Addu High School DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Hithadhoo/Addu PHYSICS
3. A cylinder of weight 1.5 N is placed on top of a vertical spring and the
spring compresses by 3.0 cm as shown.
TOPIC: RKSH
Materials Revision Worksheet

1. A force F was applied to compress a spring by a distance x.

A second spring of double the stiffness was compressed by the same
distance x.
Which of the following gives the magnitude of the force applied to the What is the spring constant of the spring?
second spring? A 0.02 N m−1
B 0.5 N m−1
C 2 N m−1
D 50 N m−1
4. The force-extension graph shown is obtained for a copper wire. The wire
does not break.

2. A spring is stretched by a force F. The energy stored in

the spring is E.
The spring is connected to a second identical spring. The
combination is stretched by the same force F as shown.
Which of the following is the total energy stored in the
combination of two springs?
(a)  Label key points on the graph and use them to explain the
behaviourofthe wire. (6)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials 1

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(b)  A picture is hung symmetrically using a copper wire attached to the
vertical sides of the picture. A nail in the wall supports the midpoint of the
wire. The wires are inclined at an angle of 70° to the vertical as shown.
The total length of wire should not extend more than 1 mm for safety
reasons.
Determine whether it would be safe to use this copper wire.
cross sectional area of wire = 3.3 × 10−7 m2
length of wire = 0.70 m
Young modulus of copper = 1.3 × 1011 Pa
weight of picture = 10.8N (6)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
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5. Concrete is a material often used for building.
A stress-strain graph for one type of concrete is shown. Positive values of
strain represent compression and negative values of strain represent tension
(a) Explain how the stress-strain graph shows that concrete is more
suitable for use under compression than under tension. (2)
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(b) Steel is a metal often used in building. The stress-strain graph for
steel is shown.
A steel rod has a diameter of 45 mm.
Calculate the maximum force that could be applied to the steel rod
before it fractures. (3)
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(c)   To make concrete suitable for use under large forces steel rods are
sometimes embedded in the concrete.
An external tensile force is applied to the steel rods. Concrete is poured
into a mould around the rods. Once the concrete has set the external
force is removed from the steel rods, placing the concrete in
Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
compression.
(i) Explain how this process increases the maximum tensile force
that the concrete can withstand before fracture. (4)
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6. A student carried out an experiment to determine the Young modulus of a
material in the form of a wire. The wire was suspended from a rigid
support and weights were added to the free end. The corresponding
extensions Δl were determined.
The diagram shows how an optical lever was used to measure the
extension of the wire. The light from a laser was reflected by the mirror
and moved upwards a distance Δy along a vertical scale as the wire
extended. The distance D from the mirror to the scale and the length d of
the pivoted arm were measured.
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 The following formula was used to determine a precise value for the
extension of the wire Δl.

Before the weights were added to the wire, the student measured the
diameter and the original length of the wire.
(a)  Describe the measurements that would be taken, and how they would be
used, to accurately determine the diameter of the wire. (2)
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 b)  Explain why the optical lever was required to measure the extension of
the wire. (2)
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(c)  The student plotted the following graph of weight W against the
distance moved by the reflected light Δy.
(i)  Given that , use the graph to determine the extension Δl
of the wire and hence obtain a value for the Young modulus of the
material of the wire.
D = 7.0 m
d = 0.055 m
cross-sectional area of wire = 2.0 × 10−7 m2
original length of wire = 0.65 m (5)
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(ii)  The student measured the distance moved by the reflected light Δy
for the unloading of the wire.
Sketch, onto the axes above, a possible graph for the unloading of the
wire.(2)

Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials 4

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7.The photograph shows a long rubber band being used to launch a model
aeroplane.
(a) Explain whether the rubber band obeys Hooke’s law.(2)
Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
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(b) Use the graph to show that the elastic strain energy stored in the rubber
band when it has an extension of 10.0 cm is less than 0.8 J.(3)
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(c) The rubber band is extended by 10.0 cm before being released to
launch the aeroplane. Calculate the maximum possible initial speed of
the aeroplane.
Mass of aeroplane = 0.027 kg (3)
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(d) The following graph shows two lines. Measurements were obtained by
increasing the force on the band to 12 N and then decreasing the force.
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 8. The graphs show the behaviour of brittle and ductile materials.

(i) Describe the energy transfers taking place when the force on the band
is increased and then decreased.(2)
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(b)In 2006, three Chinese vases, dating from the 17th Century, were smashed
(ii)Explain why the wire used when measuring the Young Modulus of
copper in a school laboratory is long and thin. (5)
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(a) Use the graphs to help you describe brittle and ductile behaviour.(2)
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when a man fell down the stairs at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.
The vases were made of porcelain.
A restoration expert put the vases back together. She said, “It wasn’t a
difficult job. The museum collected all the pieces and they fitted back
together perfectly.”
Explain why it was possible to fit the pieces back together perfectly. (2)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials 6

9. A Slinky is a long spring made of metal. One end of a Slinky is fixed to
the ceiling.The force acting on the Slinky was varied by hanging weights
from the other end.The graph shows the results.
(a) (i) Explain whether the results follow Hooke’s law.(2)
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(ii)Show that the stiffness of the Slinky is about 0.7 N m–1.(3)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
(ii)Calculate the elastic strain energy stored in the Slinky when the
applied force is 0.70 N. (2)
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(b) The photograph shows part of
the Slinky hanging from a
person’s hand.
(i) Explain why the coils are extended more at the top than the bottom. (2)
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(ii) Mark and label the approximate position of the centre of gravity of the
Slinky on the photograph above. (1)
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 (iii) A ball is dropped from the same height, and at the same time, as the top
of the Slinky is released. The three photographs below show what
happens.
By considering the forces acting on the top coils of the Slinky, explain why
they fall faster than the ball.
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(1) Suggest why the bottom coils remain in the same position in the
three photographs. (1)
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10. A student reads the following statement in a text book:
Unlike many metals, lead is malleable but not ductile.
Explain the statement. (4)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
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11. The apparatus shown can be used to determine the
spring constant k of a spring.
(a) Describe how the apparatus can be used to
accurately obtain the measurements needed. (4)
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(a) Describe how the measurements would be used to determine a reliable
value of k.(3)
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 (b) State why it is important not to exceed the limit of proportionality of
the spring.(1)
(b) Explain why steel is a suitable material for making paper clips.(3)
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12. The graph shows the stress-strain curves for three materials A, B, and ..................................................................................................................................................
C up to the point of fracture.
(c) State the name for the point marked X on graph B and explain its
significance.(2)

(a) (i) Identify which of the materials A, B or C is (4)
a brittle material .......................................................................
a ductile material .....................................................................
the strongest material ............................................................
the least stiff material ...........................................................
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13.Silk is a natural protein fibre produced by spiders and silkworms. It is a
material of high tensile strength. The graph gives the stress-strain curves, up
to the point of fracture, for silk produced by spiders and by silk worm.

(ii)The three materials are copper, glass and steel.

Identify which graph refers to each material.

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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials 9

(a) (i) State what is meant by high tensile strength. (1)
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(ii) Spiders
use silk to build webs to catch insects. Use the graph to
explain how the properties of spider silk make it more suitable than
silkworm silk for building webs to catch insects. (4)
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(b) (i) Use the graph to determine the Young modulus of spider silk for
small stresses. (2)
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(iii) An insect flies into a spider’s web and becomes attached to a single
thread. This creates a tension in the thread of 580 μN. The thread
extends by approximately 3% of the original length. Calculate the
radius of a single thread of spider silk. (4)
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Addu high school/Dept of Science/Physics/unit 1/Revision work sheet /Materials
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14. Under certain conditions, many materials obey Hooke’s law.
(a) State Hooke’s law and describe the conditions under which it is valid.
(2)
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(b) Describe the behaviour of a spring when it is stretched beyond the
region where Hooke’s law is obeyed. (2)
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14.Show that a unit for the Young modulus is N m–2. (2)
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