BULATS Vocabulary List

B1 Level

Prepared by：ACUMEN/ BULATS Authorised Testing Center

INTRODUCTION TO THE BULATS B1 WORDLIST

The BULATS B2 Wordlist is a list of 3400 words to help teachers preparing students to
achieve a B1 pass in the Cambridge BULATS exam. It is not expected that students at this
level will know 100% of the words on the list, but if they can achieve some familiarity with
80% of these items, they will be well placed to reach their target level.

BACKGROUND TO THE LIST

The list is based in part on the Cambridge ESOL BEC Preliminary Wordlist. However, it
includes a broader range of language to cover different types of survival English as well as
other topics included in the BULATS exam.

As with the BEC Preliminary Wordlist, the list focuses on high-frequency words in a
workplace context and it covers receptive vocabulary (words that the candidates is expected
to understand but which are not the focus of the question) as well as productive vocabulary
(words the candidate needs to know in order to answer the question). In addition, words
common in both written and spoken English have been included, as have words from more
formal or informal registers.

The wordlist does not provide an exhaustive list of all the words that appear in either the
BULATS online or paper-based exam. Nor does it attempt to provide all the words necessary
for use in the Speaking or Writing exams. Therefore, students should not confine their study
to the wordlist alone.

HOW THE LIST IS ORGANIZED

B1 and A2 words
The list includes words on the A2 wordlist and these are italicized. Words that are not in
italics are only in the B1 list.

American and British English

The list is designed for students more familiar with American English than British English,
though both are included. Where there are minor differences between spellings, the
American spelling is listed with the British included alongside: eg center (Am Eng), centre
(Br Eng). For words where there is significant difference between the spellings, both versions
are listed with the alternative beside: eg enquire (Br Eng), inquire (Am Eng) / inquire (Am
Eng), enquire (Br Eng). Sometimes there are alternative lexical items for the same object or
concept and both variants are given with the alternative beside: eg bill (Am Eng), note (Br
Eng) / note (Br Eng), bill (Am Eng).

Exemplification
Examples are given for some words to highlight important meanings either at this level or in
this domain. Examples may also be included to highlight a particular grammatical form
(noun, verb adj, etc) which is more common. As mentioned above, words that should be
familiar to an A2 student are italicized.

Some words have meanings or uses that are typically known at different levels, so in the
example below you can see several meanings of the word clear. As you can see from the
example, clear is italicized indicating that it should be familiar to a student at A2. The
meanings and uses of clear that an A2 student should be familiar with are italicized, but the
non-italicized meanings are only likely to be known by a candidate at B1.

clear (adj & v)

• It's all very clear to me now what happened. (adj)
• Clear your desk before you go home. (v)
• The board decided to sell some assets in order to clear company debts. (v)
• The consignment hasn't cleared customs yet. (v)
• The bank requires four days to clear the check. (v)

Affixes
A list of prefixes and suffixes appropriate to this level is included in Appendix 2. These may
be combined with words on the list as appropriate. Thus, unfriendly is not included in this list
as it is a combination of friendly + the prefix un-.
Abbreviations used
abbrev Abbreviation
adj adjectives
adv adverb
Am Eng American English
Br Eng British English
conj conjunction
det determiner
exclam exclamation
int interjection
n noun
phr phrase
pl plural
prep preposition
prep phr prepositional phrase
pron pronoun
sing singular
v verb

SUMMARY OF POINTS TO BE NOTED

• the list does not include every word included in the BULATS examination
• the list covers receptive and productive vocabulary
• the list is designed for students more familiar with American English
• the list includes written and spoken English
• A2 level words are also included in this list and these are italicized
• prefixes and suffixes appropriate to this level are included in Appendix 2
 BULATS VOCABULARY LIST - B1

A
admire (v)
abbreviation (n) admission (n)
ability (n) • Admission to the conference is by invitation
able (adj) only.
• able to go admit (v)
about (adj & prep) • He admitted there were production problems.
• The company has about 500 employees. • This ticket admits two people to the
(adj) performance.
• The report is about cutting costs. (prep) adult (n & adj)
about to (be about to) (phr v) advance (n)
above (adj & prep) • Many thanks in advance.
abroad (adv) • I'd like to make an advance booking.
absence (n) advanced (adj)
absent (adj) • We need someone with advanced word-
absolutely (int) processing skills.
accept (v) advantage (n)
access (n & v) advertise (v)
accident (n) advertising (n)
accommodation (n) advice (n)
accompany (v) advice note (n)
according to (prep) advise (v)
account (n) aeroplane (Br Eng), airplane (Am Eng) (n)
• I'd like to open a bank account. affair (n)
• Our company has an account at Transport • He had a lot of important affairs to take care
Solutions. of.
accountancy (n) affect (v)
accountant (n) afford (v)
accounting (n) afraid (adj)
accounts (n) • I'm afraid we can't help you.
accuracy (n) after (prep)
accurate (adj) after that (conj)
achieve (v) after-sales service (n)
acknowledge (v) afternoon (n)
acquaintance (n) afterwards (adv)
acquire (v) again (adv)
acquisition (n) against (prep)
across (prep) age (n)
act (v) aged (adj)
action (n) agency (n)
• The company has reasons for its actions. • Let's use an advertising agency.
• Industrial action has affected production. agenda (n)
• We need to develop an action plan. agent (n)
active (adj) • I've been to the travel agent to book a flight
activity (n) to Hong Kong.
actor (n) • He's our agent in Japan.
actual (adj) aggressive (adj)
actually (adv) ago (adv)
ad (abbrev) (advertisement) agree (v)
adapt (v) agricultural (adj)
add (v) agriculture (n)
addition (n) aim (n & v)
• In addition, I'd like to order a new printer. • His aim was to become CEO. (n)
• With his experience, he will be a useful • We aim to increase turnover by 5% this year.
addition to the team. (v)
additional (adj) air (n)
address (n & v) • He's going by air instead of by train.
• Could I have your email address? (n) air-conditioned (adj)
• The CEO addressed the conference. (v) air-conditioning (n)
adjust (v) airline (n)
administration (n) airmail (n)
administrative (adj) airplane (Am Eng), aeroplane (Br Eng) (n)
administrator (n) airport (n)
aisle (n) appearance (n)
alarm (n) appetizer (n)
• The bank installed a new security alarm. applicant (n)
alcohol (n) application (n)
alike (adv & adj) application form (n)
• They think alike. (adv) apply (v)
• The two products are very alike. (adj) appoint (v)
all (adj, adv, det & pron) approach (n & v)
allocate (v) • What approach are you going to take? (n)
allow (v) • We can approach the bank for a loan. (v)
allowance (n) appropriate (adj)
• a travel allowance approval (n)
allowed (be allowed to) approve (v)
• Staff are not allowed to discuss the content approx (abbrev) approximately (adv)
of their jobs with people outside the approximate (adj)
company. architect (n)
almost (adv) area (n)
alone (adv) • We're looking for a location in the area near
along (adv & prep) the airport.
aloud (adv) • He became the area manager after two
alphabet (n) years.
already (adv) argue (v)
alright (adv & adj) • They argued about the marketing budget.
also (adv) arithmetic (n)
alter (v) around (adv & prep)
• alter an arrangement arrange (v)
alternative (n & adj) • arrange a meeting/time
although (conj) arrangement (n)
altogether (adv) arrival (n)
always (adv) arrive (v)
a.m. (before noon) (adv) arrogant (adj)
amazing (adj) art (n)
ambassador (n) • The company buys and sells works of art.
ambition (n) article (n)
ambitious (adj) • A recent newspaper article criticized the
among (amongst) (prep) company.
amount (n) as (adv & conj)
amusing (adj) as... as … (conj & prep)
analyze (Am Eng), analyse (Br Eng) (v) ASAP (abbrev) as soon as possible
analysis (n) ashamed (adj)
and (conj) ask (v)
anger (n) ask for (v + prep)
angry (adj) aspect (n)
anniversary (n) • What aspect of your job do you like most?
• The company celebrated its 50th anniversary. assembly (n)
announce (v) assembly line (n)
annoyed (adj) assembly plant (n)
annual (adj) assembly point (n)
annual report (n) assess (v)
annual return (n) assistant (n)
another (det) associate (n & v)
answer (n & v) association (n)
answer phone (n) assure (v)
antique (adj & n) at (prep)
anxious (adj) at all (prep phr)
any (det, adj & pron) at first (prep phr)
anybody (pron) at last (prep phr)
anyhow (adv) at least (prep phr)
anyone (n) at once (prep phr)
anything (n) at present (prep phr)
anything else (phr) at the moment (prep phr)
anyway (adv) at the same time (prep phr)
anywhere (adv) ATM (abbrev) automated teller machine
AOB (abbrev) Any Other Business attach (v)
apart from (prep) attachment (n)
apartment (n) attack (n & v)
apologize (Am Eng), apologise (Br Eng) (v) attend (v)
apology (n) attendance (n)
appear (v) attempt (v)
attention (n & v) banknote (n)
attitude (n) bankrupt (n & v)
attract (v) bankruptcy (n)
attraction (n) bar (n & v)
attractive (adj) bar chart (n)
audience (n) • The bar chart shows sales from last year.
audit (n & v) bargain (n & v)
auditor (n) • Did you get a bargain? (n)
author (n) • You'll get a better price if you bargain with
authorize (Am Eng), authorise (Br Eng) (v) him. (v)
authority (n) base (n)
automatic (adj) • Our customer base is rather weak. (n)
availability (n) • The base rate is low so more people are
available (adj) borrowing. (n)
average (adj & n)
• My new job is based in central Europe. (v)
• Can you find the average of these three
• What did you base the sales projections on?
numbers?
(v)
• He's not a particularly good rep – he's just basement (n)
average. basic (adj)
avoid (v) basis (n)
awake (adj) basket (n)
award (n & v) bathroom (n)
• She was awarded the title 'Businessperson battle (n)
of the Year'. • There was a battle over strategy.
• The court awarded damages of $50,000. bay (n)
• Our company won an award for exports. • The city is on the edge of a large bay.
aware (adj) • The factory needs another loading bay.
away (adv) be (v)
• The CEO's away on business until the end beat (v)
of the month. • We can beat our competitors on quality, but
• He threw away the documents by mistake. not on price.
beautiful (adj)
B because (conj)
because of (prep)
become (v)
back (adv & n)
bedroom (n)
• When are you going back to work?
before (prep)
• I gave back the laptop I had borrowed. beg (v)
• The cables at the back of the computer are • I beg your pardon.
not connected.
• I begged her not to resign.
background (n)
begin (v)
back up (n & v)
behave (v)
• make a back up
• He always behaves in a professional manner.
• back up your hard drive behavior (Am Eng), behaviour (Br Eng) (n)
backwards (adv) behind (prep & adv)
bad (adj) be into (phr v)
bag (n)
• I'm quite into the travel I need to do for my
baggage (n)
job.
balance (v & n)
believe (v)
• The country's balance of payments is up this
• I believe we will win the contract.
month because of increased exports. (n)
• Do you believe in the product?
• The balance is due within two weeks. (n)
bell (n)
• She spent days trying to balance the belong (v)
company's books. (v) below (prep & adv)
• Do the books balance? (v) bend (n & v)
balance sheet (n) beneath (prep & adv)
balcony (n) benefit (n & v)
ban (n & v) beside (adv & prep)
bank (n & v) best (adj)
bank account (n) better (adj)
bank balance (n) between (adv & prep)
bank card (n) beyond (prep)
bank charge (n) bicycle (n)
bank clerk (n) bid (n & v)
bank loan (n) big (adj)
bank manager (n) bike (n)
bank statement (n) bill (Am Eng), note (Br Eng) (n)
bank transfer (n) • The taxi driver didn't have change for a
banking (n) hundred-dollar bill.
bill (Br Eng), check (Am Eng) (n) boss (n)
• We've finished our meal so we'd better get bossy (adj)
the bill. bother (v & adj)
billion (n) • can't be bothered
biography (n) bottom (adj & n)
birth (n) • at the bottom of the page (n)
• What's the date of her birth? (n) • the bottom left-hand corner (adj)
black (adj) box (n)
• The company ended the year in the black. • We sent three boxes of brochures to our
• The true size of the black economy cannot southern office this morning.
be known. • Tick the box.
blame (v) brain (n)
blank (adj & n) branch (n)
• I need a blank piece of paper. (adj) • The bank has opened branches in major
• Write the correct word in each blank (space). shopping malls.
(n) brand (n & adj)
blank check (Am Eng), blank cheque (Br Eng) (n) • own brand (n)
blind (n) • brand name (n)
• The blind needs repairing. • brand-new (adj)
block (n) brave (adj)
• It's opposite the office block at the end of the break (n & v)
corner. • during the (lunch) break (n)
• Go to the end of the block and turn left. • What time shall we break for lunch? (v)
blow up (v) break down (n & phr v)
• The gas heater blew up. • Could you give me a breakdown of last
blue (adj) month's sales figures? (n)
• There's been a decline in the number of • The printer has broken down again. (phr v)
blue-collar workers. break in (n & phr v)
board (n, v & adv) • Some one broke into the factory and stole
• a noticeboard, a wooden board (n) some equipment. (phr v)
• on board a plane/ship (adv) • There was a break-in at the company's head
• new team member on board (adv) office. (n)
• board a plane or ship (v) break up (prh v)
• a board of directors (n) • The Lexford Group was broken up into
board meeting (n) smaller companies. (phr v)
boarding card (n) • The glass bottle are broken up before
boarding pass (n) entering the recycling machine. (phr v)
board room (n) breakfast (adj)
boat (n) • Could we arrange a breakfast meeting?
body (n) brick (n)
boil (v) bridge (n & v)
boiled (adj) brief (adj & v)
bold (adj) • The CEO made a brief visit to the factory.
• a bold strategy (adj)
• type in bold • Here is the news in brief. (adj)
bonus (n) • The company sent a representative to brief
• an annual bonus us on changes to the procedures. (v)
book (n & v) briefing (n)
• I'm reading a book on online marketing at briefcase (n)
the moment. bright (adj)
• We'd better book our flights early. brilliant (adj)
bookcase (n) bring (v)
bookkeeping (n) bring forward (phr v)
booking desk (n) • We'll have to bring the meeting time forward
booking form (n) to 10:00am.
booking office (n) broad (adj)
bookstore (Am Eng), bookshop (Br Eng) (n) broadband (n)
boost (n & v) brochure (n)
boot (Br Eng), trunk (Am Eng) (n) broke (adj)
• My case is in the boot of her car. brush (n & v)
boot(s) (n) B.Sc. (abbrev) (Bachelor of Science)
border (n) budget (v & n)
bored (adj) buffet (n & adj)
border (n & v) bug (n)
boring (adj) • This software has a bug in it.
born (adj) build (v)
borrow (v) building (n)
boss (n) bulk (n)
 • We have managed to cut costs by buying in calculate (v)
bulk. calculator (n)
bullet (n & v) calendar (n)
• a bullet point (n) call (n & v)
• Please bullet point this list for me. (v) • There was a phone call for you. (n)
bureau (n) • What's this product called? (v)
• I'll get some US dollars from the exchange • Mr Khan called while you were out. (v)
bureau. call back (phr v)
burglar (n) • Could you ask her to call me back?
burglary (n) call for (phr v)
bus (n) • I'll call for you at 3pm.
bus station (n) call in (phr v)
bus stop (n) • I'll call in and see you next time I'm in town.
business (n) call center (Am Eng), call centre (Br Eng) (n)
• He runs a business. (n) calm (adj)
• company business (n) camera (n)
• do business (v + n) campaign (n & v)
• be on/in business (prep phr) • The advertising campaign was very
• get down to business (phr v + n) successful. (n)
• go into business (phr v + n) • The staff campaigned for better working
• go out of business (phr v + n) conditions. (v)
• set up a business (phr v + n) can (n & v)
business card (n) • a can of coca-cola (n)
business class (n & adj) • Can I go now? (v)
business dinner (n) • He can speak Japanese very well. (v)
businessman (n) canal (n)
businessperson (n) cancel (v)
businesswoman (n) cancellation (n)
business hours (n) candidate (n)
business plan (n) canteen (n)
business school (n) capable (adj)
business trip (n) capacity (n)
busy (adj) capital (n)
but (conj) • the capital (city) of a country
button (n) • to raise capital for a business
• The on/off button isn't working. • capital letters
buy (n & v) car (n)
• We bought 300 units. (v) car park (n)
• It was a good buy. (n) card (n)
buyer (n) • identity (ID) card
by (prep) • credit card
by accident (prep phr) cardboard (adj & n)
by air (prep phr) care (n & adj)
by all means (prep phr) • We take care of our customers. (n)
by car (prep phr) • Some customers care more about good
by chance (prep phr) quality than price. (v)
by day (prep phr) career (n)
by hand (prep phr) careless (adj)
by land (prep phr) cargo (n)
by mistake (prep phr) carpet (n)
by name (prep phr) carton (n)
by oneself (prep phr) carry (v)
by post (prep phr) • carry a case
by sea (prep phr) • pipes carrying water
by sight (prep phr) carry on (phr v & adj)
by train (prep phr)
• I'll carry on working till I'm 65.
• There is a limit for how much carry-on
C luggage you can take on the plane.
carry out (a task) (phr v)
°C (abbrev) Centigrade, Celsius • We've just carried out a survey into customer
c (abbrev) cents satisfaction.
c (abbrev) circa • Carrying out instructions is part of the job.
cab (n) case (n)
cabinet (n) • a difficult case
• filing cabinet • a case for my laptop
cable (n) • In that case, ...
cable television (n) cash (n & v)
cafe (n) cash book (n)
cash desk (n) cheap (adj)
cash flow (n) cheat (v & n)
cash machine (n) check (n & v)
cash price (n) • I'll do a quick check. (n)
cash register (n) • Check these figures. (v)
cash sale (n) check (Am Eng), bill (Br Eng) (n)
casual (adj) • We're done eating. Can we get the check
catalog (Am Eng), catalogue (Br Eng) (n) please?
catch (v) check in (phr v & n)
• I'm sorry, I didn't catch what you said. • Please proceed to check-in. (n)
category (n) • check in to a hotel (phr v)
catering (n) check out (phr v)
cause (n & v) • check out of a hotel
CBD (abbrev) central business district checklist (n)
cc (abbrev) carbon copy cheerful (adj)
CD-ROM (n) chef (n)
CEO (abbrev) Chief Executive Officer chemical (adj & n)
ceiling (n)
• the chemical industry
celebrate (v)
chemist (n)
celebration (n)
cheque (Br Eng), check (Am Eng) (n)
cellar (n)
chief (adj & n)
cell phone (cellular phone) (n)
• the chief problem (adj)
Celsius (n)
cement (n & v) • chief executive (n)
centigrade (n) child (n)
centimeter (Am Eng), centimetre (Br Eng) (n) chilly (adj)
central (adj) choice (n)
central bank (n) choose (v)
central heating (n) church (n)
center (Am Eng), centre (Br Eng) (n & v) circle (n)
century (n) • The chairs were arranged in a circle for the
certain (adj) meeting.
• to be certain about something circular (adj)
• a certain person • a circular email
certificate (n) • a circular table
CFO (n) Chief Financial Officer circulate (v)
chain (n) city (n)
• a chain of supermarkets civil servant (n)
chair (n & v) claim (n & v)
clarify (v)
• We need new chairs for the office. (n)
class (n)
• Peter is Chair of the meeting this afternoon.
• a class of business students
(n)
• first/business/economy class
• The finance director chaired the meeting in
classify (v)
the CEO's absence. (v)
classroom (n)
chairman (n)
clean (adj & v)
chairperson (n)
clear (adj & v)
chairwoman (n)
challenge (n & v) • It's all very clear to me now what happened.
chance (n) (adj)
change (n & v) • Clear your desk before you go home. (v)
• It was a big change from my previous job. • The board decided to sell some assets in
(n) order to clear company debts. (v)
• Do you have any small change? (n) • The consignment hasn't cleared customs yet.
• He changed his mind about the leaving. (v) (v)
• She changed money before going to the • The bank requires four days to clear the
airport. (v) check. (v)
chapter (n) clerical (adj)
character (n) clerk (n)
charge (n & v) clever (adj)
click (on) (n & v)
• His charges are too high. (n)
client (n)
• How much do you charge? (v)
climate (n)
• in charge (of)
• Today's economic climate doesn't encourage
chart (n)
expansion.
charter (n & v)
climate change (n)
• The company chartered a plane. (v) climb (v)
• a customer charter (n) • Prices have climbed steadily.
• a charter flight (n) clinic (n)
chat (n & v) clock (n)
close (adj & v) • a common event
close down (phr v) • have something in common
• The factory has closed down. communicate (v)
close (to) (adj) communication (n)
• My house is close to my office. commute (v & n)
closed (adj) compact (adj)
• Sorry, we are closed. • a compact disc (CD)
cloth (n) • a compact office
clothes (n pl) company (n)
clothing (n) compare (v)
cloudy (adj) comparison (n)
club (n) compete (v)
clue (n) competent (adj)
cm (abbrev) centimeters (Am Eng) / centimetres (Br competition (n)
Eng) • a competition
Co (abbrev) company • competition from another company
cooperate (v) competitive (adj)
cooperation (n) competitor (n)
cooperative (adj & n) complain (v)
• He is very cooperative. (adj) complaint (n)
• This company is a cooperative. (n) complete (v & adj)
coordinate (v) compliment (n & v)
coordination (n) component (n)
coach (n & v) composition (n)
• The company employs a coach. (n) compromise (n & v)
• She coached me through it. (v) computer (n)
coal (n) computer program (programme – often in Br Eng) (n)
coast (n) computer programmer (n)
coffee (n) concentrate (v)
coffee-shop (n) concentration (n)
coin (n) concern (n & v)
cold (adj & n) • The budget overspend is a matter of
colleague (n) concern. (n)
collect (v) • This doesn't concern you. (v)
collection (n) concerned (adj)
color (Am Eng), colour (Br Eng) (n & v) concert (n)
combination (n) conclusion (n)
combine (v) condition (n)
come (v) • It's in good condition.
come down (phr v) • under these conditions
• Computers have come down a lot in price conduct (v)
recently. • conduct a survey
come from (phr v) conference (n)
• I come from Vietnam. confidence (n)
come up (phr v) confident (adj)
• Something has come up and I can't make it confidential (adj)
to the dinner. confirm (n)
come up with (phr v) • confirm an order
• We came up with a solution to the problem. confirmation (n)
comfort (n & v) • waiting for confirmation of an order
comfortable (adj) confused (adj)
command (v & n) congratulations (n & int)
• command a high price (v) connect (v)
• command someone to do something (v) connecting (flight) (adj)
• issue a command (n) connection (n)
commence (v) conservative (adj)
comment (n & v) consider (v)
commerce (n) considerable (adj)
commercial (n & adj) considerate (adj)
• a television commercial (n) consignment (n)
• a commercial organization (adj) consist (n)
commission (n & v) constant (adj)
• to earn commission on a sale (n) • constant level
• to commission someone to do something (v) construct (v)
commit (v) construction (n)
• committed to her work consul (n)
consulate (n)
• commit resources to a project
consult (v)
committee (n)
consultancy (n)
common (adj)
consultant (n)
consultation (n) court (n)
consumer (n) cover (n & v)
• consumer confidence • Put the cover on the keyboard. (n)
consumer goods (n) • My desk is covered with papers. (v)
contact (n & v) • insurance cover (n)
contain (v) • The seminar covered a range of topics. (v)
content (adj) crash (v & n)
content(s) (n) • My computer crashed. (v)
contest (v & n) • a stock market crash (n)
continent (n) crazy (adj)
continue (v) create (v)
contract (n & v) creation (n)
• He is contracted to work 42 hours per week. creative (adj)
(v) credit (n)
• The contract is due for renewal. (n) • on credit
contribute (v) • in credit
contribution (n)
• to credit an account
control (n &v)
• credit card
• He cannot control his temper. (v)
• credit control
• He has lost control of budget decisions. (n)
crime (n)
convenience (n)
criminal (adj & n)
• convenience foods criticize (Am Eng), criticise (Br Eng) (v)
convenient (adj) CRM (abbrev) customer relationship management
conversation (n) crop (n & v)
convince (v) cross (n & v)
COO (n) Chief Operating Officer
• Mark the box with a cross. (n)
cool (adj & v)
• If you cross the road, you'll see our office on
cope (with) (v)
the corner. (v)
copy (n & v)
cross out (phr v)
• Have you got a copy? (n)
crossing (n)
• Copy this letter, please. (v)
• a pedestrian crossing
copy machine (copier) (Am Eng) (n)
crossroads (n)
corner (n)
crowd (n & v)
corporate (adj)
crowded (adj)
• corporate client CSR (abbrev) corporate social responsibility
• corporate entertainment cruel (adj)
• corporate rate(s) culture (n)
corporate social responsibility (CSR) (n) cup (n)
corporation (n) cupboard (n)
correct (adj & v) curious (adj)
• Is this correct? (adj) currency (n)
• I will correct it for you. (v) current (adj)
correction (n) current account (n)
correspond (v) curriculum (n)
• correspond by email curriculum vitae/CV (Br Eng), resume (Am Eng) (n)
correspondence (n) curve (n & v)
corridor (n) custom (n)
cost (n & v) customer (n)
• We have to look at all the costs. (n) customer base (n)
• The new equipment cost more than we customer care (n)
planned. (v) customer relationship management (CRM) (n)
costing(s) (n) customer service (n)
cotton (n) customs (n)
could (v) • go through customs
• could I have …? • a customs officer
could do with (phr) • customs duty
• I could do with a vacation. • a local custom
count (v) cut (n & v)
country (n) • a cut in the number of jobs (n)
countryside (n) • to cut costs (v)
couple (n) • to cut some paper (v)
courage (n) cut back (n & phr v)
courier (n & v) • Further financial cutbacks are expected next
• courier service (n) year. (n)
• have something couriered (v) • Due to the difficult economic conditions we
course (n) will need to cut back on the number of staff.
• an English course (phr v)
• of course cut down (phr v)
 • We need to cut down on spending. • We hope for a large number of delegates at
cut up (phr v) this year's conference. (n)
• The budget hasn't been cut up fairly. delete (v)
cut-price (adj) deletion (n)
delicious (adj)
delighted (adj)
D deliver (v)
delivery (n)
daily (adj & adv) demand (n & v)
damage (n & v) demanding (adj)
danger (n) demonstrate (v)
dangerous (adj) demonstration (n)
dark (adj & n) • demonstration in support or something
data (n) • a demonstration of a new product
data processing (n) dentist (n)
database (n) deny (v)
date (n & v) depart (v)
• What's the date today? (n) department (n)
• to date a letter (v) department store (n)
• It covers my career to date. (adv) departure (n)
date-stamp (n) depend (v)
day (n) • It depends on what you do.
day off (n) deposit (n & v)
deadline (n) • pay a deposit (n)
deadlock (n) • deposit money in an account (v)
• The negotiations reached a deadlock. depressed (adj)
deal (n & v) • a depressed area/industry
• a business deal (n) depression (n)
• to make a deal (n) • economic depression
• deal with someone/something (v) Dept (n) department
• deal in (v) depth (n)
dear (adj) describe (v)
• Dear Sir/Madam description (n)
• Oh dear! desert (n)
debit (n & v) design (n & v)
debt (n) designer (n)
• large debts desk (n)
• in debt desktop (adj & n)
decide (v) despatch (Br Eng - variant of 'dispatch') (n & v)
decimal (adj & n) despite (prep)
decision (n) dessert (n)
decision-making (n) destination (n)
decisive (adj) destroy (v)
declare (v) detail (n)
decline (n & v) determined (adj)
• There's been a sharp decline in the sales of develop (v)
the MK2 model. (n) diagram (n)
• Profits declined sharply. (v) dial (n & v)
decrease (n & v) diary (n)
dedicated (adj) dictate (v)
deduct (v) dictionary (n)
deep (adj & adv) die (v)
differ (v)
• in deep trouble (adj)
difference (n)
• sink deep into debt (adv)
different (adj)
defeat (n & v)
difficult (adj)
defective (adj)
dig (v)
defend (v)
digit (n)
defense (Am Eng), defence (Br Eng) (n)
digital (adj)
definite (adj)
dine (v)
definitely (adv)
dining room (n)
degree (n)
dinner (n)
• 90 degrees dip (n & v)
• (have) a degree in • There was a dip in profits last year. (n)
delay (n &v)
• Productivity usually dips before lunch. (v)
delegate (n & v)
diploma (n)
• You need to delegate more of your direct (adj & v)
responsibilities. (v) direct cost (n)
direct debit (n) downturn (n)
direct mail (n) downward (adj & adv)
direct marketing (n) dozen (n)
direction (n) drama (n)
• walk in the wrong direction dramatic (adj)
• read the directions on the box • a dramatic increase
directory (n) dramatically (adv)
• a telephone directory • Sales increased dramatically.
disabled (adj, n & v) draw (n & v)
• elevators for disabled people (adj) drawer (n)
• the disabled (n) dream (n &v)
• they disabled his account (v) dress (n & v)
disadvantage (n & v) drink (n & v)
disagree (v) • dinner and drinks
disappoint (v) drive (n & v)
disappoint (v) driving license (Am Eng), driving licence (Br Eng) (n)
discount (n & v) drop (n & v)
discover (v) • There's been a big drop in the number of
discuss (v) days people are taking off. ()
discussion (n) • You've dropped your pen. ()
disc/disk (n) drug(s) (n)
• compact disc • a multi-national drug company
• hard disk drug store (Am Eng) (n)
dish (n) dry (adj & v)
dislike (v & n) dry cleaning (n)
dismiss (v) due (adj)
dispatch (n & v) • The next payment is due in five days.
display (n & v) • due date
• It was a good display. (n) • The plane is due at …
• She displayed her talent. (v) • The train is due to arrive.
distance (n) due to (prep phr)
distant (adj) • Shares fell due to loss of confidence.
distribute (v) dull (adj)
distribution (n) duplicate (n & v)
district (n) during (prep)
disturb (v) duty (n)
divide (v) • pay duty on imported goods
division (n) • duty-free goods
dizzy (adj) • office duties
do (v) DVD (n)
doable (adj)
doctor/Dr (n)
document (n) E
documentary (n & adj)
documentation (n) E (abbrev) east
dollar (n) each (det & pron)
domestic (adj) eager (adj)
• Domestic sales are up. early (adj & adv)
• Domestic appliances are the company's • go to work early (adv)
most profitable line. • in the early 1990s (adj)
door (n) • in the early stages of development (adj)
door-to-door (adj & adv) earn (v)
dotted line (n) earnings (n pl)
• Please sign on the dotted line. east (adj, adv & n)
double (adj & v) eastern (adj)
• Please book a double room. (adj) easy (adj)
• Inflation doubled last year. (v) eat (v)
doubt (n & v) e-book (n)
down (adj, v & prep) e-business (n)
• Our internet is down. (adv) e-commerce (n)
• Sales of all our products are down. (adv) economic (adj)
• Prices have gone down. (adv) • economic growth
• His office is down the corridor on the left. • the economic situation
(prep) economical (adj)
• He's been feeling down since he lost his job. economics (n)
(adj) economy (n)
download (n & v) economy class (n & adj)
downstairs (adv) edge (n & v)
educate (v)
education (n) • We estimated the costs. (v)
effect (n) EU (abbrev) European Union
effective (adj) exchange (n & v)
efficient (adj) euro (n)
effort (n) even (adv)
e.g. (abbrev) for example • He couldn't even do that.
either (det, adv & pron) even if (conj)
elect (v) even though (conj)
election (n) evening (n & adj)
electric (adj) event (n)
electrical (adj) eventually (adv)
electricity (n) ever (adv)
electronic (adj) everybody (n)
electronic mail (email) (n) everyone (n)
electronics (n) everything (n)
elementary (adj) everywhere (adv)
elevator (n) (usually lift in Br Eng) exact (adj)
else (adv) exactly (adv)
email (n & v) exam (abbrev) examination
embarrass (v) examination (n)
embassy (n) examine (v)
emergency (n) example (n)
employ (v) exceed (v)
employee (n) excellent (adj)
employer (n) except (prep & conj)
employment agency (n) excess (n)
empty (adj) • excess capacity
enable (v) exchange (n & v)
enclose (v) exchange rate (n)
encourage (v) excited (adj)
end (n & v) exciting (adj)
energy (n) exclude (v)
engaged (adj) excluding (prep)
• The phone was engaged. excuse (n & v)
engagement (n) • Excuse me. (v)
• I have a business engagement on that day. • It was just an excuse, not the real reason. (n)
engine (n) executive (n & adj)
engineering (n) exercise (n & v)
English (adj & n) exhausted (adj)
enjoy (v) exhibit (n & v)
enormous (adj) exhibition (n)
enough (adj, adv & n) • a trade exhibition
enquire (Br Eng), inquire (Am Eng) (v) exist (v)
enquiry (Br Eng), inquiry (Am Eng) (n) exit (n & v)
enroll (Am Eng), enrol (Br Eng) (v) expand (v)
en-suite (n & adj) expansion (n)
ensure (Br Eng), insure (v) expect (v)
enter (v) expectation (n)
entertain (v) • We need to meet our customers'
enthusiasm (n) expectations.
enthusiastic (adj) expenditure (n)
entire (adj) expense(s) (n)
entrance (n)
• the expense of hiring staff
entrée (n)
• to claim for travel expenses
entry (n)
expensive (adj)
envelope (n)
experience (n & v)
environment (n)
experienced (adj)
environmental (adj)
experiment (n & v)
envy (n & v)
equal (adj & v) • The experiment was interesting. (n)
equip (v) • They experimented with new ideas. (v)
equipment (n) expert (n & adj)
escalator (n) explain (v)
escape (n & v) explanation (n)
especially (adv) explode (v)
essential (adj) • Demand for our new product has exploded.
establish (v) explore (v)
estimate (n & v) export (n & v)
• The estimate for repairs was low. (n) express (adj & v)
• an express train (adj)
 • express delivery (adj) fault (n)
• express an idea (v) • It's John's fault the report is late.
• express an opinion (v) • There is a technical fault.
• express interest in (v) favorite (Am Eng), favourite (Br Eng) (adj)
expression (n) fax (n & v)
• I could tell from her expression that she fax machine (n)
wasn't happy. fear (n & v)
extend (v) fed up (with) (phr adj)
extension (n) fee (n)
external (adj) feedback (n)
extra (adj, adv & n) feel (v)
extract (n & v) feel like (v)
• an extract from the report feel up to (phr v)
• extract rare metals from the earth • I don't feel up to such a challenge.
extraordinary (adj) female (n & adj)
extremely (adv) ferry (n & v)
eye (n & v) festival (n)
fetch (v)
few (det & pron)
F fiction (n)
• sales of non-fiction have increased
F (abbrev) Fahrenheit field (n)
FAQ (abbrev) frequently asked questions • the field of engineering
FYI (abbrev) for your information fight (n & v)
facilities (n) figure (n)
• leisure facilities • see Figure 6
• staff facilities • sales figures
• The hotel has excellent facilities. file (n &b v)
face (v) • Could you get me the file on Unicorn
• face a problem Holdings? (n)
facing (v & prep) • Could you file these papers for me, please.
fact (n) (v)
factor (n) filing (n)
factory (n) fill (v)
fail (v) • fill something to the top
failure (n) fill in (phr v)
faint (adj) • I need to fill in this form.
• a faint line fill up (phr v)
fair (adj & n) • Let me fill up your glass.
• The way of calculating bonus payments is film (n & v)
not fair. (adj) final (adj)
• The sales figures were fair rather than good. final demand (n)
(adj) finalize (Am Eng), finalise (Br Eng) (v)
• The trade fair will be in July. (n) finance (n & v)
faithfully (adv) financial (adj)
• Yours faithfully financial advisor (n)
fall (n & v) financial year (n)
• There was a sharp fall in profits. (n) find (v)
• Share prices have been falling very quickly. find out (phr v)
(v) • I must find out when Mr Takaka is arriving.
fall asleep (v) fine (adj, n & v)
fall out finish (n & v)
• The partners fell out over how to allocate the fire (n & v)
budget. • Fire completely destroyed the warehouse.
false (adj) (n)
• a false statement • There was a small fire in the office. (n)
family (n) • He's in charge of 'hiring and firing' (n)
famous (adj) • He was fired for selling company secrets. (v)
fan (n) fire alarm (n)
• The fan isn't working. firm (adj & n)
fantastic (adj) • a firm offer (adj)
far (adv) • a good firm to work for (n)
fare (n) first (adj, adv, det & pron)
• The return fare is $256. • Fill in your first name. (adj)
fascinating (adj) • first aid (n)
fashion (n) • first of all (adv)
fast (adj & adv) • He was the first to draw attention to the
fasten (v) mistake. (pron)
 • Could you do the filing first? (adv) • fill in a form (n)
first class (adj & n) • order form (n)
fit (n, adj & v) • to form a committee (v)
• His skills fit well with our needs. (v) formal (adj)
• Our recent acquisition is a good fit with the former (adj & pron)
rest of our operation. (n) fortnight (Br Eng) (n)
• She keeps fit. (adj) fortunate (adj)
fitness (n) forward (v)
• health and fitness sector • forward a file
fix (v) forward(s) (adv)
• Could you get the printer fixed today? founder (n)
• She fixed the shelf to the wall. fountain (n)
• My PA has fixed the date for the meeting. free (adj)
fixed cost (n) free market (n)
fixed-term (adj) free sample (n)
flag (n & v) free trade (n)
flat (adj & n) freelance (n)
fleet (n) freeway (Am Eng), motorway (Br Eng) (n)
• a fleet of trucks/cars/ships freeze (n & adj)
flexible (adj) freezing (adj)
flexibility (n) freight (n & v)
flight (n) frequent (adj)
fresh (adj)
• direct flight
freshen up (phr v)
• non-stop flight
fridge (n)
flip chart (n)
fried (adj)
float (n & v)
friend (n)
flood (n & v)
friendly (adj)
floor (n)
frighten (v)
flotation (n)
from (prep)
• flotation on the stock exchange front (adj & n)
flowchart (n) frustrated (adj)
fluctuate (v) fuel (n & v)
fluctuation (n) fulfill (Am Eng), fulfil (Am Eng) (v)
fly (v) full (adj)
focus (n & v) full-time (adj & adv)
fog (n) fun (n)
fold (n & v) function (n & v)
folder (n)
• job function
follow (v)
• This machine has several useful functions.
following (adj & prep)
• a social function
• The following people are needed at the
opening. (adj) • The machine isn't functioning properly.
fund (n & v)
• Following the meeting, he made changes to
funding (n)
the report. (prep)
funny (adj)
fond (adj)
furious (adj)
food (n)
furnish (v)
• Food is becoming more expensive.
furniture (n)
• The fast-food sector is growing. further (adj & adv)
foot/feet (n)
• We will need a further investment of
• six foot/feet tall $1million. (adj)
• at the foot of the page • We cannot grow further in this market. (adv)
for (prep) further to (prep phr)
forbid (v)
• Further to our phone conversation, I am
force (n & v)
writing to …
• market forces (n) future (adj & n)
• I was forced to resign. (v)
forecast (n & v)
• We forecast a growth in this sector. (v) G
• The sales forecast is very positive. (n)
foreign (adj) gain (n & v)
foreign currency (n) gallery (n)
foreign exchange (n) gallon (n)
foreigner (n) game (n)
foreman (n) gap (n)
forget (v) garage (n)
forgetful (adj) gas (n)
forgive (v) • She works as an engineer in the oil and gas
form (n & v) industry.
gas (Am Eng), petrol (Br Eng) (n) go (v)
gate (n) go down (phr v)
general (adj) • Sales went down last year.
generous (adj) go for (phr v)
gentle (adj) • He went for the job.
gentleman (n) go off (phr v)
• Ladies and gentlemen • He went off to work in Australia.
genuine (adj) • Suddenly the lights all went off.
geography (n) • The alarm went off.
get (v) go on (phr v)
get along with (phr v) • The meeting went on till 6pm.
• I get along well with my supervisor. • What's going on?
get around (phr v)
• The lights suddenly went on.
• How will you get around when you're in go out (phr v)
Bangkok?
• The fire has gone out.
• We managed to get around the problem.
• We're going out with our new supervisor
get back (phr v)
tonight.
• When did you get back from New York? go through (phr v)
get back to (phr v)
• I need to go through last month's sales
• Thanks for getting back to me. figures.
get down (phr v) go up (phr v)
• Did you manage to get all that information • Prices have gone up a lot.
down? go with (phr v)
• I climbed up, but I couldn't get down. • The new design didn't go with the company
get in (phr v) image.
• Can visitors can get in through the staff goal (n)
entrance? • career goals
get into/out of (phr v) gold (n)
• She got out of the taxi. golf (n)
get in touch (phr) good (adj)
• Please get in touch if you would like my goodbye (int)
help. goods (n)
get off (phr v) govern (v)
• We're getting off at the next stop. grade (n & v)
get on (phr v) • We need high-grade materials.
• Get your coat on, and we'll leave. • What grade is the job?
get on with (phr v) • Staff were re-graded.
• How are you getting on with the proposal? gradual (adj)
• Do you get on well with your colleagues? graduate (n & v)
get rid of (phr v) • He's a graduate of a good business school.
• Could you get rid of these old files? (n)
get to (phr v) • She graduated in 2011. (v)
• How long does it take to get to the city graduation (n)
center from here? gram (n)
get something to someone (phr) grammar (n)
• Can you get it to me by 5pm? grant (n & v)
get up (phr v) • He was given a grant to study new
• What time did you get up this morning? management methods. (n)
gift (n) • The CEO granted his request to attend the
gift voucher (n) conference. (v)
girl (n) graph (n)
give in (phr v) graphics (n)
• He gave in to their demands. grateful (adj)
• Have you handed in your monthly report yet? gray (Am Eng), grey (Br Eng) (adj)
give out (phr v) • a gray area
• I've already given out the new security great (adj)
passes . great deal of (det)
give up (phr v) • a great deal of attention
• David is planning to give up his job and go green (adj)
freelance. • a green policy
glad (adj) greet (v)
glance (n & v) grey (Br Eng), gray (Am Eng) (adj)
• I've glanced at the figures. grilled (adj)
glass (n & adj) gross (adj)
glasses (n) • gross profit
global (adj) • gross weight
• global market ground (n)
globalization (Am Eng), globalisation (Br Eng) (n) group (n)
 • The group was large. (n & v) have (v)
• Trainees are grouped together for discussion • We have a number of advantages.
activities. (v) • We only had a short break.
grow (v) • I had dinner early.
growth (n) have a
guarantee (n & v) • have a go/try
guard (n & v) • have a look/think
guess (n & v) have got (v)
guest (n) have to (v)
guest house (n) he (pron)
guide (n & v) head (n & v)
• He has experience as a tour guide. (n) • at the head of the line (n)
• I'll guide you around the factory. (v) • the head of marketing (n)
guided tour (n) • head a committee/group (v)
guilty (adj) head office (n)
gymnasium (n) headline (n)
headquarters (n)
H health (n)
health and safety (n)
hear (v)
habit (n)
heart (n)
hair (n)
hairdresser (n) • in the heart of the city
half (adj, adv & n) • the heart of the problem
hall (n) heat (n & v)
hallo/hello (exclam) • Water retains heat longer than air. (n)
hallway (n) • The economy could overheat. (v)
hand (n & v) heating (n)
• shake hands (n) heavy (adj)
• He handed her the book. (v) height (n)
• second-hand helicopter (n)
hello/hallo (excalm)
• on hand
help (n & v)
• in hand
helpdesk (n)
• by hand helpline (n)
• to hand her (adj & pron)
hand in (phr v) here (adv)
• Could you hand in your report before the end hers (pron)
of the week? herself (pron)
hand out (phr v) hesitate (v)
• Could you hand out the minutes of the • please do not hesitate to ...
meeting? hi-fi (n & adj)
handout (n) high-speed rail (n)
• The handouts from the training are quite hi(gh)-tec(h) (adj)
useful. hidden (adj)
handbag (n) • hidden costs
handbook (n) • hidden agenda
handle (n & n) hide (v)
• The door handle is broken. (n) high (adj, adv & n)
• Please handle with care. (v) highlight (n & v)
• He handles all telephone inquiries. (v) highway (n) (Am Eng)
• She handled the situation well. (v) hill (n)
hand luggage (n) him (pron)
handwriting (n) himself (pron)
hang (v) hire (n & v)
• He decided to hang the calendar on the wall. • for hire (n)
hang out (phr v) • in charge of 'hiring and firing' (n)
hang up (v) • hire more staff (v)
• She hung up before the caller had finished. • hire a car (Br Eng), rent a car (Am Eng) (v)
happen (v) his (adj & pron)
happy (adj) history (n)
harbor (Am Eng), harbour (Br Eng) (n) hit (n & v)
hard (adj & adv) • a hit on a website (n)
hardly (adv) • hit your sales target (v)
• There was hardly any time. hobby (n)
• He could hardly wait. hold (v)
hardware (n) • Hold on a second.
hard-working (adj) • hold an event
hate (n & v) • get hold of someone
hold up (phr v) in debt (prep phr)
• He was held up in heavy traffic. in charge of (prep phr)
hole (n) in difficulties (prep phr)
holiday (n) in fact (prep phr)
home (n & adv) in front of (prep phr)
honest (adj) in general (prep phr)
hope (n & v) in half (prep phr)
horrible (adj) in order (prep phr)
hospital (n) in order to (prep phr)
hospitality (n) in pieces (prep phr)
host (n & v) in place (prep phr)
hot (adj) in private (prep phr)
hotel (n) in public (prep phr)
hour (n) in secret (prep phr)
hourly rate (n) in sight (prep phr)
hourly fee (n) in stock (prep phr)
house (n) in the end (prep phr)
how (adv) in time (prep phr)
how do you do? (int) in touch (prep phr)
how much/many (adv) • get/be/keep in touch
however (adv & conj) in town (prep phr)
huge (adj) in turn (prep phr)
human (n & adj) incentive (n)
human resource (department) (n) inch (n)
humid (adj) include (v)
hundred (n) including (prep)
hurry (n & v) income (n)
hr (abbrev) hour inconvenience (n)
inconvenient (adj)
incorrect (adj)
I increase (n & v)
indeed (adv)
I (pron) independent (adj)
ice (n) index (n)
icon (n) • the index of a book
idea (n) indicate (v)
identity (n) indication (n)
• identity card individual (adj & n)
ID (abbrev) identification indoor (adj)
i.e. (abbrev) in other words indoors (adv)
if (conj) industrial (adj)
• if necessary industry (n)
• if possible • the steel industry
ill (adj) infected (adj)
illegal (adj) • infected with a computer virus
illness (n) inflation (n)
image (n) influence (n & v)
imagination (n) • She was a negative influence on other team
imagine (v) members. (n)
immature (adj) • Her boss influenced her a great deal. (v)
immediate (adj) inform (v)
immigration (n) informal (adj)
import (n & v) information (n)
import duty (n) information technology (IT) (n)
importance (n) in front (of) (prep & adv)
important (adj) inhabitant (n)
impossible (adj) in-house (adj & adv)
impress (v) initiate (v)
impression (n) initiative (n)
impressive (adj) injure (v)
improve (v) injury (n)
in (adv & prep) ink (n)
in a hurry (prep phr) innovate (v)
in advance (prep phr) innovation (n)
in any case (prep phr) innovative (adj)
in case of (prep phr) inquire (Am Eng), enquire (Br Eng) (v)
• in case of fire inquiry (Am Eng), enquiry (Br Eng) (n)
• in case of delays inside (adj, prep & adv)
in charge (of) (prep phr) insist (v)
in danger (prep phr)
inspect (v) job description (n)
inspection (n) job satisfaction (n)
install (v) job security (n)
installation (n) join (v)
installment (Am Eng) instalment (Br Eng) (n) • I joined the company last year.
• pay in/by installments joint (adj)
instance (n) • joint venture
instead (of) (adv) joke (n & v)
instructions (n) journal (n)
instructor (n) journalist (n)
insurance (n) journey (n)
insurance policy (n) judge (n & v)
insure (v) jump (n & v)
intelligent (adj) • There's been a big jump in prices. (n)
intend (v) • Share prices have jumped by 3%. (v)
interest (n & v) junction (n)
• earn interest on a loan (n) just (adv)
• Can I interest you in …? (v)
interesting (adj)
intermediate (adj) K
internal (adj)
• internal promotion keen (adj)
• internal correspondence • I'm not keen on the new product.
international (adj) • He's keen to improve our brand image.
internet (n) keep (v)
intercultural / inter-cultural (adj) • Costs keep rising.
interpersonal (adj) keep on (phr v)
interpret (v) • They kept on advertising even though their
interrupt (v) profits were falling.
intersection (n) keep up (phr v)
interval (n) • Keep up the good work.
interview (n & v) • He has to keep up with new technological
into (prep) developments.
introduce (v) key (n & adj)
introduction (n) • key to a lock (n)
introductory (adj) • key to success (n)
invent (v) • This is a key post. (adj)
invention (n) key in (v)
invest (v) keyboard (n)
investment (n)
• a computer keyboard
invitation (n)
kg (abbrev) kilogram
invite (v)
km (abbrev) kilometer (Am Eng), kilometre (Br Eng)
invoice (n & v)
kmph (abbrev) kilometers/kilometres per hour
involve (v)
kind (adj & n)
iron (n)
• My boss is a very kind person. (adj)
• made of iron
• What kind of work do you do? (n)
island (n)
kiosk (n)
issue (n & v)
kitchen (n)
• issue of a magazine (n)
knock (n & v)
• issues about pay (n) knock down (phr v)
• issue a statement (v) know (v)
IT (abbrev) information technology knowledge (n)
it (pron)
item (n)
• Several items were damaged during L
transportation.
• The first item for discussion is the recent label (n & v)
accident in the plant. lab (abbrev) laboratory
its (pron) labor (Am Eng), labour (Br Eng)
itself (pron) • the labor market
• manual labor
J lack (n & v)
ladder (n)
• career ladder
jacket (n) lady (n)
jealous (adj)
• Ladies and Gentlemen
jet (plane) (n)
lamp (n)
• go by jet land (n & v)
job (n) landing (n)
landlady (n) level out (phr v)
landlord (n) • Sales have finally leveled out.
language (n) liberal (adj)
laptop (n) • a liberal style of management
large (adj) library (n)
laser (n) license (v)
laser printer (n) license (Am Eng), licence (Br Eng) (n)
last (det, adj, adv & v) lie (n & v)
late (adj) life (n)
later (adv) • shelf life
laugh (n & v) lifestyle (n)
launch (n & v) lift (v & n)
• The company is holding a product launch for • can you give me a lift please (n)
the MZ4. (n) • please help me lift this box (v)
• We're about to launch a new service. (v) • He took the lift to the fifth floor. (Br Eng)
laundry (n) elevator (Am Eng) (n)
• hotel laundry service light (adj, n & v)
law (n) like (v & prep)
lawyer (n) likely (adj)
lay (v) limit (n & v)
layer (n) limited company (Ltd) (n)
lay off (n & v) line (n)
layout (n) • the production line
lay out (phr v) • lines on a page
lazy (adj)
• phone line
lb (abbrev) pound weight
• railway line
lead (v & n)
• helpline / customer service line
• Where does this road lead? (v)
line manager (n)
• We lead the market in computer power
link (n & v)
supplies. (v)
• internet link (n)
• Other companies have taken our lead in
• The computers are linked to a server. (v)
recruiting foreign managers. (n)
liquid (n & adj)
lead to (prh v)
list (n & v)
• lead to a situation where ...
listen (to) (v)
leader (n)
liter (Am Eng), litre (Br Eng) (n)
• a strong leader little (adj & pron)
• market leader live (adj & v)
leadership (n) living (adj)
leading (adj) • the cost of living
leaflet (n) load (n)
learn (v)
• The load was too heavy. (n)
least (adj & adv)
• We need to load the goods on to the truck.
• the least amount (adj)
(v)
• at least (adv) loan (n & v)
leather (n & adj) local (adj & n)
leave (v) locate (v)
• leave a message location (n)
• leave the industry lock (n & v)
leave out (phr v) locker (n)
lecture (n & v) logistics (n)
left (n & adj) logo (n)
• on the left (n) log on (phr v)
• only three left (adj) lonely (adj)
legal (adj) long (adj & adv)
leisure (n) • It's a long journey. (adj)
leisure industry (n) • Have you been waiting long? (adv)
lend (v) long-term / long term (adj & n)
length (n) • in the long term (n)
less (adj, adv & pron) • a long-term strategy (adj)
lesson (n) look (n & v)
let (v) look after (phr v)
let's (v)
• He needs to look after his father.
let somebody know (phr v)
• Who looks after the financial part?
• Let me know what you would prefer.
look ahead (phr v)
letter (n)
look for (phr v)
level (adj & n)
• Who are you looking for?
level off (phr v)
look forward to (phr v)
• Growth in the economy has leveled off.
• I look forward to meeting you.
look like (phr v) manners (n)
• The new model looks like the old one. manual (n & adj)
look out (phr v) • You will find the information in the manual.
• Look out or you'll have an accident. (n)
look up (phr v) • It's a manual process. (adj)
• Look up the meaning of a word in the manufacture (v)
dictionary. many (adj, det & pron)
loose (adj) map (n & v)
lose (v) margin (n)
• lose money mark (n & v)
• lose your keys market (n & v)
loss (n) • There's a good market for electronics here.
lost luggage/property (n) (n)
lot (n) • She bought some flowers from the market.
lot of (det) (a lot of) (n)
loud (adj) • They marketed their goods overseas. (v)
lounge (n) market forces (n)
love (n & v) market leader (n)
low (adj, n & adv) market research (n)
lower (v, adj & adv) market share (n)
loyal (adj) market value (n)
loyalty (n) marketing (n)
luck (n) • I've applied for a job in marketing.
luggage (n) marketplace (n)
lunch (n) married (adj)
lunchtime (n) mass (adj)
luxury (n) • mass market
• mass media
M mass-produce (v)
mass production (n)
master (n, adj & v)
m (abbrev) meter (Am Eng), metre (Br Eng)
match (n & v)
MA (abbrev) Masters degree (in Arts)
• The agency matches staff to vacancies. (v)
machine (n)
machinery (n) • It's important to find a job that matches your
mad (adj) skills. (v)
madam (n) • The two companies in the merger are a good
• Dear Sir/Madam match. (n)
magazine (n) mate (n)
mail (n & v) • a workmate
mailbox (n) material (n)
mail order (n) • the training material(s)
mailing list (n) • construction materials
mailshot (n) • raw materials
main (adj) mathematics (n)
main course (n) math (Am Eng), maths (Br Eng) (abbrv) mathematics
maintain (v) matter (n & v)
maintenance (n) • Is anything the matter? (n)
major (adj & n) • Thank you for your help with this matter. (n)
majority (n) • It doesn't matter. (v)
make (v) mature (adj)
• make money • a mature attitude
• make a comparison • mature student
• make a note • mature investment
make it (v + n) • mature sector of the market
• I'm sorry, I can't make it to your opening. max (adj) maximum
make up (n) may (v)
make up (phr v) maybe (adv)
• make up the difference MBA (abbrev) Masters in Business Administration
• make up an excuse me (pron)
male (n & adj) meal (n)
manage (v) mean (n)
• manage a business • What do you mean?
• manage to do something • What does this mean?
management (n) meant (be meant to) (phr)
manager (n) • They were meant to be here by 2pm.
managerial (adj) meaning (v)
managing director (MD) (Br Eng) = CEO (n) means (n)
manner (n)
 • Use whatever means you like, but make sure mix (n & v)
it gets done. mobile (n & adj)
measure (n & v) • I need a new mobile (phone). (n)
• measure the distance (v) • He isn't mobile at the moment. (adj)
• a drastic measure (n) model (n & adj)
mechanic (n) • It's cheap because it's last year's model. (n)
media (n) • She's a model employee. (adj)
medicine (n) modern (adj)
medium (adj) moment (n)
meet (v) • at the moment
• Could we meet on Thursday morning? money (n)
• Pleased to meet you. monopoly (n)
• Are we meeting the needs of our month (n)
customers? mood (n)
meeting (n) moody (adj)
• be in a meeting more (adv, det & pron)
• have a meeting morning (n)
member (n) mosque (n)
membership (n) most (adv, det & pron)
memo (abbrev) memorandum motivate (v)
memory (n) motivation (n)
• have a good memory motor (n)
• computer memory motorbike (n)
mend (v) motorcycle (n)
motorway (Br Eng), freeway (Am Eng) (n)
• mend a faulty machine
mountain (n)
mention (n & v)
menu (n) • a mountain in the north
merge (v) • a mountain of work
message (n) mouse (n)
messy (adj) • The mouse on my computer isn't working.
metal (n) move (n & v)
method (n) movie (n)
• production methods movie theater (Am Eng) / theatre (Br Eng) (n)
meter (Am Eng), metre (Br Eng) (n) mph (abbrev) miles per hour
microphone (n) Mr (title)
midday (n) Mrs (title)
middle (n & adj) Ms (title)
middle-aged (adj) much (adv, det & pron)
middle management (n) multinational (adj)
midnight (n) multiply (v)
might (v) • multiply 14 by 3
mild (adj) museum (n)
mile (n) music (n)
milestone (n) musical (adj)
million (n) musician (n)
millimeter (Am Eng), millimetre (Br Eng) (n) must (v & n)
min (abbrev) minimum my (pron)
mind (n & v) myself (pron)
• His mind was on other things. (n)
• Would you mind if I postponed the meeting?
(v)
N
• Mind your head! (v) N (abbrev) north
mine (pron) name (n & v)
mineral (n & adj) narrow (adj)
mineral water (n) national (adj)
minor (adj) nationality (n)
minus (adj & prep) nationwide (adj & adv)
min (abbrev) minute natural (adj)
minutes (n) nature (n)
• the minutes of a meeting NB (abbrev) note well
misc (abbrev) miscellaneous NE (abbrev) north east
miscellaneous (adj) NW (abbrev) north west
miserable (adj) near (adv & prep)
miss (n & v) neat (adj)
mistake (n & v) necessary (adj)
• It was a mistake. (n) need (n & v)
• He mistook her for a former employee. (v) negative (adj)
misunderstand (v) • a negative attitude
negotiable (adj) occupy (v)
negotiate (v) • the room is occupied
negotiation (n) occur (v)
neighbor (Am Eng), neighbour (Br Eng) (n) of (prep)
neighborhood (Am Eng), neighbourhood (Br Eng) (n) of course (adv)
neither (conj, det & pron) off (adv & prep)
nervous (adj) offend (v)
net (adj & v) offer (n & v)
• He has a net income of $50,000 a year. (adj) office (n)
• The company netted a record profit last year. officer (n)
(v) official (adj & n)
network (n & v) often (adv)
• to network computers (v) oil (n & v)
• a computer network (n) OK/okay (int & adj)
• a network of agents (n) old (adj)
• networking (n) omit (v)
never (adv) on (prep)
new (adj) on a journey (prep phr)
news (n) on a visit (prep phr)
newsagent (n) on board (prep phr)
newsletter (n) on business (prep phr)
newspaper (n) on fire (prep phr)
next (det, adj, adv & pron) on foot (prep phr)
next to (prep) on holiday (prep phr)
nice (adj) on sale (prep phr)
night (n) on time (prep phr )
nightlife (n) once (adv, conj & n)
nil (n) one (n & pron)
no (adv & det) one-way (adj)
no (abbrev) number oneself (pron)
nobody (n) online/on-line (adv & adj)
noise (n) only (adj & adv)
none (adv & pron) onto (prep)
noon (n) open (v & adj)
nor (conj) opening (n)
• neither management nor workers • attend an opening
opening hours (n)
• Nor do I.
operate (v)
normal (adj)
north (adj, adv & pron) • They operate from an old warehouse.
north east (adj, adv & pron) • Would you like me to show you how to
north west (adj, adv & pron) operate this machine?
not/n't (adv) operation (n)
not at all (adv) operator (n)
note (n & v) opinion (n)
note (Br Eng), bill (Am Eng) (n) opportunity (n)
notebook (n) oppose (v)
notepad (n) opposite (adj, adv & prep)
notepaper (n) optimistic (adj)
nothing (pron) option (n)
notice (n & v) or (conj)
noticeboard (n) order (n & v)
now (adv & conj) order form (n)
nowadays (adv) ordinary (adj)
nowhere (adv) organization (Am Eng), organisation (Br Eng) (n)
nr (abbrev) near organize (Am Eng), organise (Br Eng) (v)
nuclear (adj) organized (Am Eng), organised (Br Eng) (adj)
number (n & v) original (adj)
nylon (n) originality (n)
other (adj & pron)
ought (to) (v)
O our (adj)
ours (pron)
o'clock (adv) ourselves (pron)
object (n & v) out (adv)
objective (n & adj) out of (prep)
observe (v) out of date (prep phr)
obtain (v) out of order (prep phr)
occasionally (adv) out of stock (prep phr)
occupation (n) out of work (prep phr)
outdoor (adj) pavement (n)
outdoors (adv) pay (n & v)
outlet (n) pay for (phr v)
output (n & v) payroll (n)
outside (adv, n) peace (n)
oval (adj) peak (phr v)
over (adv & prep) peer (n)
overall (adj & adv) pen (n)
overdraft (n) pencil (n)
overdrawn (adj) pension (n)
overheads (n) people (n)
overnight (adj & adv) per (prep)
overseas (adj & adv) per annum (adv)
oversleep (v) per cent / percent (n, adj & adv)
overtake (v) percentage (n)
overtime (n) perfect (v & adj)
owe (v) perform (v)
owing to (prep) • The company is performing well.
own (v) performance (n)
own (adj & pron) • a strong performance in the stock market
perhaps (adv)
P period (n)
• I will be away for the whole period.
• the beginning/middle/end of the period
PA (abbrev) Personal Assistant
permanent (adj)
pa (abbrev) per anum
permission (n)
pc (abbrev) personal computer
permit (v & n)
p/pp (abbrev) page/pages
person (n)
pack (n & v)
personal assistant (n)
package (n)
personal computer (n)
packaging (n)
personal ID number (n)
packet (n)
personality (n)
packing (n)
personnel (n)
• packing department
persuade (v)
page (n)
pessimistic (adj)
paid leave (n)
petrol (Br Eng), gas (Am Eng) (n)
painful (adj)
petty cash (n)
paint (n & v)
pharmaceutical (adj)
pair (n & v)
• the pharmaceutical industry
palace (n)
pharmacy (n)
pants (n)
phase (n)
paper (n)
phone (n & v)
paperclip / paper clip (n)
photocopier (n)
paperwork (n)
photocopy (n & v)
paragraph (n)
photo(graph) (n & v)
parcel (n)
pick (v)
pardon (int)
pick up (phr v)
• Pardon?
picture (n & v)
park (n & v)
piece (n)
parliament (n)
pile (n & v)
part (n & v)
pilot (n)
part-time/part time (adj & adv)
pie chart (n)
participant (n)
pin (n & v)
participate (v)
• pin something to the wall
participation (n)
particular (adj) • drawing pin
PIN number (n)
• a particular problem
pipe (n)
partner (n)
party (n) • a water pipe
pass (n & v) pity (n & v)
• pass an exam (v) • What a pity! (n)
• a security pass (n) • I don't pity him. (v)
passenger (n) place (n & v)
password (n) plain (adj)
past (adv, n & prep) • It's plain to me.
path (n) • plain blue
patient (adj) plan (n & v)
pattern (n) plane (n)
paragraph (n) planning (n)
pause (v) plant (n & v)
 • The firm has made a huge investment in the • The exercises in this book provide plenty of
new plant. (n) practice.
• Farmers need to plant crops earlier. (v) • out of practice
• These plants certainly brighten up the office. • good business practice
(n) practice (Am Eng), practise (Br Eng) (v)
plastic (n & adj) praise (n & v)
platform (n) precious (adj)
play (v & n) predict (v)
plc (abbrev) public limited company prediction (n)
pleasant (adj) prefer (v)
please (int & v) preference (n)
• Come in, please. (int) preliminary (adj)
• He tried hard to please his boss. (v) premises (n)
pleased (adj) preparation (n)
• pleased to meet you prepare (v)
pleasure (n) prescription (n)
plenty (adj & pron) present (adj, n & v)
plug (n) presentation (n)
• electric plug president (n)
plug in (v) press (n & v)
• The copier isn't plugged in. pretty (adj)
plus (prep, adj & n) prevent (v)
pm (adv) previous (adj)
PM (n) Production Manager price (n & v)
PM (n) Project Manager primary (adj)
pocket (n) • of primary importance
point (n & v) prime minister (n)
point of view (n) principal (n & adj)
police (n) • college principal (n)
police station (n) • principal activity (adj)
policy (n) print (n & v)
polite (adj) printer (n)
political (adj) printout (n)
politician (n) priority (n)
politics (n) prison (n)
pollution (n) private (adj)
pool (n & v) prize (n)
• The company sells swimming pools. (n) probable (adj)
• pool of talent (n) probably (adv)
• pool your resources (v) problem (n)
poor (adj) procedure (n)
process (n)
• She is very poor and hardly earns any
produce (n & v)
money at all.
product (n)
• He has poor interpersonal skills.
production (n)
popular (adj)
productive (adj)
population (n)
productivity (n)
port (n)
profession (n)
portable (adj)
professional (adj)
porter (n)
professor (n)
position (n & v)
proficient (adj)
positive (adj)
profile (n)
possibility (n)
profit (n & v)
possible (adj)
• profit margin (n)
post (n & v)
post office (n) • profit from a business activity (v)
postage (n) profitability (n)
postcard (n) profitable (adj)
postcode (n) program (Am Eng), programme (Br Eng) (n & v)
poster (n) progress (n & v)
postman (n) project (n & v)
postpone (v) projection (n)
potential (adj & n) promise (n & v)
pound (n) promote (v)
pour (v) promotion (n)
power (n) promotional (adj)
PR (abbrev) Public Relations prompt (adj & v)
practical (adj) pronounce (v)
practice (n) pronunciation (n)
proof (n)
proofread (v) quarrel (n & v)
proper (adj) quarter (n)
property (n) quarter to/of (also a quarter of in Am Eng) (n)
proportion () quarter past (also a quarter after in Am Eng) (n)
proposal (n) quay (n)
• We all listened to her proposal. query (n & v)
propose (v) question (n & v)
• propose an idea questionnaire (n)
protect (v) queue (Br Eng), line (Am Eng) (n)
protection (n) queue (Br Eng), line up (Am Eng) (v)
proud (adj) quick (adj)
prove (v) quiet (adj)
provide (v) quite (adv)
PS (abbrev) postscript quiz (n & v)
PTO (abbrev) please turn over quotation (n)
public (adj) • The quotation is higher than expected.
public holiday (n) quote (n & v)
public limited company (Plc) (n) • Could you quote us a price for printing
public opinion (n) 10,000 brochures? (v)
public relations (PR) (n) • The quote hasn't come in yet. (n)
public transport (n)
publication (n)
publicize (Am Eng), publicise (Br Eng) (v) R
publicity (n)
public transport (n) race (n & v)
publish (v) radio (n)
pull (n & v) rail (n)
punctual (adj) railway (n)
punish (v) raise (n & v)
pupil (n) range (n & v)
purchase (n & v) rank (n & v)
pure (adj) • a taxi rank (n)
purpose (n) • Our company ranks in the top five. (v)
push (n & v) rapid (adj)
put away (phr v) rare (adj)
• Put away the file before you leave. rate (n & v)
put back (phr v) rather (adv)
• The meeting was put back until the end of Rd (abbrev) road
the month. re (abbrev) regarding
• She put it back once she'd finished with it. reach (v)
put down (phr v) react (v)
• She put her name down for the conference. reaction (n)
put off (phr v) read (v)
• Let's put the meeting off until next week. ready (adj)
put on (phr v) real (adj)
really (adv)
• He put on his coat as it was cold.
realize (Am Eng), realise (Br Eng) (v)
put out (phr v)
realistic (adj)
• He put out the light.
rearrange (v)
• The company put out an updated version. reason (n & v)
put through (phr v) reasonable (adj)
• Could you put me through to the finance receipt (n)
director, please? receive (v)
put up (phr v) receiver (n)
• Gas companies are putting up their prices • a telephone receiver
next week. recent (adj)
put up with (phr v) reception (n)
• I can't put up with this noise. • the reception desk in a hotel/company
• a business reception to greet delegates
Q receptionist (n)
reckon (v)
qualification (n) recognize (Am Eng), recognise (Br Eng) (v)
qualify (v) recommend (v)
record (n, adj & v)
• qualify as an accountant
• a record of the meeting (n)
• qualify for a discount
quality (n) • record profits (adj)
quality assurance (n) • record a message (v)
quality control (n) recorder (n)
quantity (n) • a digital recorder
recover (v) representative (Sales Rep/Representative) (n)
• He still hasn't recovered from his illness. reputation (n)
recovery (n) request (n & v)
recruit (v) require (v)
rectangular (adj) rescue (n & v)
red (adj & n) research (n & v)
• in the red R & D (abbrev) research and development
reduce (v) reservation (n)
reduction (n) reserve (v)
redundant (adj) resident (n)
• make someone redundant (Br Eng) residential (adj)
ref (abbrev) with reference to resign (v)
refer (v) resignation (n)
• refer to something resolve (v)
reference (n) resource(s) (n)
• a reference to something respect (n & v)
respond (v)
• a reference from a previous employer
response (n)
refreshments (n)
responsibility (n)
refrigerator (n)
responsible (adj)
refund (n & v)
rest (n & v)
refurbish (v)
restaurant (n)
refuse (v)
result (n & v)
regard (n & v)
resume (Am Eng), CV (Br Eng) (n)
regards (n)
retail (n & v)
regarding (prep)
retail outlet (n)
region (n)
retail price (n)
regional (adj)
retain (v)
register (n & v)
retire (v)
• register for unemployment benefit (v)
return (n & v)
• on the register (n)
• She returned after everyone had left. (v)
registration (n)
• The return on our investment was not what
regret (n & v)
we expected. (n)
regular (adj)
return ticket (Br Eng), round-trip ticket (Am Eng) (n)
regulations (n pl)
reveal (v)
reject (n & v)
revenue (n)
rejection (n)
review (n & v)
relation (n)
revise (v)
• industrial relations
reward (n & v)
• public relations rich (adj)
relax (v) ride (n & v)
relevant (adj) right (n & adj)
reliable (adj)
• on the right (n)
reliability (n)
• That's right. (adj)
relief (n)
• We need to protect our rights. (n)
• What a relief!
ring (n & v)
relocate (v)
ring back (phr v)
relocation (n)
ring up (phr v)
rely (v)
rise (n & v)
remain (v & adj)
risk (n & v)
• remain steady/stable/flat (v)
rival (n & adj)
• the remaining budget (adj) river (n)
remember (n) road (n)
remind (v) role (n)
remit (v) roof (n)
• remit funds room (n)
remove (v) • double/single/twin room
renew (v) room service (n)
rent (n & v) rough (adj)
rental (n & adj) round (adj, prep & adv)
reorganization (Am Eng), reorganisation (Br Eng) (n) round trip (ticket) (Am Eng), return (Br Eng) (n)
rep (n) representative roundabout (Br Eng), traffic circle (Am Eng) (n)
repair (n & v) route (n)
repay (v) routine (n & adj)
repeat (n, adj & v) row (n)
repetitive (adj)
• The seats are arranged in rows.
replace (v)
• It's in the second row of the third column.
reply (n & v)
RSVP (abbrev) please reply
report (n & v)
rubber (n & adj)
represent (v)
rubbish (Br Eng), trash (Am Eng) (n) see off (phr v)
rude (adj) seem (v)
ruin (n & v) seldom (adv)
rule (n & v) select (v)
run (n & v) selection (n)
• run a business (v) self-employed (adj)
• a run of good luck (n) selfish (adj)
run out (of) (phr v) self-service (n)
rural (adj) sell (v)
selling price (n)
seminar (n)
S send (v)
send for (phr v)
S (abbrev) south senior (adj & n)
sad (adj) sensible (adj)
safe (n & adj) sensitive (adj)
safety (n) sentence (n)
salary (n) • Can you translate this sentence into
sale (n) German?
sales (n) separate (v & adj)
sales assistant (n) • Can you separate these for me? (v)
sales representative (rep) (n) • They work in separate locations. (adj)
same (adj, adv & pron) series (n)
sample (n & v) serious (adj)
satisfaction (n) servant (n)
satisfactory (adj) serve (v)
satisfied (adj) • The rail network services every region in the
save (v & n) country.
say (v)
• In my last job, I had to serve customers.
scale (n)
• The company serves the interests of its
• salary scale
shareholders.
• large/small scale server (Am Eng), waiter/waitress (Br Eng) (n)
scan (n & v) service (n)
scared (adj) service agreement (n)
schedule (n & v) service charge (n)
scheme (n) service industry (n)
• training scheme services (n)
school (n) • offer a range of services
science (n) session (n)
scientific (adj) set off (phr v)
scissors (n)
• set off for work
screen (n & v)
set out (phr v)
sea (n)
• set out on a journey
seal (v)
search (n & v) • set out a list of options
set up (phr v)
• customs search
• set up a business
• a search on the internet
settle (phr v)
search for (phr v)
season (n) • feel settled in a job
• busy/quiet season • settle an account
several (adj)
• peak season
sex (n)
• winter, spring, etc
• the male/female
seasonal (adj)
shake (n & v)
seat (n & v)
shall (v)
seatbelt (n)
shallow (adj)
sec (abbrev) second
shame (n)
second (adj & n)
second-hand / second hand (adj) • What a shame!
secondary (adj) shape (n & v)
secret (adj & n) share (n & v)
secretarial (adj) • I share an office with the marketing director.
secretary (n) (v)
section (n) • Our market share has increased. (n)
• section head shareholder (n)
sector (n) shares (n)
• this sector of the economy • shares in the company
secure (adj & v) sharp (adj)
security (n) • a sharp increase
see (v) • a sharp rise/drop
she (pron) slow down (phr v)
sheet (n) • Sales of the X13 model have slowed down.
shelf (n) small (adj)
shift (n) smart (adj)
• night shift smartphone (n)
• shift worker smell (n & v)
shine (v & n) smile (n & v)
ship (n & v) smoke (n & v)
shipping (n) smooth (adj)
shirt (n) snack (n & v)
shock (n & v) so (adv & conj)
• The news came as a shock. so that (conj)
• It shocked me. social (adj)
shoe(s) (n) society (n)
shop (n & v) sofa (n)
shopping center (Am Eng) / centre (Br Eng) (n) so far (adv)
shopping mall (n) soft (adj)
short (adj) software (n)
shortage (n) sole (adj)
short-term / short term (adj & n) • sole agent
should (v) solid (adj)
shout (n & v) • a solid base
show (n & v) • solid fuel
shower (n & v) solution (n)
shut (adj & v) solve (v)
shy (adj) some (det, pron & adv)
sick (adj) somebody (n & pron)
sick of (v) someone (n & pron)
side (n, adj & v) something (n & pron)
sight (n) sometimes (adv)
• in sight, out of sight somewhere (adv)
• tourist sight soon (adv)
sightseeing (n) sorry (adj)
sign (n & v) sort (n & v)
• a traffic sign, a sign on the wall (n) sort out (phr v)
• Sign here, please. (v) • Could you sort out my travel arrangements to
• signs of economic recovery (n) Berlin?
signal (n & v) sound (n & v)
signature (n) south (adj, adv & n)
significant (adj) south east (n & adj)
signpost (n & v) south west (n & adj)
silence (n) souvenir (n)
silent (adj) space (n)
silk (n & adj) spare (adj & v)
silver (n & adj) • spare cash (adj)
similar (adj) • I can't spare the time to see him. (v)
simple (adj) speak (v)
• simple food speaker (n)
• a simple exercise • a conference speaker
since (conj & prep) special (adj)
sincerely (adv) specialize (Am Eng), specialise (Br Eng) (v)
single (n & adj) specialist (n)
Sir (title) special offer (n)
sit (v) specialty (n)
site (n & v) specifications (n)
situate (v) speech (n)
situation (n) speed (n & v)
size (n) spell (v)
skill (n) spend (v & n)
skilled (adj) • spend money (v)
skirt (n) • spend time (v)
sky (n) • Our advertising spend has increased this
sleep (n & v) year. (n)
slide (n & v) spill (n & v)
• prepare the slides for your presentation spite (n)
• his performance has been sliding • in spite of
slight (adj) spoil (v)
slim (adj) sponsor (n & v)
slow (adj & v) sport(s) (n)
spot (n & v) storeroom (n)
spy (n & v) storey (Br Eng), story (Am Eng) (n)
square (n & adj) storm (n & v)
• a square pattern (adj) • The roof was damaged in the storm. (n)
• the town square (n) • a storm of protests (n)
St (abbrev) street • She stormed out of the meeting. (v)
staff (n & v) story (n)
stage (n) straight (adj & adv)
• the final stage of production strange (adj)
stairs (n) stranger (n)
stamp (n) strategy (n)
• Is there a stamp on the envelope? • a business strategy
• Use the company stamp. street (n)
stand (n & v) strength (n)
• stand outside (v) strengthen (v)
• a stand at a trade fair (n) stress (n & v)
• Production stood still due to a strike. (v) • There is a lot of stress in this job. (n)
• We stood up to get a better view. (v) • He stressed that it was important to be on
• The factory stands on a new industrial park. time. (v)
(v) strict (adj)
standard (adj & n) • strict Health and Safety regulations
staple (n) strike (n & v)
stapler (n) • Most workers have gone on strike. (n)
start (n & v) • They're striking for higher wages. (v)
• the start of the conference (n) string (n)
• The meeting started 10 minutes late. (v) strong (adj)
starter (Am Eng), entrée (Br Eng) (n) structure (n & v)
start-up / start up (adj, v & n) • Could you describe the structure of the
• Start-up costs have increased. (adj) company? (n)
• After leaving this company, she started up • The company was re-structured. (v)
another. (v) stubborn (adj)
• He was involved with a new start up. (n) student (n)
state (n & v) studies (n)
• He comes from the state of California. (n) • business studies
• Her office was in a very untidy state. (n) studio (n)
study (n & v)
• There are both state and private railways in
Japan. (n) • I'm studying Marketing. (v)
• He stated that he had been unaware of the • She studied the report. (v)
situation. (v) • The company carried out a study of
station (n) consumer spending habits. (n)
stationery (n) stupid (adj)
statistics (n) subsequently (adv)
stay (n & v) subsidiary (n & adj)
stay behind (phr v) subject (n)
• He stayed behind to finish up his report. • the subject of a discussion
steady (adj & v) • the subject of a sentence
steal (v) • a university subject
steam (n) substantial (adj)
steamed (adj) subtract (v)
steel (n) subordinate (n)
steep (adj) suburb (n)
step (n & v) subway (n)
• Steps 1-3 (n) • The New York subway is a huge
• take steps to do something (n) transportation system. (Am Eng)
• step forward (v) (underground – Br Eng)
still (adj) • Subways provide an alternative to crossing
stingy (adj) busy roads. (Br Eng) (underpass - Am Eng)
stock (v, n ) succeed (v)
• We don't stock that model anymore. (v) success (n)
• no longer in stock (prep phr) successful (adj)
such (det & pron)
• stocks and shares (n)
sudden (adj)
Stock Exchange (n)
suffer (v)
stone (n)
sufficient (adj)
stop (n & v)
suggest (v)
storage (n)
suggestion (n)
store (n & v)
suit (n & v)
• a department store (n)
suitability (n)
• Store it for future use. (v)
suitable (adj) take up (phr v)
suitcase (n) • She took up golf as a way of building her
suite (n) business networks.
sum (n) • He took up a new position in the company.
sum up (phr v) takeover (n)
• The finance director summed up objections • There have been several very high-profile
to the proposed strategy. takeovers in recent months.
sunny (adj) takings (n pl)
supermarket (n) talent (n)
supervise (v) talented (adj)
supervision (n) talk (n & v)
supervisor (n) tall (adj)
supper (n) tap (n & v)
superior (n) target (n, adj & v)
supplier (n) • our target customers (adj)
supplies (n pl) • The company's production target is 1000
supply (n & v) units per week. (n)
support (n & v) • The company was targeted by protesters. (v)
suppose (v) task (n)
surcharge (n) taste (n & v)
sure (adj) tasty (adj)
surname (n) tax (n & v)
surplus (n) taxation (n)
surprise (n, adj & v) taxi (n)
survey (n & v) taxpayer (n)
sweep (v) tea (n)
swing (n & v) teach (v)
• There has been a swing in public opinion. (n) team (n)
• The door swung shut. (v) teamwork (n)
swimming pool (n) tear (n & v)
switch (n & v) technical (adj)
• light switch technician (n)
• switch on/off technique (n)
• switch from/to technological (adj)
system (n) technology (n)
tel (abbrev) telephone number
telecommunications (n)
T telephone (n)
television (n)
table (n) tell (v)
take (v) temperature (n)
• take time temple (n)
• take a message temporary (adj)
• take time/a day/an afternoon off tenant (n)
take away (phr v) terminal (n)
• He took the printer away. • a computer terminal
• Take 6 away from 12. • a terminal at the airport
take off (phr v) terms (n)
• She took the afternoon off. • What are the terms of the agreement?
• She took off her jacket. terrible (adj)
• The plane took off on time. terrified (adj)
take off (n) test (n & v)
• take off and landing text (n & v)
take out (phr v) text message (n)
• take out the trash textile (n)
• take out a loan than (conj)
thank (v)
• take the visitors out for lunch
thank you (int)
• take out some of the numbers from the
thanks (n & int)
document
that (adv, det, conj & pron)
take over (phr v)
the (det)
• I have to take over all his responsibilities. theater (Am Eng), theatre (Br Eng) (n)
• The CEO plans to take over one of our • We can take our guests to the theater.
competitors.
• movie theater
take part in (phr v)
their (det)
• He didn't take part in the discussion. theirs (pron)
take place (phr v) them (pron)
• The conference will take place at the end of themselves (pron)
the year. then (adv)
theory (n) tradesman (n)
there (adv & pron) trading company (n)
• Put it over there, please. (adv) traditional (adj)
• There are two copy machines in our office. traffic (n)
(pron) traffic circle (Am Eng), roundabout (Br Eng) (n)
therefore (adv) train (n & v)
thermometer (n) trainee (n)
these (adv, det & pron) trainer (n)
they (pron) tram (n)
thick (adj) transfer (n & v)
thief (n) translate (v)
thin (adj) translation (n)
thing (n) transport (n & v)
think (v & n) transportation (n)
think of/about (v) trash (Am Eng), rubbish (Br Eng) (n)
• What do you think of the salary? trash can (Am Eng), rubbish bin (Br Eng) (n)
thirsty (adj) travel (n & v)
this (adv, det & pron) travel agent (n)
those (adv, det & pron) travel arrangements/plans (n)
though (adv & conj) travel expenses (n)
thought (n & v) traveler's checks (Am Eng) (n)
thousand (n) traveller's cheques (Br Eng) (n)
threat (n) trend (n)
threaten (v) trial (n & adj)
through (adv & prep) • trial period (adj)
throughout (adv & prep) • We will run a trial first. (n)
throw (n & v) trip (n)
throw away (phr v) trouble (n)
• He threw the receipt away by mistake. truck (Am Eng), lorry (Br Eng) (n)
tick (n & v) true (adj)
ticket (n) trunk (Am Eng), boot (Br Eng) (n)
tidy (adj & v) trust (n & v)
tie (n & v) truth (n)
• a shirt and tie (n) try (n & v)
• tied with string (v) try on (v)
tight (adj) tube (n)
till (conj & prep) tunnel (n)
time (n & v) turn (n & v)
timeline (n) turn around (phr v)
timetable (n) • he turned the company around in two years
tin (n) turn down (phr v)
tiny (adj) • turn down the radio
tip (n & v) • turn down an offer/application
tired (adj) turn into (phr v)
title (n) • Anna has turned into a competent and
to (prep) efficient manager.
today (adv & n) turn off (phr v)
together (adv) • Turn off your cell phone, please.
toilet (n) turn on (phr v)
tomorrow (adv & n) • He turned on his computer.
ton(ne) (n) turn out (phr v)
tonight (adv & n) • Turn out the lights before you go.
too (adv) • In the end, everything turned out alright.
tool (n) turn up (phr v)
top (n & adj) • Could you turn up the air conditioning,
topic (n) please?
total (n & adj)
• He didn't turn up. I don't know where he was.
touch (n & v)
turning (n)
tour (n & v)
• the first turning on the left
tourist (n & adj)
turnover (n & v)
towards (prep)
tower (n) • an annual turnover of $1 million
town (n) TV (abbrev) television
track (n & v) twice (adv)
trade (n & v) twin (adj & n)
trade fair (n) twin room (n)
trade union (n) type (v & n)
trader (n) typical (adj)
typist (n)
• stock trader
 vendor (n)
U venture (n)
• a joint venture
ugly (adj) • venture capital
unable (adj) venue (n)
unbelievable (adj) very (adv)
under (prep) victory (n)
undercharge (v) video (n & v)
underestimate (v) view (n & v)
underground (adj) village (n)
underground (Br Eng), subway (Am Eng) (n) violent (adj)
underline (v) virus (n)
underpaid (adj)
• a computer virus
understand (v)
visa (n)
undo (v)
visit (n & v)
uniform (n)
vocabulary (n)
union (n)
voice (n & v)
• trade union volume (n)
unit (n) vote (n & v)
• unit cost voyage (n)
• factory unit
• industrial unit
universe (n) W
university (n)
unleaded (adj) W (abbrev) west
unless (conj) wage(s) (n)
until (prep) wait (n & v)
unusual (adj) waiting room (n)
up (prep & adv) waiter (n)
up to (phr v) waitress (n)
• What are you up to? wake (v)
• It's not up to me who gets the position. wake up (phr v & adj)
up-to-date / up to date (adj & adv) • a wake-up call
update (n & v) walk (n & v)
• give me an update (n) walking distance (n)
• update your antivirus software (v) wall (n)
upgrade (n & v) wallet (n)
upload (n & v) want (v & n)
upon (prep) war (n)
upset (adj & v) warehouse (n)
upstairs (adv) warm (adj)
upturn (n) warn (v)
upward (adj) wash (v)
urban (adj) waste (n & v)
urgent (adj) waste basket (Am Eng) (n)
us (pron) wastepaper basket/bin (Br Eng) (n)
use (n & v) watch (n & v)
used to (v) water (n & v)
useful (adj) wave (n & v)
useless (adj) way (n)
user (n) we (pron)
usual (adj) weak (adj)
usually (adv) weakness (n)
wealth (n)
wear (v & n)
V • sportswear
• footwear
vacancy (n) wear out (phr v & adj)
vacation (n) • I'm worn out. I need a holiday.
valid (adj) • worn-out clothing/equipment
• a valid passport weather (n)
• a valid argument web (n)
valuable (adj) website (n)
value (n & v) website address (n)
van (n) week (n)
variety (n) weekday (n)
various (adj) weekend (n)
vary (v) weigh (v)
vehicle (n) weight (n)
welcome (n) would (v)
welfare (n) wrap (v)
well (adv & n) wrap up (phr v)
Well done! (exclam) write (v)
well-established (adj) write down (phr v)
well-known (adj) write out (phr v)
well-made (adj) wrong (adj, n & v)
well-paid (adj)
west (n)
wet (adj) X
what (adv, det, conj, pron & int)
whatever (conj, det & pron)
wheel (n)
when (adv & conj)
Y
whenever (adv & conj)
yard (n)
where (adv & conj)
year (n)
whereas (conj)
yes (int)
whether (conj)
yesterday (adj & n)
which (pron)
yet (adv)
while (conj)
you (pron)
whiteboard (n)
young (adj)
who, whom (pron)
your (adj)
whole (adj)
yours (pron)
wholesale (adj & adv)
yourself (pron)
wholesaler (n)
youth (n)
whose (pron)
yr (n) year
why (adv & conj)
wide (adj)
width (n) Z
will (n & v)
willing (adj) zero (n)
win (n & v) zone (n)
window (n) zoo (n)
• window seat
window display (n)
wing (n)
• wing of a plane
• wing of a building
wire (n)
wise (adj)
wish (n & v)
with (prep)
withdraw (v)
within (adv & prep)
without (adv & prep)
witness (n & v)
woman (n)
wonder (n & v)
wonderful (adj)
wood (n)
wooden (adj)
wool (n)
word (n)
word processing (n)
work (n & v)
• work hard
• work overtime/late
work permit (n)
workaholic (n)
workforce (n)
workload (n)
working hours (n)
workplace (n)
workshop (n)
workstation (n)
world (n)
world-wide / worldwide (adj & adv)
worried (adj)
worry (v & n)
worse/worst (adj & adv)
worth (adj)
worthwhile (adj)
APPENDIX 1 l

Word sets
In addition to words in the alphabetical list, BULATS candidates at A2 level are
expected to know:

Cardinal numbers
one, two, three, etc

Ordinal numbers
first, second, third, …. twenty fourth, twenty fifth, etc

Days of the week

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

Seasons of the year

Spring, Summer, Winter, Autumn/Fall

Countries, nationalities and languages

Eg, Brazil, Brazilian, Portuguese; Canada/Canadian

Continents/Oceans
Africa, Europe, North & South America, etc
Pacific, Atlantic, etc

Words for email addresses

dot, slash, at (@), etc

Major currencies
dollars, euros, pounds, etc
APPENDIX 2 l

Affixes
The words on the alphabetical list may be extended by the use of one or more of
these affixes:

mini- with nouns, sometimes without a hyphen, eg minibus, mini-tour

non- with nouns and adjectives, eg non-essential

re- with verbs and their related nouns, usually without a hyphen, eg
rename, rearrange
self- with nouns and adjectives, eg self-importance, self-confident

un- negative prefix, eg unsafe, unstable

-able with verbs to form adjectives, eg affordable, likable

-ed (-d) with verbs to form adjectives, eg limited, used

-er (-r) with verbs to form nouns, eg teacher, advertiser, shopper; also
comparative forms, eg brighter

-ese for nationalities, languages, eg Chinese, Portuguese

-est for superlatives, eg tallest

-ful with nouns for amount contained, eg spoonful; with nouns to form
adjectives denoting characteristics or qualities, eg painful, useful

-ing with verbs for activity or state, eg selling, satisfying

-ish for nationalities or languages, eg Swedish; with nouns to form

adjectives, eg selfish

-ist with nouns, occupations, eg chemist, specialist

-less with nouns to form adjectives, eg useless

-ly with adjectives to form adverbs, eg effectively; with nouns to form

adjectives, eg friendly

-ment with verbs to form nouns, eg announcement, retirement

-or with verbs to form nouns, eg vendor, inventor

-y with nouns to form adjectives, eg sunny