Determine emergency treatment for seizure:

1. Prevent Choking:
 Loosen clothing around the person's neck.
 Roll the person on their side to keep the airway open.
 Don't put anything into the person's mouth. It is a myth that someone will swallow their tongue.
You could harm the person and risk being bitten if you try to put something in their mouth.
2. Protect From Injury
 Move sharp objects, such as glassware or furniture, away from the person.
 Ask bystanders to give the person room.
 Do not restrain or hold down the person.
 Only move them if they are in danger of further injury (getting hit by a car, drowning, falling off a
roof, etc)
3. Medications: A number of rescue seizure medications can be used to stop seizures. Several of
these medications are benzodiazepines, which inhibit the activity of the nervous system,
including the brain, by binding to and regulating the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA),
an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
 Lorazepam
 Diazepam
 Midazolam
 Phenytoin
 Phenobarbital


Identify the diagnostic and laboratory tests:

1. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)- MRI is used to detect structural lesions such as focal
abnormalities, cerebrovascular abnormalities, and cerebral degenerative changes.
2. EEG (Electroencephalogram)- Furnishes diagnostic evidence for a substantial proportion of
patients with epilepsy and assists in classifying the type of seizure. Abnormalities in the EEG
usually continue between seizures or, if not apparent, may be elicited by hyperventilation or
during sleep.
3. SPECT (Single-photon emission computerized tomography)- An additional tool that is sometimes
used in the diagnostic workup. It uses a small amount of low-dose radioactive material that's
injected into a vein to create a detailed, 3D map of the blood flow activity in your brain that
happens during a seizure
4. PET (Positron emission tomography)- A PET scan uses a small amount of low-dose radioactive
material that's injected into a vein to help visualize active areas of the brain and detect
abnormalities.
5. Blood tests- Blood sample will be collected to check for signs of infections, genetic conditions or
electrolyte imbalances.
Sources:

BRUNNER & SUDDARTH’S textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14th Edition by. Janice L. Hinkle & Kerry
H. Cheever pp. 5234

https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/seizures-emergencies-treatment