1 √
Z Z
5
f ds = (5 5 − 1) + ⇒ f ds = (5 5 + 9). C
C 6 3 C1 6

Mass and center of mass of wires.
Remark:
The total mass, the center of mass, and the moments of inertia of
wires with arbitrary shapes in space, given by a curve C and having
a density function ρ, can be computed using line integrals.
R
I M= ρ ds;
C
Z Z Z
1 1 1
I x= xρ ds, y = y ρ ds, z = zρ ds;
M C M C M C
Z
1
I Ix = (y 2 + z 2 )ρ ds,
M C
Z
1
I Iy = (x 2 + z 2 )ρ ds,
M C
Z
1
I Iz = (x 2 + y 2 )ρ ds.
M C
Mass and center of mass of wires.

Example
Find the moments of inertia of a wheel of radius R and density ρ0 .
Solution: We place the wheel at the center of the z = 0 plane. The

curve for the wheel is r(t) = hR cos(t), R sin(t), 0i, t ∈ [0, 2π].
Therefore, r0 (t)
R =2 h−R2 sin(t), R cos(t),
R 0i,2 hence |r0 (t)| = R.
Recall: Ix = C (y + z )ρ0 ds, Iz = C (x + y 2 )ρ0 ds.
Z 2π Z 2π
2 2 3 1
Ix = R sin (t)ρ0 R dt = R ρ0 1 − cos(2t) dt
0 0 2
31 h 2π i
Ix = R ρ0 π − sin(2t) ⇒ Ix = πR 3 ρ0 .

4 0
By symmetry, Ix = Iy . Finally,
Z 2π
Iz = R 2 ρ0 R dt ⇒ Iz = 2πR 3 ρ0 . C
0
Integrals of vector fields. (Sect. 16.2)
I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

I The gradient field of a scalar-valued function.
I The line integral of a vector field along a curve.
I Work done by a force on a particle.
I The flow of a fluid along a curve.
I The flux across a plane curve.
Vector fields on a plane and in space.
Definition
A vector field on a plane or in space is a vector-valued function
F : D ⊂ Rn → Rn , with n = 2, 3, respectively.
Examples from physics:

I Electric and magnetic fields.
I The gravitational field of the Earth.
I The velocity field in a fluid or gas.
I The variation of temperature in a
room. (Gradient field.)
Magnetic field of a small magnet.


The gradient field of a scalar-valued function.

Remark:
I Given a scalar-valued function f : D ⊂ Rn → R, with n = 2, 3,
its gradient vector, ∇f = h∂x f , ∂y f i or ∇f = h∂x f , ∂y f , ∂z f i,
respectively, is a vector field in a plane or in space.
Example
Find and sketch a graph of the gradient field of the function
f (x, y ) = x 2 + y 2 .
Solution: We know the graph of f is a paraboloid. The gradient
field is ∇f = h2x, 2y i.
z f(x,y) = x 2 + y 2
y
y
x Duf

The line integral of a vector field along a curve.

Definition
The line integral of a vector-valued function F : D ⊂ Rn → Rn ,
with n = 2, 3, along the curve associated with the function
r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → D ⊂ R3 is given by
Z Z t1
F · dr = F(t) · r0 (t) dt
C t0
Example Remark: An equivalent expression is:

t1
r0 (t) 0
Z Z
y
F · dr = F(t) · 0 |r (t)| dt,
r’
C t |r (t)|
Z Z 0s1
F F · dr = F̂ · û ds,
C s0
x r0 (t(s))
where û = 0 , and F̂ = F(t(s)).
|r (t(s))|

Work done by a force on a particle.

Definition
In the case that the vector field F : D ⊂ Rn → Rn , with n = 2, 3,
represents a force acting on a particle with position function
r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → D ⊂ R3 , then the line integral
Z
W = F · dr,
C
is called the work done by the force on the particle.
Example A projectile of mass m moving on the

surface of Earth.
y
r’ I The movement takes place on a
plane, and F = h0, −mg i.
F I W 6 0 in the first half of the
trajectory, and W > 0 on the
x second half.
Work done by a force on a particle.
Example
Find the work done by the force F(x, y , z) = h(3x 2 − 3x), 3z, 1i on
a particle moving along the curve with r(t) = ht, t 2 , t 4 i, t ∈ [0, 1].
Solution:
First: Evaluate F along r. This is: F(t) = h(3t 2 − 3t), 3t 4 , 1i.
Second: Compute r0 (t). This is: r0 (t) = h1, 2t, 4t 3 i.
Third: Integrate the dot product F(t) · r0 (t).
Z 1
(3t 2 − 3t) + (6t 5 ) + (4t 3 ) dt

W =
0

3 3 2 6
1
4 3
= t − t + t + t = 1 − + 1 + 1.
2 0 2
3 3
So, W = 3 − . We conclude: The work done is W = . C
2 2

The flow of a fluid along a curve.
Definition
In the case that the vector field v : D ⊂ Rn → Rn , with n = 2, 3, is
the velocity field of a flow and r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → D ⊂ R3 is any
smooth curve, then the line integral
Z
F = v · dr,
C
is called a flow integral. If the curve is a closed loop, the flow

integral is called the circulation of the fluid around the loop.
Example I The flow of a viscous fluid in a
z
Viscous fluid in a pipe. pipe is maximal along a line
through the center of the pipe.
I The flow vanishes on any curve
v
y perpendicular to the section of the
x pipe.

Example
Find the circulation of a fluid with velocity field v = h−y , xi along
the closed loop given by r1 = ha cos(t), a sin(t)i for t ∈ [0, π], and
r2 = ht, 0i for t ∈ [−a, a].
Z Z
Solution: The circulation is: F = v · dr1 + v · dr2 .
C1 C2
The first term is given by:

y
Z Z π
C1
v · dr1 = v(t) · r01 (t) dt.
C1 0
v(t) = h−a sin(t), a cos(t)i,

−a C2 a x
r01 (t) = h−a sin(t), a cos(t)i.

Z Z π Z
a2 sin2 (t) + cos2 (t) dt v · dr1 = πa2 .

v · dr1 = ⇒
C1 0 C1
Example
Find the circulation of a fluid with velocity field v = h−y , xi along
the closed loop given by r1 = ha cos(t), a sin(t)i for t ∈ [0, π], and
r2 = ht, 0i for t ∈ [−a, a].
Z Z
Solution: The circulation is: F = v · dr1 + v · dr2 .
C1 C2
The second term is given by:

Z Z a
v · dr2 = v(t) · r02 (t) dt,
y
C1
C2 −a
v(t) = h0, ti, r02 (t) = h1, 0i.
−a a x
Z
C2
v(t) · r02 (t) = 0 ⇒ v · dr2 = 0.
C2
v · dr1 = πa2 , we conclude: F = πa2 .

R
Since C1
C

The flux across a plane curve.
Definition
The flux of a vector field F : {z = 0} ⊂ R3 → {z = 0} ⊂ R3 along
a closed plane loop r : [t0 , t1 ] ⊂ R → {z = 0} ⊂ R3 is given by
I
F = F · n ds,
C
where n is the unit outer normal vector to the curve inside the
plane {z = 0}.
Example
z
Remarks:
I F is defined on {z = 0}.
I The loop C lies on {z = 0}.
y I Simple formula for n?
{z=0}
C
x n

Theorem (Counterclockwise loops.)
The flux of a vector field F = hFx (x, y ), Fy (x, y ), 0i along a closed,
counterclockwise plane loop r(t) = hx(t), y (t), 0i for t ∈ [t0 , t1 ] is
given by I Z t1
Fx y 0 (t) − Fy x 0 (t) dt.

F · n ds =
C t0
Proof: Remarks: Since C is counterclockwise

z
traversed, n = u × k, where u = r0 /|r0 |.
k
1
u y
u(t) = 0
hx 0 (t), y 0 (t), 0i, k = h0, 0, 1i.
C
{z=0} n=uxk
|r (t)|
x

i j k
1 1
n = 0 x 0 y 0 0 hy 0 (t), −x 0 (t), 0i.

⇒ n= 0
|r | |r |
0 0 1
Theorem (Counterclockwise loops.)

The flux of a vector field F = hFx (x, y ), Fy (x, y ), 0i along a closed,
counterclockwise plane loop r(t) = hx(t), y (t), 0i for t ∈ [t0 , t1 ] is
given by I Z t1
Fx y 0 (t) − Fy x 0 (t) dt.

F · n ds =
C t0
1
Proof: Recall: n = 0
hy 0 (t), −x 0 (t), 0i.
|r |
I Z t1
1
F · n ds = hFx , Fy , 0i · hy 0 (t), −x 0 (t), 0i 0
|r0 (t)| dt
C t0 |r (t)|
I Z t1
Fx y 0 (t) − Fy x 0 (t) dt.

F · n ds =
C t0

Example
Find the flux of a field F = h−y , x, 0i across the plane closed loop
given by r1 = ha cos(t), a sin(t), 0i for t ∈ [0, π], and r2 = ht, 0, 0i
for t ∈ [−a, a].
I Z Z
Solution: Recall: F · n ds = F1 · n1 ds + F2 · n2 ds
C C1 C2
Along C1 we have: F1 (t) = h−a sin(t), a cos(t), 0i and
x 0 (t) = −a sin(t), y 0 (t) = a cos(t).
Therefore,
F1x (t) y 0 (t)−F1y (t) x 0 (t) = −a2 sin(t) cos(t)+a2 sin(t) cos(t) = 0.
Z
Hence: F · n ds = 0.
C1
Example
Find the flux of a field F = h−y , x, 0i across the plane closed loop
given by r1 = ha cos(t), a sin(t), 0i for t ∈ [0, π], and r2 = ht, 0, 0i
for t ∈ [−a, a].
I Z Z
Solution: Recall: F · n ds = F1 · n1 ds + F2 · n2 ds
C C1 C2
Along C2 we have: F2 (t) = h0, t, 0i and x 0 (t) = 1, y 0 (t) = 0. So,

Z Z a
F2x (t) y 0 (t) − F2y (t) x 0 (t) = 0 − t ⇒ F · n ds = −t dt,
C2 −a
Z t 2 a Z
F · n ds = − ⇒ F · n ds = 0.

2

C2 −a C2
I
We conclude: F · n ds = 0. C
C

Review For Exam 3.: Example

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review For Exam 3.: Example

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review for Exam 3.

I Sections 15.1-15.4, 15.6.

Triple integral in spherical coordinates (Sect. 15.6).

Solution: First sketch the integration region.

the upper half of the sphere.

16π h π/2  Z π/2 i

Triple integral in spherical coordinates (Sect. 15.6).

16π h π/2  Z π/2 i

Solution: First sketch the integration region.

region is on the y 6 0 part of the x (x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 4

Triple integral in cylindrical coordinates (Sect. 15.6).

Introduce the substitution: u = cos(θ), du = − sin(θ) dθ;

Triple integral in Cartesian coordinates (Sect. 15.4).

Solution: First sketch the integration region.

Double integrals in polar coordinates. (Sect. 15.3)

Solution: Recall: θ ∈ [π/6, 5π/6].

Solution: First sketch the integration

Double integrals in polar coordinates. (Sect. 15.2)

Solution: First sketch the integration region.

Double integrals in polar coordinates. (Sect. 15.2)

Solution: First sketch the integration region.

I For x√∈ [−2, 0], we have 0 6 y and

Integrals along a curve in space. (Sect. 16.1)

I Line integrals in space.

where r̂(s) is the arc length parametrization of the function r, and

Line integrals in space.

Proof: The integration by substitution formula says

Line integrals in space.

f (r(t)) = (2t)t + t + (2 − 2t) ⇒ f (r(t)) = 2t 2 − t + 2.

Integrals along a curve in space. (Sect. 16.1)

I Line integrals in space.

This result is useful to compute line C1

The addition of line integrals.

r02 (t) = h0, 0, 1i ⇒ |r02 (t)| = 1.

Integrals along a curve in space. (Sect. 16.1)

I Line integrals in space.

Mass and center of mass of wires.

Solution: We place the wheel at the center of the z = 0 plane. The

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

Vector fields on a plane and in space.

Examples from physics:

Magnetic field of a small magnet.

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

The gradient field of a scalar-valued function.

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

The line integral of a vector field along a curve.

Example Remark: An equivalent expression is:

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

Work done by a force on a particle.

is called the work done by the force on the particle.

Example A projectile of mass m moving on the

Integrals of vector fields. (Sect. 16.2)

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

is called a flow integral. If the curve is a closed loop, the flow

The flow of a fluid along a curve.

The first term is given by:

v(t) = h−a sin(t), a cos(t)i,

r01 (t) = h−a sin(t), a cos(t)i.

The second term is given by:

v(t) = h0, ti, r02 (t) = h1, 0i.

v · dr1 = πa2 , we conclude: F = πa2 .

Integrals of vector fields. (Sect. 16.2)

I Vector fields on a plane and in space.

16π h π/2 Z π/2 i

16π h π/2 Z π/2 i